叶面喷施锌肥和柠檬酸对辣椒产量、品质与Cd吸收转运的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1069-1079.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.10

叶面喷施锌肥和柠檬酸对辣椒产量、品质与Cd吸收转运的影响

柴冠群¹(), 周玮¹, 梁红², 范菲菲¹, 朱大雁¹, 范成五¹^,^*()

1.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳 550006
2.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2022-05-31 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-01
作者简介:柴冠群(1990—),男,山西临汾人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事农产品产地重金属污染防控工作。E-mail:chaiguanqun@163.com
通讯作者: *范成五,E-mail:18985581415@189.cn
基金资助:
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2018〕2338);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800602)

Effect of foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer and citric acid on yield, quality and Cd absorption and transport ation of pepper

CHAI Guanqun¹(), ZHOU Wei¹, LIANG Hong², FAN Feifei¹, ZHU Dayan¹, FAN Chengwu¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
2. College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2022-05-31 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-06-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确ZnSO₄与柠檬酸对辣椒的作用效果,以期为辣椒Cd安全生产提供理论依据,采用盆栽试验,研究叶面喷施200 μmol·L^-1 ZnSO₄、40 μmol·L^-1 柠檬酸和二者复配对辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)吸收转运Cd、产量与品质的影响,结果表明:与叶面喷施纯水相比,协同喷施200 μmol·L^-1 ZnSO₄与40 μmol·L^-1 柠檬酸(Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀)处理显著降低了辣椒果实产量、可溶性糖与氨基酸含量,可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,辣椒碱含量变化不显著。供试辣椒品种青红元帅对土壤Cd具有较强的富集能力,不同部位Cd含量为主茎上叶>根>果实>叉茎上叶>叉茎≈主茎;不同处理辣椒果实Cd含量介于0.58~0.79 mg·kg^-1;与叶面喷施纯水相比,Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀处理辣椒果实Cd含量显著(P<0.05)降低了26.58%,该处理显著降低了根净吸Cd量及其主茎上叶与叉茎上叶向果实转运Cd的效率,显著增加了根向主茎、叉茎、主茎上叶与叉茎上叶转运Cd的效率,并显著增加了辣椒地上部营养器官Cd的分配比例,尤其是主茎上叶Cd的分配比例。综上,Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀处理果实Cd含量降低主要是由于辣椒根净吸Cd量及其主茎上叶向果实转运Cd的效率降低。

关键词: 辣椒, Cd, 吸收转运, 累积分配, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of ZnSO₄ and citric acid on the pepper and to provide a theoretical basis for the safe production of Cd in pepper, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of foliar spraying of 200 μmol·L^-1 ZnSO₄, 40 μmol·L^-1 citric acid and the combination on the absorption and transportation of Cd in pepper, yield and quality of pepper fruit. The results showed that compared with foliar spraying of pure water, synergistic spraying of 200 μmol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ and 40 μmol·L^-1 citric acid (Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀) significantly reduced fruit yield, soluble sugar and amino acid contents, and increased soluble protein content, but had no significant difference in capsaicin. Pod pepper Qing Hong Yuan Shuai had a strong ability to absorb Cd from soil, Cd content in different tissues were as follows: leaf on main stem>root>fruit>leaf on fork stem>fork stem≈main stem. Content of Cd in pod pepper fruit ranged from 0.58 to 0.79 mg·kg^-1. Compared with foliar spraying of pure water, the Cd content of pepper fruit treated with Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀ was significantly reduced by 26.58%, and this treatment significantly reduced the net Cd uptake by root and its transfer efficiency of Cd from the leaf on the main stem and the leaf on the fork stem to the fruit, and significantly increased the transfer efficiency of Cd from root to main stem, fork stem, and leaf on the main stem and leaf on the fork stem, and it also significantly increased the distribution ratio of Cd in the aboveground vegetative organs of pepper, especially the distribution ratio of Cd in the leaf on the main stem. In summary, the decrease of Cd content in fruit treated with Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀ was mainly due to the decrease of net Cd uptake by pepper root and the efficiency of Cd transport from leaf on main stem to fruit.

Key words: pepper, Cd, absorption and transportation, accumulation and distribution, yield, quality

中图分类号:

柴冠群, 周玮, 梁红, 范菲菲, 朱大雁, 范成五. 叶面喷施锌肥和柠檬酸对辣椒产量、品质与Cd吸收转运的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1069-1079.

CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Wei, LIANG Hong, FAN Feifei, ZHU Dayan, FAN Chengwu. Effect of foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer and citric acid on yield, quality and Cd absorption and transport ation of pepper[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(5): 1069-1079.

图/表 8

表1 不同处理的辣椒生物量(干基)

Table 1 Biomass of peppers under different treatments (Dry weight)

处理 Treatment	果实干重 Dry weight of fruits/g	果实数量 Number of fruits	单果干重 Dry weight per fruit/g	整株干重 Dry weight of whole plant/g	果实干重占比 Percentage of dry weight of fruit/%
CK	33.01±0.18 a	54.67±0.47 ab	0.60±0.01 a	75.50±0.41 a	43.73±0.48 a
Zn₂₀₀	33.12±2.07 a	50.00±2.45 b	0.66±0.01 a	76.11±2.22 a	43.48±1.58 a
CA₄₀	31.52±1.5 ab	60.00±3.27 a	0.51±0.05 b	77.91±2.62 a	39.15±0.61 b
Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀	29.31±0.99 b	49.67±4.50 b	0.59±0.05 ab	74.17±0.06 a	39.52±1.30 b

表2 不同处理辣椒果实品质差异

Table 2 Differences in fruit quality of peppers under different treatments

处理 Treatment	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugars content/ (g·kg^-1)	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble proteins content/ (g·kg^-1)	氨基酸含量 Amino acids content/ (mg·kg^-1)	辣椒碱含量 Capsaicin content/ (g·kg^-1)	V_C含量 V_C content/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	80.36±1.81 a	23.12±0.26 c	1 572.21±100.41 a	1.91±0.14 a	422.49±18.32 b
Zn₂₀₀	68.23±1.34 b	21.49±0.67 d	1 645.83±13.50 a	1.62±0.21 a	607.69±29.02 a
CA₄₀	81.23±3.47 a	29.92±0.42 b	1 396.94±70.43 b	1.60±0.26 a	403.17±16.99 b
Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀	44.85±0.96 c	31.66±1.06 a	1 264.23±45.26 b	2.15±0.51 a	414.85±23.99 b

表3 不同处理辣椒不同部位Cd含量特征(干基)

Table 3 Characteristics of Cd content in different parts of peppers under different treatments (Dry weight) mg·kg-1

处理 Treament	果实 Fruit	叉茎 Fork stem	主茎 Main stem	叉茎上叶 Leaf on fork stem	主茎上叶 Leaf on main stem	根 Root	地上部 Above-ground parts	地上部营养器官 Above-ground vegetative organs	整株 Whole plant
CK	0.79±0.04 a	0.35±0.01 a	0.31±0.04 a	0.56±0.02b	2.14±0.10 a	1.98±0.06 a	0.62±0.02 a	0.52±0.01 a	0.75±0.03 a
Zn₂₀₀	0.64±0.03 b	0.36±0.03 a	0.28±0.02 a	0.61±0.02 a	1.61±0.21 b	1.61±0.10 b	0.55±0.02 b	0.48±0.02 b	0.64±0.03b
CA₄₀	0.73±0.01 a	0.39±0.03 a	0.32±0.03 a	0.60±0.01 a	2.29±0.09 a	1.43±0.10 b	0.63±0.01 a	0.52±0.02 a	0.70±0.01 a
Zn₂₀₀+CA₄₀	0.58±0.06 b	0.28±0.02 b	0.31±0.01 a	0.53±0.01 b	2.37±0.02 a	1.14±0.11 c	0.55±0.02 b	0.52±0.03 a	0.61±0.03 b

图1 不同处理辣椒各部位Cd分配比例 CK,叶面喷施纯水;Zn200,叶面喷施200 μmol·L-1 ZnSO4;CA40,叶面喷施40 μmol·L-1柠檬酸;Zn200+CA40,叶面喷施200 μmol·L-1 ZnSO4与40 μmol·L-1柠檬酸。不同处理下辣椒相同部位间不同小写字母表示差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Proportion of Cd accumulation in each part of pepper under different treatments CK, Spraying pure water on leaves; Zn200, Spraying 200 μmol·L-1 ZnSO4 on leaves; CA40, Spraying 40 μmol·L-1 citric acid on leaves; Zn200+CA40, Spraying 200 μmol·L-1 ZnSO4 and 40 μmol·L-1 citric acid on leaves. The different lowercase letters indicated significant differences (P<0.05) among the same part under the different treatment. The same as below.

图2 各处理辣椒对Cd富集能力与根向地上部或茎叶转运Cd的效率

Fig.2 Cd enrichment capacity and efficiency of Cd translocation from root to above-ground part, stem and leaf by pepper in each treatment

图3 地上部营养器官或茎叶向果实转运Cd的效率

Fig.3 Efficiency of Cd transport from above-ground vegetative organ, stem and leaf to fruit

表4 辣椒根Cd净吸收量双因素方差分析

Table 4 Two-factor ANOVA for net Cd uptake by pepper roots

变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of square	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value
修正模型Modified model	10.421^#	3	3.474	16.472^**
截距Intercept	687.629	1	687.629	3 260.564^**
Zn	3.291	1	3.291	15.604^**
CA	3.867	1	3.867	18.336^**
Zn×CA	3.264	1	3.264	15.475^**
误差Error	1.687	8	0.211
总计Sum	699.737	12
校正的总计Modified sum	12.108	11

图4 不同处理辣椒根Cd净吸收量图A中不同小写字母表示同一柠檬酸用量条件下不同ZnSO4用量间的差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);图B中不同小写字母表示同一ZnSO4用量条件下不同柠檬酸用量间的差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。

Fig.4 Net Cd uptake by pepper root in different treatments The different lowercase letters indicate extremely significant different (P<0.01) between different ZnSO4 application rates under the same citric acid application rates in figure A; The different lowercase letters indicate extremely significant different (P<0.01) between different citric acid application rates under the same ZnSO4 application rates in figure B.

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[28]	于丹, 徐福利, 王渭玲, 等. 低分子有机酸喷施对辣椒生长、养分吸收、产量及果实品质的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(6): 118-125.
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叶面喷施锌肥和柠檬酸对辣椒产量、品质与Cd吸收转运的影响

Effect of foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer and citric acid on yield, quality and Cd absorption and transport ation of pepper

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