浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 134-144.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240005
王湘洁1(), 韩科峰1, 马正波2, 楼金3, 王帅4,5, 吴良欢1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2023-12-27
出版日期:
2025-01-25
发布日期:
2025-02-14
作者简介:
王湘洁(1998—),女,黑龙江大庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事土地与植物资源利用研究。E-mail: 22114146@zju.edu.cn
通讯作者:
*吴良欢,E-mail: finm@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
WANG Xiangjie1(), HAN Kefeng1, MA Zhengbo2, LOU Jin3, WANG Shuai4,5, WU Lianghuan1,*(
)
Received:
2023-12-27
Online:
2025-01-25
Published:
2025-02-14
摘要: 四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)是藜科(Chenopodiaceae)滨藜属(Atriplex)的多年生半常绿灌木,具有速生、耐干旱、耐贫瘠、抗盐碱等优良特性,可用于水土保持和土壤改良。为探究四翅滨藜在浙江省新垦地上生长的适应性,及其在我国南方典型亚热带季风气候下生长发育的关键影响因素,本研究选择浙江省6个具有代表性的新垦土壤类型进行田间试验,测定四翅滨藜的生长、成活情况,运用主成分分析进行生长适应性评价,通过相关性分析和冗余分析得到影响四翅滨藜生长生活的主要因子。结果表明,在滨海盐碱土上种植四翅滨藜的成活率更高。在北仑和奉化试验点,四翅滨藜的地上部与地下部干物质质量显著(P<0.05)高于其他4个试验点,且分枝数相较于其他地区显著提高67.48%~346.47%。四翅滨藜适合在浙江省滨海盐碱地种植,土壤电导率、土壤pH、年降雨量、土壤碱解氮含量是影响四翅滨藜在浙江省生长和存活的主要因素,土壤电导率在9.51~14.28 dS·m-1、土壤pH值在7.60~8.16、年降雨量在1 087.7~1 359.7 mm、土壤碱解氮含量在18.43~35.00 mg·kg-1的地点更适宜种植四翅滨藜。
中图分类号:
王湘洁, 韩科峰, 马正波, 楼金, 王帅, 吴良欢. 四翅滨藜在浙江省的生长适应性及其影响因素[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 134-144.
WANG Xiangjie, HAN Kefeng, MA Zhengbo, LOU Jin, WANG Shuai, WU Lianghuan. Adaptability and influencing factors of Atriplex canescens growth in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 134-144.
试验点 Test site | 位置 Location | 地理坐标 Geographic coordinates | 土壤类型 Soil type | 种植面积 Planting area/hm2 | 种植时间 Planting time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
余杭 Yuhang (YH) | 杭州市余杭区鸬鸟镇 Luniao Town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City | 30.47'N, 119.74'E | 红壤 Red soil | 1.34 | 2021-03-02 |
奉化 Fenghua (FH) | 宁波市奉化区莼湖镇 Chunhu Town, Fenghua District, Ningbo City | 29.57'N, 121.52'E | 滨海盐土 Coastal saline | 1.34 | 2021-03-25 |
奉化(山) Fenghua (mountain) (FHM) | 宁波市奉化区莼湖镇(山区) Chunhu Town, Fenghua District, Ningbo City (Mountainous area) | 29.57'N, 121.41'E | 红壤 Red soil | 0.67 | 2021-03-25 |
婺城 Wucheng (WC) | 金华市婺城区琅琊镇 Langya Town, Wucheng District, Jinhua City | 29.01'N, 119.48'E | 黄泥田 Yellow-clayey paddy soil | 1.34 | 2021-03-24 |
北仑 Beilun (BL) | 宁波市北仑区梅山乡 Meishan Township, Beilun District, Ningbo City | 29.77'N, 121.98'E | 滨海盐土 Coastal saline | 1.34 | 2021-09-21 |
乐清 Yueqing (YQ) | 温州市乐清市蒲岐镇 Puqi Town, Yueqing City, Wenzhou City | 28.11'N, 121.04'E | 滨海盐土 Coastal saline | 2.01 | 2022-09-01 |
表1 试验点的地理位置、土壤类型、种植面积与时间
Table 1 Location, soil type, planting area and time of test sites
试验点 Test site | 位置 Location | 地理坐标 Geographic coordinates | 土壤类型 Soil type | 种植面积 Planting area/hm2 | 种植时间 Planting time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
余杭 Yuhang (YH) | 杭州市余杭区鸬鸟镇 Luniao Town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City | 30.47'N, 119.74'E | 红壤 Red soil | 1.34 | 2021-03-02 |
奉化 Fenghua (FH) | 宁波市奉化区莼湖镇 Chunhu Town, Fenghua District, Ningbo City | 29.57'N, 121.52'E | 滨海盐土 Coastal saline | 1.34 | 2021-03-25 |
奉化(山) Fenghua (mountain) (FHM) | 宁波市奉化区莼湖镇(山区) Chunhu Town, Fenghua District, Ningbo City (Mountainous area) | 29.57'N, 121.41'E | 红壤 Red soil | 0.67 | 2021-03-25 |
婺城 Wucheng (WC) | 金华市婺城区琅琊镇 Langya Town, Wucheng District, Jinhua City | 29.01'N, 119.48'E | 黄泥田 Yellow-clayey paddy soil | 1.34 | 2021-03-24 |
北仑 Beilun (BL) | 宁波市北仑区梅山乡 Meishan Township, Beilun District, Ningbo City | 29.77'N, 121.98'E | 滨海盐土 Coastal saline | 1.34 | 2021-09-21 |
乐清 Yueqing (YQ) | 温州市乐清市蒲岐镇 Puqi Town, Yueqing City, Wenzhou City | 28.11'N, 121.04'E | 滨海盐土 Coastal saline | 2.01 | 2022-09-01 |
试验点 Test site | 平均高温 Mean high temperature/℃ | 平均低温 Mean low temperature/℃ | 最高气温 Maximum temperature/℃ | 最低气温 Minimum temperature/℃ | 年降雨量 Annual rainfall/mm | 月最高降雨量 Maximum monthly rainfall/mm | 月最低降雨量 Minimum monthly rainfall/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YH | 22 | 14 | 41 | -7 | 974.2 | 314.3 | 35.4 |
FH | 23 | 14 | 37 | -7 | 1 359.7 | 401.2 | 1.4 |
FHM | 21 | 12 | 35 | -9 | 1 359.7 | 401.2 | 1.4 |
WC | 23 | 16 | 38 | -4 | 1 249.9 | 358.8 | 17.8 |
BL | 22 | 15 | 39 | -5 | 1 386.6 | 489.2 | 11.5 |
YQ | 23 | 15 | 37 | -2 | 1 087.7 | 201.9 | 8.8 |
表2 试验点的气候条件
Table 2 Climatic conditions of test sites
试验点 Test site | 平均高温 Mean high temperature/℃ | 平均低温 Mean low temperature/℃ | 最高气温 Maximum temperature/℃ | 最低气温 Minimum temperature/℃ | 年降雨量 Annual rainfall/mm | 月最高降雨量 Maximum monthly rainfall/mm | 月最低降雨量 Minimum monthly rainfall/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YH | 22 | 14 | 41 | -7 | 974.2 | 314.3 | 35.4 |
FH | 23 | 14 | 37 | -7 | 1 359.7 | 401.2 | 1.4 |
FHM | 21 | 12 | 35 | -9 | 1 359.7 | 401.2 | 1.4 |
WC | 23 | 16 | 38 | -4 | 1 249.9 | 358.8 | 17.8 |
BL | 22 | 15 | 39 | -5 | 1 386.6 | 489.2 | 11.5 |
YQ | 23 | 15 | 37 | -2 | 1 087.7 | 201.9 | 8.8 |
试验点Test site | SR | MR |
---|---|---|
YH | 69.2 | 38.0 |
FH | 72.7 | 51.2 |
FHW | 79.0 | 9.1 |
WC | 20.0 | 16.4 |
BL | 82.3 | 72.1 |
YQ | 70.3 | 62.1 |
表3 各试验点四翅滨藜的成活情况
Table 3 The survival of Atriplex canescens at test sites %
试验点Test site | SR | MR |
---|---|---|
YH | 69.2 | 38.0 |
FH | 72.7 | 51.2 |
FHW | 79.0 | 9.1 |
WC | 20.0 | 16.4 |
BL | 82.3 | 72.1 |
YQ | 70.3 | 62.1 |
图1 各试验点四翅滨藜的生长情况 图上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。YH,余杭;FH,奉化;FHM,奉化(山);WC,婺城;BL,北仑;YQ,乐清。
Fig.1 The growth of Atriplex canescens at test sites Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. YH, Yuhang; FH, Fenghua; FHM, Fenghua (mountain); WC, Wucheng; BL, Beilun; YQ, Yueqing.
试验点 Test site | 主成分得分Principal component score | 综合得分 Composite score | 排序 Order | 成活天数 Survivability days | 生长适宜性 Suitability for growth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | |||||
YH | -1.375 | -0.342 | -0.942 | 4 | 159 | 不适宜Not suitable |
FH | 2.706 | 1.617 | 1.985 | 1 | 149 | 适宜Suitable |
FHW | -2.145 | 0.462 | -1.330 | 5 | 91 | 不适宜Not suitable |
WC | -2.333 | -0.016 | -1.519 | 6 | 102 | 不适宜Not suitable |
BL | 2.882 | 0.413 | 1.931 | 2 | >730 | 适宜Suitable |
YQ | 0.265 | -2.134 | -0.126 | 3 | >365 | 较适宜Acceptable |
表4 各试验点四翅滨藜成活生长情况的综合评价结果
Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation result of the survival and growth of Atriplex canescens at test sites
试验点 Test site | 主成分得分Principal component score | 综合得分 Composite score | 排序 Order | 成活天数 Survivability days | 生长适宜性 Suitability for growth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | |||||
YH | -1.375 | -0.342 | -0.942 | 4 | 159 | 不适宜Not suitable |
FH | 2.706 | 1.617 | 1.985 | 1 | 149 | 适宜Suitable |
FHW | -2.145 | 0.462 | -1.330 | 5 | 91 | 不适宜Not suitable |
WC | -2.333 | -0.016 | -1.519 | 6 | 102 | 不适宜Not suitable |
BL | 2.882 | 0.413 | 1.931 | 2 | >730 | 适宜Suitable |
YQ | 0.265 | -2.134 | -0.126 | 3 | >365 | 较适宜Acceptable |
试验点 Test site | OM/(g·kg-1) | AN/(mg·kg-1) | AP/(mg·kg-1) | AK/(mg·kg-1) | pH | EC/(dS·m-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YH | 15.68±2.86 ab | 45.81±5.70 ab | 2.08±0.13 b | 193.53±12.60 b | 4.79±0.22 d | 4.96±3.39 cd |
FH | 24.08±3.18 a | 35.00±3.76 bc | 2.71±0.22 a | 468.50±89.06 a | 8.16±0.14 a | 9.86±1.49 b |
FHM | 6.92±1.42 b | 20.07±4.80 c | 2.22±0.17 ab | 58.67±13.40 c | 5.64±0.14 c | 7.95±0.51 bc |
WC | 22.85±9.40 a | 54.13±18.64 a | 2.20±0.52 ab | 239.22±115.30 b | 5.19±0.54 cd | 3.18±0.36 d |
BL | 10.05±0.58 b | 20.30±0.70 c | 2.46±0.34 ab | 135.33±5.51 bc | 7.60±0.25 b | 9.51±1.23 b |
YQ | 15.32±1.65 ab | 18.43±1.46 c | 2.16±0.31 ab | 469.33±21.36 a | 7.87±0.07 ab | 14.28±3.37 a |
表5 各试验点的土壤理化性质
Table 5 Physiochemical properties of test sites
试验点 Test site | OM/(g·kg-1) | AN/(mg·kg-1) | AP/(mg·kg-1) | AK/(mg·kg-1) | pH | EC/(dS·m-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YH | 15.68±2.86 ab | 45.81±5.70 ab | 2.08±0.13 b | 193.53±12.60 b | 4.79±0.22 d | 4.96±3.39 cd |
FH | 24.08±3.18 a | 35.00±3.76 bc | 2.71±0.22 a | 468.50±89.06 a | 8.16±0.14 a | 9.86±1.49 b |
FHM | 6.92±1.42 b | 20.07±4.80 c | 2.22±0.17 ab | 58.67±13.40 c | 5.64±0.14 c | 7.95±0.51 bc |
WC | 22.85±9.40 a | 54.13±18.64 a | 2.20±0.52 ab | 239.22±115.30 b | 5.19±0.54 cd | 3.18±0.36 d |
BL | 10.05±0.58 b | 20.30±0.70 c | 2.46±0.34 ab | 135.33±5.51 bc | 7.60±0.25 b | 9.51±1.23 b |
YQ | 15.32±1.65 ab | 18.43±1.46 c | 2.16±0.31 ab | 469.33±21.36 a | 7.87±0.07 ab | 14.28±3.37 a |
图2 土壤理化性质与四翅滨藜生长情况的相关性 ADM,地上部干物质质量;BDM,地下部干物质质量;Chl,叶绿素含量;RL,根长;PH,株高;BN,分枝数;OM,土壤有机质含量;ASN,土壤碱解氮含量;AK,土壤速效钾含量;AP,土壤有效磷含量;EC,土壤电导率。下同。a~f依次对应于余杭、奉化、奉化(山)、婺城、北仑、乐清试验点的结果。标“*”的表示具有显著(P<0.05)相关性。
Fig.2 Correlations of soil physicochemical properties and the growth of Atriplex canescens ADM, Aboveground dry matter weight; BDM, Underground dry matter weight; Chl, Chlorophyll content; RL, Root length; PH, Plant height; BN, Branching number; OM, Soil organic matter content; AN, Soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content; AP, Soil available phosphorus content; AK, Soil available potassium content; EC, Electrical conductivity. The same as below. a-f show the results at the test site of Yuhang, Fenghua, Fenghua (mountain), Wucheng, Beilun, Yueqing in sequence. “*” indicates significant (P<0.05) correlation.
图3 四翅滨藜生长成活与环境因子的冗余分析 SR,成活率;MR,存活率;AR,年降雨量;Max MR,月最高降雨量;Min MR,月最低降雨量。
Fig.3 Redundancy analysis result of the survival and growth of Atriplex canescens and environmental factors SR, Survival rate; MR, Maintenance rate; AR, Annual precipitation; Max MR, Maximum monthly precipitation; Min MR, Minimum monthly precipitation.
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