月季黑斑病病原菌的生物学特性与品种抗性评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240194

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1087-1096.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240194

月季黑斑病病原菌的生物学特性与品种抗性评价

王超¹(), 李艳杰¹, 牛芸¹, 温联好¹, 陈晶晶¹, 吴红芝², 杨玉勇³, 吴艳迪¹^,^*()

1.西南林业大学云南省功能性花卉资源及产业化技术工程研究中心,国家林业和草原局西南风景园林工程技术研究中心,云南省观赏草集成利用国际联合研发中心,云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明 650224
2.云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明 650201
3.昆明杨月季园艺有限责任公司,云南昆明 650503

收稿日期:2024-02-29 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:王超(1980—),男,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,研究方向为园林植物资源与应用。E-mail:47188127@qq.com
通讯作者: *吴艳迪,E-mail: wu1173852528@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000407);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023Y0749);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AE090028)

Biological characterization of black spot pathogens in Rosa chinensis and evaluation of varietal resistance

WANG Chao¹(), LI Yanjie¹, NIU Yun¹, WEN Lianhao¹, CHEN Jingjing¹, WU Hongzhi², YANG Yuyong³, WU Yandi¹^,^*()

1. Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Research Center for Landscape Architecture Engineering (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
3. Kunming Yang Chinese Rose Gardening Co., Ltd., Kunming 650503, China

Received:2024-02-29 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确2种月季黑斑病病原菌的生物学特性和32个月季品种的抗病性,以分离得到的2种黑斑病病原菌——链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和蔷薇拟日规壳菌(Gnomoniopsis rosae)为病原菌,采用菌丝生长速率法对2种病原菌的生物学特性进行研究,采用离体叶片接种法对32个月季品种进行抗病性评价。结果表明:温度、pH值、碳源、氮源、光照、培养基影响2种病原菌的菌丝生长。A. alternata的最适生长条件如下:25 ℃,pH值6,碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨,光照条件为12 h光照-12 h黑暗或24 h全光照,培养基为月季叶片煎汁培养基。G. rosae的最适生长条件如下:25 ℃,pH值6,碳源为蔗糖或葡萄糖,氮源为甘氨酸,光照条件为12 h光照-12 h黑暗,培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基或月季叶片煎汁培养基。A. alternata和G. rosae菌丝的致死温度均为55 ℃(10 min)。供试的月季品种中:纽约、福禄考美地兰等12个月季品种被评定为免疫品种,对这2种病原菌具有较强的抗性和免疫作用;象牙时尚、吉普赛男孩等5个品种被鉴定为感病或严重感病(SS)品种,对这2种病原菌的抗性较差。研究结果可为云南省月季黑斑病的防治及月季抗病品种的培育提供参考。

关键词: 月季黑斑病, 链格孢菌, 蔷薇拟日规壳菌, 生物学特性, 抗病性评价

Abstract:

To characterize the biological characteristics of two pathogens of black spot disease of Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) and to identify the disease resistance of 32 varieties of Chinese rose, two pathogens, Alternaria alternata and Gnomoniopsis rosae, were isolated as the pathogen materials. The mycelial growth rate method was used to characterize the biological properties of the two pathogens, and the disease resistance experiments were carried out on 32 Chinese rose varieties individually using the isolated leaf inoculation method. The results showed that temperature, pH, carbon source, nitrogen source and light condition, as well as culture media affected the mycelial growth of the two pathogens. The optimal growth conditions for A. alternata was as follows: 25 ℃, pH of 6, carbon sources of glucose, nitrogen source of protein peptone, 12 h light-12 h dark or 24 h full light, decoction medium of rose leaves. The optimal growth conditions for G. rosae was as follows: 25 ℃, pH of 6, carbon source of sucrose or glucose, nitrogen source of glycine, 12 h light-12 h dark, decoction medium of rose leaves or PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. The lethal temperature of mycelium was 55 ℃ (10 min) for both A. alternate and G. rosae. Among the 32 Chinese rose varieties, 12 varieties, including New York and Fulu Comedian, were identified as immunity varieties, with strong resistance and immunity to the two pathogens; while five varieties, including Ivory Fashion and Gypsy Boy, were identified as susceptible or severely susceptible varieties, with poor resistance to the two pathogens. These results could provide reference for the prevention and control of black spot disease and the cultivation of disease-resistant rose varieties in Yunnan Province of China.

Key words: black spot disease of Rosa chinensis, Alternaria alternate, Gnomoniopsis rosae, biological characteristics, disease resistance evaluation

中图分类号:

王超, 李艳杰, 牛芸, 温联好, 陈晶晶, 吴红芝, 杨玉勇, 吴艳迪. 月季黑斑病病原菌的生物学特性与品种抗性评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 1087-1096.

WANG Chao, LI Yanjie, NIU Yun, WEN Lianhao, CHEN Jingjing, WU Hongzhi, YANG Yuyong, WU Yandi. Biological characterization of black spot pathogens in Rosa chinensis and evaluation of varietal resistance[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 1087-1096.

图/表 8

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θ/℃	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
θ/℃	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
5	0 f	0.30±0.20 e
10	1.92±0.19 e	1.26±0.29 d
15	4.50±0.05 c	2.22±0.42 c
20	5.40±0.28 b	3.12±0.12 b
25	5.96±0.32 a	5.82±0.19 a
30	5.00±0.17 bc	1.74±0.04 cd
35	3.84±0.18 d	0.60±0.03 e
40	2.12±0.31 e	0 e

θ/℃	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
θ/℃	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
5	0 f	0.30±0.20 e
10	1.92±0.19 e	1.26±0.29 d
15	4.50±0.05 c	2.22±0.42 c
20	5.40±0.28 b	3.12±0.12 b
25	5.96±0.32 a	5.82±0.19 a
30	5.00±0.17 bc	1.74±0.04 cd
35	3.84±0.18 d	0.60±0.03 e
40	2.12±0.31 e	0 e

pH	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
pH	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
4	7.36±0.16 a	4.90±0.13 b
5	7.00±0.14 a	5.64±0.31 a
6	8.10±0.17 a	5.72±0.10 a
7	6.16±0.30 b	5.56±0.02 a
8	5.74±0.04 b	5.56±0.07 a
9	4.92±0.17 c	4.16±0.24 c
10	5.80±0.16 b	3.80±0.18 c

pH	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
pH	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
4	7.36±0.16 a	4.90±0.13 b
5	7.00±0.14 a	5.64±0.31 a
6	8.10±0.17 a	5.72±0.10 a
7	6.16±0.30 b	5.56±0.02 a
8	5.74±0.04 b	5.56±0.07 a
9	4.92±0.17 c	4.16±0.24 c
10	5.80±0.16 b	3.80±0.18 c

碳源 Carbon source	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
碳源 Carbon source	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
麦芽糖Maltose	6.10±0.10 c	4.34±0.17 b
淀粉Starch	6.46±0.13 bc	3.96±0.12 cd
蔗糖Sucrose	7.72±0.12 b	5.80±0.18 a
木糖Xylose	3.20±0.12 e	3.88±0.05 cd
葡萄糖Glucose	8.20±0.25 a	5.92±0.10 a
果糖Fructose	5.38±0.15 d	4.00±0.11 bc
无碳源No carbon	3.02±0.02 e	1.60±0.05 d

月季黑斑病病原菌的生物学特性与品种抗性评价

Biological characterization of black spot pathogens in Rosa chinensis and evaluation of varietal resistance

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氮源 Nitrogen source	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
氮源 Nitrogen source	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
硝酸钠Sodium nitrate	5.04±0.10 d	1.80±0.01 c
蛋白胨Protein peptone	7.60±0.21 a	5.00±0.89 b
硝酸钾Potassium nitrate	7.20±0.20 bc	5.38±0.10 ab
牛肉膏Beef extract	7.40±0.46 b	5.44±0.75 ab
甘氨酸Glycine	5.56±0.37 cd	6.50±0.03 a
无氮源No nitrogen	5.00±0.06 d	1.80±0.03 c

光照条件 Light condition	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
光照条件 Light condition	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
12 h光照-12 h黑暗 12 h light-12 h dark	7.84±0.14 a	6.26±0.02 a
24 h全黑暗 24 h full dark	5.14±0.54 b	4.38±0.11 c
24 h全光照 24 h full light	7.54±0.15 a	5.02±0.07 b

培养基 Culture media	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm
培养基 Culture media	链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata	蔷薇拟日规壳菌 Gnomoniopsis rosae
OMA	6.38±0.12 b	2.84±0.15 b
CMA	5.12±0.06 c	2.90±0.17 b
LB	6.04±0.49 b	2.24±0.08 b
PDA	6.40±0.23 b	6.64±0.42 a
YJ	7.50±0.10 a	6.30±0.09 a

品种 Variety	对链格孢菌的抗性Resistance to Alternaria alternata				对蔷薇拟日规壳菌的抗性Resistance to Gnomoniopsis rosae
品种 Variety	发病率 Incidence/%	病级代表值 Disease level representative values	病情指数 Disease index	抗病性级别 Resistance level	发病率 Incidence/%	病级代表值 Disease level representative values	病情指数 Disease index	抗病性级别 Resistance level
纽约New York	3	0	0	I	2	0	0	I
红龙沙宝石Red Eden	80	4	56	SS	4	0	0	I
北京红Beijinghong	5	0	0	I	60	3	42	S
福禄考美地兰Fulu Comedian	5	0	0	I	5	0	0	I
莉莉贝特Lily Bate	0	0	0	I	2	0	0	I
男爵夫人Baronesse	0	0	0	I	0	0	0	I
萨尔曼莎Salmanasar	10	1	14	MR	5	0	0	I
象牙时尚Ivory Fashion	85	4	57	SS	80	4	56	SS
吉普赛男孩Gypsy Boy	30	2	28	S	50	2	28	S
蝴蝶泉Hudiequan	4	0	0	I	0	0	0	I
单瓣浅粉月月红Single Pink China	0	0	0	I	20	1	14	MR
昔日荣光Reine Victoria	15	1	14	MR	25	1	14	MR
甜蜜马车Sweet Chariot	0	0	0	I	5	0	0	I
藤冰山Iceberg	0	0	0	I	15	1	14	MR
极品红Jipinhong	0	0	0	I	30	2	28	S
墨葵Mokui	25	1	14	MR	20	1	14	MR
桃花征服Taohua Zhengfu	5	0	0	I	5	0	0	I
杏花春雨Xinghua Chunyu	2	0	0	I	5	0	0	I
亚伯拉罕Abraham	5	0	0	I	2	0	0	I
黎明大合唱Liming Dahechang	10	1	14	MR	65	3	42	S
金缨子Laevigata Michx	5	0	0	I	8	1	14	MR
桃花香水Sweet Taohua	56	3	42	S	85	4	57	SS
小叶富宁Parvifolia	8	1	14	MR	65	3	42	S
大花香水Gigantea Coll	82	4	56	SS	78	4	56	SS
粉黛塔Fen Dai Ta	4	0	0	I	45	2	27	S
长梗粉团Changgeng Fentuan	26	2	28	S	20	1	14	MR
小金樱Xiaojinying	0	0	0	I	6	0	0	I
藤小伊甸园Mimi Eden	0	0	0	I	5	0	0	I
重瓣红Chongban Hong	5	0	0	I	18	1	14	MR
淡妆Perle d'Or	75	4	55	SS	68	3	41	S
粉色达芬奇Leonardo da Vinci	0	0	0	I	24	1	13	MR
半重瓣白Banchongban Bai	5	0	0	I	0	0	0	I

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