高粱弯孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性研究及防治药剂筛选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240353

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1492-1500.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240353

高粱弯孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性研究及防治药剂筛选

沈国强¹(), 汪明德², 关雅文¹, 武军³^,^*(), 王汉荣³^,^*()

1.绍兴市农业科学研究院,浙江绍兴 312000
2.浙江省开化县农业技术推广中心,浙江开化 324000
3.浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2024-04-12 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-20
作者简介:沈国强(1967—),男,浙江绍兴人,高级农艺师,主要从事农作物病虫草害防治研究及推广工作。E-mail:13806741695@139.com
通讯作者: ^*武军,E-mail: windows5009@sina.com;
王汉荣,E-mail: ZJNKYJJBH@hotmail.com

Identification, biological characteristics and control agents screening of pathogens of curvular leaf spot disease of sorghum

SHEN Guoqiang¹(), WANG Mingde², GUAN Yawen¹, WU Jun³^,^*(), WANG Hanrong³^,^*()

1. Shaoxing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
2. Zhejiang Kaihua County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Kaihua 324000, Zhejiang, China
3. Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2024-04-12 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为鉴定引起高粱叶斑病的病原菌,从浙江省绍兴市平水镇采集发病的高粱叶片,进行病原菌分离、致病性测定和分子生物学测定,在不同碳源、氮源、温度、pH值和光照等条件下,测定高粱叶斑病病原菌的生物学特性,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定4种化学药剂对菌株的抑制作用和田间防治试验。结果显示,引起高粱叶斑病的病原菌为新月弯孢(Curvularia lunata),将分离菌株命名为GLYB3。菌株GLYB3可充分利用6种碳源,最适氮源为酵母粉,最适温度为25 ℃,最适pH值为7。30%己唑醇悬浮剂、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂、450 g·L^-1咪鲜胺水乳剂和50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂对GLYB3具有较强的抑制作用,EC₅₀值分别为0.001 6、0.001 9、0.003 1、0.007 8 mg·L^-1。田间防治试验表明,4种药剂的相对防治效果分别为79.0%、77.8%、79.5%和81.5%。

关键词: 高粱, 叶斑病, 生物学特性, 化学防治

Abstract:

To identify the pathogen causing sorghum leaf spot, diseased sorghum leaves were collected from Pingshui Town, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Pathogen isolation, pathogenicity tests, and molecular biological identification were conducted. The biological characteristics of the pathogen were determined under different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperatures, pH values and light conditions. The sensitivities of the pathogen to different fungicides were tested by hyphal growth rate method. The results showed that the pathogen causing sorghum leaf spot was Curvularia lunata, and the isolated strain was designated GLYB3. Strain GLYB3 could make full use of six carbon sources, the most suitable nitrogen source was yeast powder, the optimal temperature was 25 ℃, and the optimal pH value was 7. 30% hexaconazole suspension, 43% fluopyram trifloxystrobin·suspension, 450 g·L^-1 prochloraz aqueous emulsion and 50% acetimidamine water dispersible granules had a strongly inhibitory effect on GLYB3, with EC₅₀ values of 0.001 6, 0.001 9, 0.003 1, 0.007 8 mg·L^-1, respectively. The field control experiments showed that the relative control efficiency of the four fungicides were 79.0%, 77.8%, 79.5% and 81.5%, respectively.

Key words: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), leaf spot, biological characteristics, chemical control

中图分类号:

S435.14

沈国强, 汪明德, 关雅文, 武军, 王汉荣. 高粱弯孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性研究及防治药剂筛选[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1492-1500.

SHEN Guoqiang, WANG Mingde, GUAN Yawen, WU Jun, WANG Hanrong. Identification, biological characteristics and control agents screening of pathogens of curvular leaf spot disease of sorghum[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(7): 1492-1500.

图/表 8

参考文献 23

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碳源 Carbon source	菌落直径 Colony diameter	氮源 Nitrogen source	菌落直径 Colony diameter
蔗糖Source	3.57±0.06 a	酵母粉Yeast powder	3.42±0.09 a
葡萄糖Glucose	3.55±0.04 a	L-丙氨酸L-alanine	3.37±0.02 ab
可溶性淀粉Soluble starch	3.55±0.08 a	硝酸钾Potassium nitrate	3.25±0.08 b
木糖Xylose	3.55±0.16 a	牛肉粉Beef extract powder	3.18±0.12 b
肌醇Inositol	3.53±0.02 a	胰蛋白胨Tryptone	2.30±0.15 c
果糖Fructose	3.50±0.04 a	硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	0.50±0.01 d
对照组Control	3.55±0.01 a	对照组Control	3.42±0.09 a

碳源 Carbon source	菌落直径 Colony diameter	氮源 Nitrogen source	菌落直径 Colony diameter
蔗糖Source	3.57±0.06 a	酵母粉Yeast powder	3.42±0.09 a
葡萄糖Glucose	3.55±0.04 a	L-丙氨酸L-alanine	3.37±0.02 ab
可溶性淀粉Soluble starch	3.55±0.08 a	硝酸钾Potassium nitrate	3.25±0.08 b
木糖Xylose	3.55±0.16 a	牛肉粉Beef extract powder	3.18±0.12 b
肌醇Inositol	3.53±0.02 a	胰蛋白胨Tryptone	2.30±0.15 c
果糖Fructose	3.50±0.04 a	硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	0.50±0.01 d
对照组Control	3.55±0.01 a	对照组Control	3.42±0.09 a

药剂 Fungicide	质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L^-1)	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%	毒力回归方程 Toxicity equation	EC₅₀/(mg·L^-1)	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination
30%己唑醇悬浮剂	10^-4	44.34	y=0.194 3x+1.235 0	0.001 6	0.966 9
30% hexaconazole suspension	10^-3	63.91
	10^-2	91.30
	10^-1	100
43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂	10^-4	23.66	y=0.203 6x+1.107 1	0.001 9	0.934 2
43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin	10^-3	49.11
suspension	10^-2	77.23
	10^-1	100
	1	100
450 g·L^-1咪鲜胺水乳剂	10^-4	12.79	y=0.237 0x+1.116 9	0.003 1	0.940 4
450 g·L^-1 prochloraz aqueous	10^-3	37.44
emulsion	10^-2	71.23
	10^-1	100
	1	100
50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂	10^-4	16.74	y=0.187 9x+0.927 2	0.007 8	0.981 0
50% acetimidamine water	10^-3	39.33
dispersible granules	10^-2	49.79
	10^-1	79.08
	1	90.80

药剂 Fungicide	质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L^-1)	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%	毒力回归方程 Toxicity equation	EC₅₀/(mg·L^-1)	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination
30%己唑醇悬浮剂	10^-4	44.34	y=0.194 3x+1.235 0	0.001 6	0.966 9
30% hexaconazole suspension	10^-3	63.91
	10^-2	91.30
	10^-1	100
43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂	10^-4	23.66	y=0.203 6x+1.107 1	0.001 9	0.934 2
43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin	10^-3	49.11
suspension	10^-2	77.23
	10^-1	100
	1	100
450 g·L^-1咪鲜胺水乳剂	10^-4	12.79	y=0.237 0x+1.116 9	0.003 1	0.940 4
450 g·L^-1 prochloraz aqueous	10^-3	37.44
emulsion	10^-2	71.23
	10^-1	100
	1	100
50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂	10^-4	16.74	y=0.187 9x+0.927 2	0.007 8	0.981 0
50% acetimidamine water	10^-3	39.33
dispersible granules	10^-2	49.79
	10^-1	79.08
	1	90.80

处理 Treatment	施药前平均病情指数 Average disease index before application	施药2次后10 d 10 days after 2 times of application
处理 Treatment	施药前平均病情指数 Average disease index before application	平均病情指数 Average disease index	相对防治效果平均值 Average value of relative control efficiency/%
30%己唑醇悬浮剂1 000倍液 30% hexaconazole suspension 1 000 times	1.39	1.84	79.0
43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂1 500倍液 43%fluopyram·trifloxystrobin suspension 1 500 times	1.32	1.85	77.8
450 g·L^-1咪鲜胺水乳剂1 000倍液 450 g·L^-1 prochloraz aqueous emulsion 1 000 times	1.44	1.85	79.5
50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂1 000倍液 50% acetimidamine water dispersible granules 1 000 times	1.50	1.79	81.5
对照组Control group	1.47	9.23	/

高粱弯孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性研究及防治药剂筛选

Identification, biological characteristics and control agents screening of pathogens of curvular leaf spot disease of sorghum

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