植物质体肽聚糖的合成与生物学作用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250214

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2441-2448.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250214

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植物质体肽聚糖的合成与生物学作用研究进展

施怡(), 李栋栋()

浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州 310058

收稿日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
作者简介:施怡(2004—),女,浙江温州人,本科生,研究方向为园艺作物品质调控。E-mail:3220103517@zju.edu.cn
通讯作者: ^*李栋栋,E-mail:ddli@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金(LQ24C020001);浙江大学“启真问学”创新项目

Progress in the synthesis and biological functions of peptidoglycans in plant plastids

SHI Yi(), LI Dongdong()

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2025-03-20 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肽聚糖(peptidoglycan, PG)是细菌细胞壁的重要组成成分,其生物合成由一系列酶催化调控。2006年以来,研究发现在小立碗藓等早期陆生植物叶绿体膜上存在肽聚糖,且其合成酶的编码基因在小立碗藓、番茄等植物基因组中仍保守存在。PG影响小立碗藓叶绿体的分裂,敲除PG合成酶编码基因导致植物产生巨型叶绿体。在种子植物中,PG是否存在质体并发挥类似调控分裂功能尚不明确。虽然对PG在植物叶绿体中的生物学作用取得了一定的认识,但其生理意义与分子机制还有待阐明。此外,D-氨基酸作为PG的重要组成成分,其合成、代谢和转运可能与PG合成有关。可视化检测技术的应用也促进了植物质体PG生物学研究的发展。未来研究值得关注肽聚糖在种子植物中是否存在及其生物学作用与机制。

关键词: 植物, 肽聚糖, 质体, D-氨基酸, 可视化

Abstract:

Peptidoglycan (PG) is an important component of the bacterial cell wall, and its biosynthesis is catalyzed by a series of enzymes. Since 2006, studies have shown that peptidoglycans are also present in chloroplast membranes of early land plants including Physcomitrium patens, and the genes encoding enzymes in PG biosynthesis pathway are well-conserved in the genomes of plants such as P. patens and tomato. PG tightly affects the division of chloroplasts and disrupting the functions of the PG biosynthetic genes leads to the development of giant chloroplasts in plants. In seed plants, whether PG is present in plastids and functions similarly in regulating cell division remains unclear. Despite that our knowledge about the biological roles of PG in plant chloroplasts has expanded, its physiological significance and the molecular mechanism remain to be elucidated. In addition, as the key material compositions of PG, the synthesis, metabolism and transport of D-amino acids may also influence PG synthesis. The application of visual detection technology also promotes the development of PG biology in plant plastids. Whether peptidoglycan exists in seed plants, and what are the biological functions and mechanisms of peptidoglycan in seed plants, should be investigated in the near future.

Key words: plant, peptidoglycan, plastid, D-amino acid, visualization

中图分类号:

Q942

施怡, 李栋栋. 植物质体肽聚糖的合成与生物学作用研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2441-2448.

SHI Yi, LI Dongdong. Progress in the synthesis and biological functions of peptidoglycans in plant plastids[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2441-2448.

图/表 2

图1 肽聚糖合成途径、肽聚糖合成基因保守性和肽聚糖合成基因敲除系代表性表型 a,细菌肽聚糖生物合成途径,参考文献[15];b,小立碗藓、拟南芥等植物保留的细菌肽聚糖合成同源基因,参考文献[16],绿色或空白分别表示保留或无同源基因,星号表示潜在的青霉素结合蛋白;c,小立碗藓和地钱的肽聚糖合成基因敲除系均呈现巨型叶绿体表型,参考修改自文献[5,17-18]。

Fig.1 The peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway, conservation of peptidoglycan synthesis genes, and representative phenotype of peptidoglycan synthesis gene knockout lines a, Bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway (modified from literature [15]); b, Homologous genes for bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis retained in plants such as Physcomitrium patens and Arabidopsis thaliana(based on literature [16]), green boxes or blanks indicate the presence or absence of homologous genes, respectively, asterisks denote potential penicillin-binding protein (PBP); c, Knockout mutants of peptidoglycan synthesis pathway genes in P. patens and Marchantia polymorpha both show giant chloroplast phenotypes (modified from literatures [5,17-18]).

表1 植物中肽聚糖的相关研究

Table 1 Research progress on peptidoglycans in plants

物种 Species	基因 Gene	表型 Phenotype	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	参考文献 Reference
小立碗藓Physcomitrella patens	PpMurA	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	叶绿体、细胞质Chloroplast, cytoplasm	[5,17]
	PpMurE	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	叶绿体Chloroplast	[5]
	PpDDL	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	叶绿体Chloroplast	[15]
	PpMraY	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	叶绿体Chloroplast	[17]
	PpMurJ	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	?	[19]
	PpPBP	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	叶绿体Chloroplast	[5]
地钱Marchantia polymorpha	MpMurA	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	?	[18]
	MpMurF	巨型叶绿体Giant chloroplast	?	[18]
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMurE	白化幼苗表型Albino seedlings	叶绿体Chloroplast	[20-21]
	AtDDL	无明显表型No obvious phenotype	?	[15]

参考文献 36

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植物质体肽聚糖的合成与生物学作用研究进展

Progress in the synthesis and biological functions of peptidoglycans in plant plastids

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