微塑料对植物影响的研究现状、未来展望与植物激素抵抗微塑料的分子生物学机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240870

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1595-1604.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240870

• 综述 • 上一篇

微塑料对植物影响的研究现状、未来展望与植物激素抵抗微塑料的分子生物学机制

赵泓雨¹^,²(), 周宇杰³, 李建忠⁴, 郑涵¹^,², 毕继安⁵, 余初浪⁶, 周宇航²^,⁶, 侯凡⁷, 戴彬凤⁸, 钟列权⁸, 严成其⁵, 张海鹏¹, 杨勇², 陈剑平⁶^,^*(), 王成雨¹^,^*()

1.安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥 230036
2.浙江省农业科学院病毒学与生物技术研究所,农产品质量安全全国重点实验室,农业农村部和浙江省植保生物技术重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021
3.诸暨市农业技术推广中心,浙江诸暨 311800
4.衢江区农业技术推广中心,浙江衢州 323000
5.宁波市农业科学研究院作物研究所,浙江宁波 315000
6.宁波大学植物病毒研究所,农产品质量安全全国重点实验室,农业农村部和浙江省植保生物技术重点实验室,浙江宁波 315211
7.浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司,浙江杭州 311200
8.台州市农业生态保护与质量安全中心,浙江台州 317000

收稿日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-20
作者简介:赵泓雨(1999—),女,河北邢台人,硕士,主要从事作物栽培和生理研究。E-mail:zhao15200156862@163.com
通讯作者: ^*陈剑平,E-mail:jianpingchen@nbu.edu.cn;
王成雨,E-mail:wangcy523@163.com
基金资助:
宁波市重点研发计划(2023Z124);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2022SNJF045);台州市农业科技项目(TZNY003)

Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics

ZHAO Hongyu¹^,²(), ZHOU Yujie³, LI Jianzhong⁴, ZHENG Han¹^,², BI Ji’an⁵, YU Chulang⁶, ZHOU Yuhang²^,⁶, HOU Fan⁷, DAI Binfeng⁸, ZHONG Liequan⁸, YAN Chengqi⁵, ZHANG Haipeng¹, YANG Yong², CHEN Jianping⁶^,^*(), WANG Chengyu¹^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
4. Qujiang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Quzhou 323000, Zhejiang, China
5. Institute of Crop Research, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
6. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
7. Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seeds Shareholding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311200, China
8. Taizhou Agroecological Protection and Quality Safety Center, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-10-15 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,塑料制品使用的持续增长导致微塑料污染问题日益严重。微塑料因其难降解性、小粒径、广泛分布且易被生物摄取等特性,对自然环境构成严重威胁。其中,微塑料对陆地生态系统,特别是农业生态系统的污染风险正受到广泛关注。高等植物作为生态系统中不可或缺的一环,在维持生态平衡中扮演着关键角色。本研究综述了微塑料的定义、来源及其进入植物途径,系统阐述了微塑料对高等植物生长和发育的具体影响,探讨了植物应对微塑料胁迫的生理响应及其对植物激素的调控作用,例如,微塑料进入植物可能导致控制有丝分裂关键基因CDC2的表达下调,扰乱植物生长周期;同时,影响GDT1、GDH2、GAD等参与植物三羧酸循环的关键基因的表达,并降低腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(ATP)的合成速率,进而影响光合作用。这些基因表达下调,最终损害植物必需的营养代谢过程。此外,本文还分析了微塑料影响植物激素的作用机制和植物抗氧化系统的响应。这些研究有助于深入理解微塑料对植物生物学的复杂效应。在此基础上,展望了未来的研究方向,并评估了微塑料污染的潜在生态风险。通过整合当前对微塑料影响植物生物学的认知,本研究旨在为微塑料污染的防控和管理提供科学依据,促进生态系统的可持续发展。总之,本综述不仅总结了当前关于微塑料影响高等植物生长发育的研究,还提出了新的研究思路,为应对微塑料污染挑战提供了重要参考。

关键词: 微塑料, 植物, 激素, 环境污染

Abstract:

In recent years, the continuous growth in the use of plastic products has led to an increasingly prominent problem of microplastic pollution. Due to their non-biodegradability, small particle size, wide distribution, and easy uptake by organisms, microplastics pose a serious threat to the natural environment. Among them, the pollution risk of microplastics to terrestrial ecosystems, especially agricultural ecosystems, is receiving increasing attention. Higher plants, as an indispensable part of the ecosystem, play a key role in maintaining ecological balance. This review summarizes the definition, sources, and entry pathways of microplastics into plants, comprehensively discusses on the specific impacts of microplastics on the growth and development of higher plants, and explores the physiological responses of plants to microplastic stress and their regulatory effects on plant hormones. For example, the entry of microplastics into plants may lead to the down-regulation of the expression of the key gene CDC2 that controls mitosis, disrupting the plant growth cycle; at the same time, it affects the expression of key genes such as GDT1, GDH2 and GAD involved in the plant tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduces the rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, thereby affecting photosynthesis. The down-regulation of these gene expressions ultimately damages the essential nutrient metabolism processes of plants. In addition, this article also analyzes the mechanism by which microplastics affect plant hormones and the responses of the plant antioxidant system. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex effects of microplastics on plant biology. On this basis, future research directions are prospected, and the potential ecological risks of microplastic pollution are evaluated. By integrating the current understanding of the impact of microplastics on plant biology, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control and management of microplastic pollution, and contribute to the sustainable development of ecosystems. In summary, this review not only summarizes the current research on the effects of microplastics on the growth and development of higher plants but also proposes new research ideas, providing an important reference for addressing the challenges of microplastic pollution.

Key words: microplastic, plant, hormone, environmental pollution

中图分类号:

X173

赵泓雨, 周宇杰, 李建忠, 郑涵, 毕继安, 余初浪, 周宇航, 侯凡, 戴彬凤, 钟列权, 严成其, 张海鹏, 杨勇, 陈剑平, 王成雨. 微塑料对植物影响的研究现状、未来展望与植物激素抵抗微塑料的分子生物学机制[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1595-1604.

ZHAO Hongyu, ZHOU Yujie, LI Jianzhong, ZHENG Han, BI Ji’an, YU Chulang, ZHOU Yuhang, HOU Fan, DAI Binfeng, ZHONG Liequan, YAN Chengqi, ZHANG Haipeng, YANG Yong, CHEN Jianping, WANG Chengyu. Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(7): 1595-1604.

图/表 2

参考文献 61

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对植物的影响 The impact on plants	分子机制 Molecular mechanism	相关基因 Related gene	参考文献 Reference
抑制有丝分裂,影响根系生长 Inhibit mitosis and affect root growth	下调细胞周期调节因子(CDC2);延长细胞周期时间 Down-regulate the cell cycle regulatory factor (CDC2); prolong the cell cycle time	CDC2	[34]
抗氧化系统作出响应 The antioxidant system responds	抑制CAT基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of the CAT gene	CAT	[35-36]
抑制三羧酸循环循环 Inhibit the tricarboxylic acid cycle	抑制参与三羧酸循环的蛋白质编码基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of protein-coding genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle	GDT1、GDH2、 GAD	[39]
抑制光合作用 Inhibit photosynthesis	阻碍电子传递和NADPH的还原,并抑制ATP合成酶的活性 Hinder electron transfer and the reduction of NADPH, and inhibit the activity of ATP synthase		[48]

对植物的影响 The impact on plants	分子机制 Molecular mechanism	相关基因 Related gene	参考文献 Reference
抑制有丝分裂,影响根系生长 Inhibit mitosis and affect root growth	下调细胞周期调节因子(CDC2);延长细胞周期时间 Down-regulate the cell cycle regulatory factor (CDC2); prolong the cell cycle time	CDC2	[34]
抗氧化系统作出响应 The antioxidant system responds	抑制CAT基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of the CAT gene	CAT	[35-36]
抑制三羧酸循环循环 Inhibit the tricarboxylic acid cycle	抑制参与三羧酸循环的蛋白质编码基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of protein-coding genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle	GDT1、GDH2、 GAD	[39]
抑制光合作用 Inhibit photosynthesis	阻碍电子传递和NADPH的还原,并抑制ATP合成酶的活性 Hinder electron transfer and the reduction of NADPH, and inhibit the activity of ATP synthase		[48]

微塑料对植物影响的研究现状、未来展望与植物激素抵抗微塑料的分子生物学机制

Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics

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