低温贮藏下梨果实代谢及其调控技术研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250237

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 824-836.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250237

• 综述 • 上一篇

低温贮藏下梨果实代谢及其调控技术研究进展

李文珏¹^,²(), 杜辰飞¹^,², 魏春艳², 蔡丹英², 王月志², 施泽彬², 戴美松²^,^*(), 徐凯¹^,^*()

¹ 浙江农林大学园艺科学学院, 浙江杭州 311300
² 浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所, 浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2025-03-24 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-08
作者简介:李文珏,研究方向为梨育种与品质形成机理。E-mail:lwj990707@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省果品新品种选育重点研发计划(2021C02066-5);国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系(CARS-28-03)

Research progress on metabolism and regulation technologies of pear fruit during low-temperature storage

LI Wenjue¹^,²(), DU Chenfei¹^,², WEI Chunyan², CAI Danying², WANG Yuezhi², SHI Zebin², DAI Meisong²^,^*(), XU Kai¹^,^*()

¹ College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
² Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2025-03-24 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

梨果实采后易因代谢失衡导致品质劣变,低温贮藏作为延缓果实衰老的关键技术,可有效维持果实品质。近年来,代谢组学被广泛应用于揭示不同梨品种在低温贮藏条件下的代谢变化。然而,不当低温或长期低温贮藏易诱发冷害,其分子机制涉及低温信号转导途径中转录因子对冷响应基因的级联调控,进而激活苯丙烷类代谢与活性氧清除系统,引起膜脂过氧化、能量代谢失衡和次生代谢物异常积累,最终导致梨果实褐变、木质化与香气丧失等典型品质劣变。因此,低温贮藏常需结合其他保鲜调控技术以缓解冷害。本文系统阐述了低温贮藏下梨果实的生理代谢动态及其分子调控网络,综述了近年来低温协同调控技术在冷害防控中的应用进展,并展望了基于多组学技术解析品质变化、开发精准调控技术的未来研究方向,以期为梨果实采后保鲜技术的优化提供理论依据。

关键词: 梨, 低温贮藏, 采后生物学, 代谢组学, 调控技术

Abstract:

Postharvest pears are prone to quality deterioration due to metabolic imbalances. Low-temperature storage is a crucial technique for delaying fruit senescence and maintaining quality. In recent years, metabolomics has been extensively used to reveal the metabolic changes in different pear varieties under low-temperature storage. However, inappropriate low temperatures or prolonged storage can induce cold stress. The molecular mechanisms involve the cascade regulation of cold-responsive genes by transcription factors in the low-temperature signal transduction pathway, subsequently triggering responses in phenylpropanoid metabolism and the reactive oxygen species scavenging system. These processes lead to membrane lipid peroxidation, energy metabolism imbalance, and abnormal accumulation of secondary metabolites, ultimately resulting in typical quality deterioration such as browning, lignification, and aroma loss. Therefore, low-temperature storage often requires combination with other preservation technologies to alleviate chilling injury. This article systematically elaborates on the physiological and metabolic dynamics of pear fruit under low-temperature storage and its molecular regulatory network, reviews the recent advances in the application of low-temperature synergistic technologies for chilling injury prevention and control, and prospects future research directions for analyzing quality changes and developing precise regulation technologies based on multi-omics technologies aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing postharvest preservation technologies for pear fruits.

Key words: pear, low-temperature storage, postharvest biology, metabonomics, regulation technology

中图分类号:

S661.2

李文珏, 杜辰飞, 魏春艳, 蔡丹英, 王月志, 施泽彬, 戴美松, 徐凯. 低温贮藏下梨果实代谢及其调控技术研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(4): 824-836.

LI Wenjue, DU Chenfei, WEI Chunyan, CAI Danying, WANG Yuezhi, SHI Zebin, DAI Meisong, XU Kai. Research progress on metabolism and regulation technologies of pear fruit during low-temperature storage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(4): 824-836.

图/表 1

图1 梨果实低温贮藏品质劣变模式图 PLD,磷脂酶D;LOX,脂氧合酶;MDA,丙二醛;ROS,活性氧;ATPase,ATP合酶;NDA,NADH脱氢酶;VPPase,液泡质子-无机焦磷酸酶;CAT,过氧化氢酶;POD,过氧化物酶;SOD,超氧化物歧化酶;ATP,腺苷三磷酸;PAL,苯丙氨酸解氨酶;PPO,多酚氧化酶;C4H,肉桂酸-4-羟化酶;4CL,对香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶;HCT,羟基肉桂酰基转移酶;CCR,肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶;CAD,肉桂醇脱氢酶;FAD,脂肪酸去饱和酶;HPL,氢过氧化物裂解酶;ADH,醇脱氢酶;AAT,醇酰基转移酶;PG,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶;PME,果胶甲酯酶;PL,果胶裂解酶;β-Gal,β-半乳糖苷酶。红色字体或红色背景标注的酶、基因和代谢物表示受低温诱导,绿色则表示受低温抑制。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of quality deterioration in pear fruits induced by cold storage PLD, Phospholipase D; LOX, Lipoxygenase; MDA, Malondialdehyde; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; ATPase, ATP synthase; NDA, NADH dehydrogenase; VPPase, Vacuoles-inorganic pyrophosphatase; CAT, Catalase; POD, Peroxidase; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; PAL, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PPO, Polyphenol oxidase; C4H, Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase; HCT, Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; CCR, Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CAD, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; FAD, Fatty acid desaturase; HPL, Hydroperoxide lyase; ADH, Alcohol dehydrogenase; AAT, Alcohol acyltransferase; PG, Polygalacturonase; PME, Pectin methylesterase; PL, Pectate lyase; β-Gal, β-Galactosidase. Enzymes, genes and metabolites marked in red font or with red backgrounds indicate those induced by low temperature, while those in green are suppressed by low temperature.

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低温贮藏下梨果实代谢及其调控技术研究进展

Research progress on metabolism and regulation technologies of pear fruit during low-temperature storage

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