浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 2224-2233.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.02
赵琳1(
), 叶夏芳2, 董韦2, 石江1, 骆乐谈1,*(
), 陆国权2,*(
)
收稿日期:2021-01-22
出版日期:2021-12-25
发布日期:2022-01-10
作者简介:骆乐谈,E-mail: 576267481@qq.com通讯作者:
骆乐谈,陆国权
基金资助:
ZHAO Lin1(
), YE Xiafang2, DONG Wei2, SHI Jiang1, LUO Letan1,*(
), LUO Guoquan2,*(
)
Received:2021-01-22
Online:2021-12-25
Published:2022-01-10
Contact:
LUO Letan,LUO Guoquan
摘要:
贮藏过程中甘薯的品质会发生变化,为深入研究不同贮藏时期甘薯品质和淀粉特性的变化规律,分析淀粉型甘薯ZH1042、鲜食型甘薯ZZ1-358和对照品种心香在贮藏期间的营养品质与淀粉特性变化。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,不同类型甘薯的品质和淀粉特性变化规律不同。淀粉型甘薯在贮藏过程中失水率和腐烂率最高,心香在整个贮藏期的腐烂率最低。3个甘薯品种(系)的总淀粉酶活性和β-淀粉酶活性随着贮藏时间的延长呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势且差异显著。ZH1042淀粉含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量总体呈现先上升后下降趋势,整个贮藏期可溶性糖含量变化不显著,而蛋白质含量在贮藏100 d后显著下降。ZZ1-358淀粉含量呈现先下降后上升趋势,可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势,而蛋白质含量却先上升后下降又上升。心香的淀粉含量在贮藏100 d后显著上升,可溶性糖含量随着贮藏时间的延长而降低,蛋白质含量则随着贮藏时间的延长呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势,差异显著,由此可见,甘薯中淀粉含量的高低直接影响甘薯的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量。贮藏70~100 d,不同类型甘薯材料提取的淀粉纯度最高,最高黏度、最终黏度、回复值和热浆黏度在甘薯贮藏100 d时显著下降,甘薯中淀粉含量的高低能够直接影响可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,贮藏会改变甘薯淀粉X射线的衍射强度但不改变其晶体结构,贮藏时间不宜超过130 d。
中图分类号:
赵琳, 叶夏芳, 董韦, 石江, 骆乐谈, 陆国权. 贮藏期不同类型甘薯块根营养品质与淀粉特性变化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12): 2224-2233.
ZHAO Lin, YE Xiafang, DONG Wei, SHI Jiang, LUO Letan, LUO Guoquan. Changes of nutritional quality and starch properties of different types of sweet potato roots during storage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(12): 2224-2233.
图1 贮藏期间甘薯的失水率 柱上无相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig. 1 Water loss rate of sweet potato during storage Bars marked without the same lowercase letter indicated significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.
| 品种 Varieties | 贮藏期 Storage period/d | 最高黏度 Maximum viscosity/cp | 热浆黏度 Hot viscosity/cp | 崩解值 Disintegration value/cp | 最终黏度 Final viscosity/cp | 回复值 Reply value/cp | 峰值时间 Peak time/min | 糊化温度 Gelatinization temperature/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZH1042 | 40 | 4178.67± 69.87 h | 1729.33± 31.57 g | 2449.33± 59.37 j | 2584.00± 23.43 h | 854.67± 16.26 g | 4.53± 0.12 d | 81.27± 0.85 bc |
| 70 | 5826.00± 66.00 a | 2601.00± 109.00 a | 3223.00± 48.00 cde | 3777.67± 89.50 a | 1174.67± 17.50 b | 4.53± 0.01 d | 79.20± 0.05 fgh | |
| 100 | 4907.67± 86.50 de | 1799.00± 29.00 f | 3108.67± 116.50 f | 2730.00± 51.00 g | 931.00± 14.00 f | 4.60± 0.01 c | 78.80± 0.10 ghi | |
| 130 | 5220.00± 1.00 c | 1889.00± 16.00 e | 3331.00± 17.00 b | 3056.67± 22.50 d | 1167.67± 6.51 b | 4.53± 0.01 d | 77.75± 0.01 j | |
| 160 | 5388.00± 15.00 b | 1890.00± 7.00 e | 3498.00± 22.00 a | 3058.00± 3.00 d | 1168.00± 10.00 b | 4.53± 0.01 d | 78.45± 0.01 ij | |
| ZZ1-358 | 40 | 5371.00± 5.00 b | 2403.00± 21.00 b | 2968.00± 26.00 g | 3449.00± 46.00 b | 1046.00± 67.00 d | 4.77± 0.03 b | 83.02± 0.78 a |
| 70 | 4688.00± 83.00 g | 1987.67± 23.50 d | 2616.00± 144.00 i | 2975.67± 21.50 de | 978.00± 8.00 e | 4.83± 0.03 a | 81.45± 0.05 b | |
| 100 | 3734.67± 42.50 i | 1407.67± 9.50 i | 2327.00± 80.00 k | 2077.67± 11.50 i | 670.00± 12.00 h | 4.87± 0.01 a | 81.45± 0.01 b | |
| 130 | 5363.00± 7.00 b | 2096.67± 3.51 c | 3266.67± 3.51 bcd | 3065.67± 17.50 d | 969.00± 14.00 ef | 4.87± 0.01 a | 80.30± 0.40 de | |
| 160 | 4628.67± 3.51 g | 1833.00± 1.00 ef | 2795.67± 4.51 h | 2825.67± 4.51 fg | 992.67± 5.51 e | 4.84± 0.04 a | 80.70± 0.05 cd | |
| 心香 Xinxiang | 40 | 5247.00± 76.62 c | 2100.67± 34.53 c | 3146.33± 45.52 ef | 3251.33± 41.50 c | 1150.67± 17.56 b | 4.62± 0.04 c | 81.48± 0.75 b |
| 70 | 4805.67± 96.50 f | 1618.00± 61.00 h | 3187.67± 34.50 def | 2725.67± 285.50 g | 1107.67± 25.50 c | 4.52± 0.02 d | 80.00± 0.75 de | |
| 100 | 3168.00± 34.00 j | 833.67± 42.50 j | 2334.67± 75.50 k | 1344.00± 86.00 j | 510.67± 43.50 i | 4.43± 0.03 e | 78.53± 0.03 hi | |
| 130 | 4877.00± 6.00 ef | 1666.00± 10.00 gf | 3211.00± 16.00 def | 2815.67± 10.50 fg | 1149.67± 0.58 b | 4.60± 0.01 c | 79.60± 0.35 ef | |
| 160 | 4974.67± 30.50 d | 1654.00± 3.00 h | 3320.67± 27.50 bc | 2873.67± 6.51 ef | 1219.67± 3.51 a | 4.57± 0.04 cd | 79.28± 0.03 fg |
表1 贮藏期间鲜食甘薯淀粉的RVA特性
Table 1 RVA characteristics of starch from fresh sweet potato during storage
| 品种 Varieties | 贮藏期 Storage period/d | 最高黏度 Maximum viscosity/cp | 热浆黏度 Hot viscosity/cp | 崩解值 Disintegration value/cp | 最终黏度 Final viscosity/cp | 回复值 Reply value/cp | 峰值时间 Peak time/min | 糊化温度 Gelatinization temperature/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZH1042 | 40 | 4178.67± 69.87 h | 1729.33± 31.57 g | 2449.33± 59.37 j | 2584.00± 23.43 h | 854.67± 16.26 g | 4.53± 0.12 d | 81.27± 0.85 bc |
| 70 | 5826.00± 66.00 a | 2601.00± 109.00 a | 3223.00± 48.00 cde | 3777.67± 89.50 a | 1174.67± 17.50 b | 4.53± 0.01 d | 79.20± 0.05 fgh | |
| 100 | 4907.67± 86.50 de | 1799.00± 29.00 f | 3108.67± 116.50 f | 2730.00± 51.00 g | 931.00± 14.00 f | 4.60± 0.01 c | 78.80± 0.10 ghi | |
| 130 | 5220.00± 1.00 c | 1889.00± 16.00 e | 3331.00± 17.00 b | 3056.67± 22.50 d | 1167.67± 6.51 b | 4.53± 0.01 d | 77.75± 0.01 j | |
| 160 | 5388.00± 15.00 b | 1890.00± 7.00 e | 3498.00± 22.00 a | 3058.00± 3.00 d | 1168.00± 10.00 b | 4.53± 0.01 d | 78.45± 0.01 ij | |
| ZZ1-358 | 40 | 5371.00± 5.00 b | 2403.00± 21.00 b | 2968.00± 26.00 g | 3449.00± 46.00 b | 1046.00± 67.00 d | 4.77± 0.03 b | 83.02± 0.78 a |
| 70 | 4688.00± 83.00 g | 1987.67± 23.50 d | 2616.00± 144.00 i | 2975.67± 21.50 de | 978.00± 8.00 e | 4.83± 0.03 a | 81.45± 0.05 b | |
| 100 | 3734.67± 42.50 i | 1407.67± 9.50 i | 2327.00± 80.00 k | 2077.67± 11.50 i | 670.00± 12.00 h | 4.87± 0.01 a | 81.45± 0.01 b | |
| 130 | 5363.00± 7.00 b | 2096.67± 3.51 c | 3266.67± 3.51 bcd | 3065.67± 17.50 d | 969.00± 14.00 ef | 4.87± 0.01 a | 80.30± 0.40 de | |
| 160 | 4628.67± 3.51 g | 1833.00± 1.00 ef | 2795.67± 4.51 h | 2825.67± 4.51 fg | 992.67± 5.51 e | 4.84± 0.04 a | 80.70± 0.05 cd | |
| 心香 Xinxiang | 40 | 5247.00± 76.62 c | 2100.67± 34.53 c | 3146.33± 45.52 ef | 3251.33± 41.50 c | 1150.67± 17.56 b | 4.62± 0.04 c | 81.48± 0.75 b |
| 70 | 4805.67± 96.50 f | 1618.00± 61.00 h | 3187.67± 34.50 def | 2725.67± 285.50 g | 1107.67± 25.50 c | 4.52± 0.02 d | 80.00± 0.75 de | |
| 100 | 3168.00± 34.00 j | 833.67± 42.50 j | 2334.67± 75.50 k | 1344.00± 86.00 j | 510.67± 43.50 i | 4.43± 0.03 e | 78.53± 0.03 hi | |
| 130 | 4877.00± 6.00 ef | 1666.00± 10.00 gf | 3211.00± 16.00 def | 2815.67± 10.50 fg | 1149.67± 0.58 b | 4.60± 0.01 c | 79.60± 0.35 ef | |
| 160 | 4974.67± 30.50 d | 1654.00± 3.00 h | 3320.67± 27.50 bc | 2873.67± 6.51 ef | 1219.67± 3.51 a | 4.57± 0.04 cd | 79.28± 0.03 fg |
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