一株野生多脂鳞伞的鉴定、人工栽培与营养成分分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.13

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 2330-2338.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.13

一株野生多脂鳞伞的鉴定、人工栽培与营养成分分析

陈润臣(), 王艺凝, 刘潇文, 王红艳, 丁强, 王鸿磊^*()

中国农业大学烟台研究院,山东烟台 264670

收稿日期:2020-03-02 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-01-10
作者简介:* 王鸿磊,E-mail: whl197749@163.com
陈润臣(2000—),女,山东济南人,本科生,研究方向为设施农业科学与工程。E-mail: crcbwcxwngy@163.com
通讯作者: 王鸿磊
基金资助:
山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题;山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目(2014CXZ02-2);山东省产业体系食用菌烟台综合试验站(SDAIT-07-14);中国农业大学烟台研究院校级课题(YT201901);中国农业大学烟台研究院校级课题(YT201904)

Identification, artificial cultivation and nutritional analysis of wild Pholiota adiposa

CHEN Runchen(), WANG Yining, LIU Xiaowen, WANG Hongyan, DING Qiang, WANG Honglei^*()

Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China

Received:2020-03-02 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-01-10
Contact: WANG Honglei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为丰富食用菌栽培品种,采用形态学和分子生物学方法对一株野生鳞伞属真菌进行了鉴定,研究了菌丝的生物学特性,进行了人工栽培试验并测定了子实体的营养成分。结果显示:该鳞伞属真菌为多脂鳞伞;菌丝最适生长温度为25 ℃,最适生长pH值为5.0,最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是蔗糖、豆饼粉和MnSO₄;通过人工栽培成功获得子实体,从接种到采收约需70 d;子实体蛋白质含量为19.94%,多糖含量为5.14%,脂肪含量为2.32%,游离氨基酸含量为2.84%。

关键词: 多脂鳞伞, 生物学特性, 人工栽培, 营养成分

Abstract:

In order to enrich the cultivated varieties of edible fungi, a wild fungus was identified by morphological and molecular biological methods, biological characteristics of hyphae were studied, artificial cultivation experiments were carried out, and nutritional components of fruiting bodies were determined. The results showed that the fungus was identified as Pholiota adiposa. The optimal growth temperature was 25 ℃, the optimal pH value was 5.0, and the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic salt were sucrose, soybean cake powder and MnSO₄, respectively. Fruiting bodies were successfully cultivated from agricultural wastes such as sawdust and corncob, it took about 70 days from inoculation to harvest. Protein content, polysaccharide content, fat content and free amino acid content of fruit body were 19.94%, 5.14%, 2.32% and 2.84%, respectively.

Key words: Pholiota adiposa, biological characteristics, artificial cultivation, nutrient

中图分类号:

S646.1⁺9

陈润臣, 王艺凝, 刘潇文, 王红艳, 丁强, 王鸿磊. 一株野生多脂鳞伞的鉴定、人工栽培与营养成分分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12): 2330-2338.

CHEN Runchen, WANG Yining, LIU Xiaowen, WANG Hongyan, DING Qiang, WANG Honglei. Identification, artificial cultivation and nutritional analysis of wild Pholiota adiposa[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(12): 2330-2338.

图/表 11

图1 子实体形态学观察 A,菌盖正面;B,菌盖背面;C,菌柄横切;D,内菌幕和菌褶;E,子实体纵切。

Fig. 1 Morphological observation of fruiting body A,Cap;B, Back of cap;C, Transverse section of the stalk; D, Veil and gils; E, Longitudinal section of fruiting body.

图2 担孢子和孢子印

Fig.2 Basidiospores and spores print

图3 菌落和菌丝形态观察 A,菌落;B,菌丝与锁状联合(400×);C,无性孢子(400×)。

Fig. 3 Morphology observation of colony and mycelium A,Colony; B, Hyphae and clamp connections(400×);C, Spores(400×).

图4 根据28S rDNA D1、D2区序列构建的系统发育树

Fig.4 Phylogenetic tree constructed from sequences of D1 and D2 region of 28S rDNA

图5 多脂鳞伞EF-3在不同温度下的菌丝生长量柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig. 5 Mycelium productions of Pholiota adiposa EF-3 at different temperatures Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.

图6 多脂鳞伞EF-3在不同pH值下的菌丝生长量

Fig.6 Mycelium productions of Pholiota adiposa EF-3 at different pH values

图7 多脂鳞伞EF-3在不同碳源下的菌丝生长量 A, 葡萄糖; B, 蔗糖; C, 淀粉; D,玉米粉; E, 红糖; F, 糖蜜; G, 纤维素; H, 麦芽糖; I, 乳糖。

Fig. 7 Mycelium productions of Pholiota adiposa EF-3 with different carbon sources A,Glucose; B,Sucrose; C,Starch; D,Corn powder; E,Brown sugar; F,Molasses; G,Cellulose; H,Maltose; I,Lactose.

图8 多脂鳞伞EF-3在不同氮源下的菌丝生长量 A,氯化铵;B,硫酸铵;C,硝酸铵;D,硝酸钾;E,酵母浸粉;F,土豆浸粉;G,牛肉浸粉;H,蛋白胨;I,豆饼粉;J,胰蛋白胨;K,大豆蛋白胨。

Fig. 8 Mycelium productions of Pholiota adiposa EF-3 with different nitrogen sources A,Ammonium chloride; B,Ammonium sulfate; C,Ammonium nitrate; D,Potassium nitrate; E,Yeast extract powder; F,Potato powder; G,Beef extract powder; H,Peptone; I,Soybean cake powder; J,Tryptone; K,Soybean peptone.

图9 多脂鳞伞EF-3在不同无机盐下的菌丝生长量

Fig.9 Mycelium productions of Pholiota adiposa EF-3 with different inorganic salts

图10 多脂鳞伞EF-3栽培过程 A,现蕾;B,现蕾3 d;C,现蕾5 d;D,现蕾8 d;E,现蕾10 d;F,现蕾12 d。

Fig.10 Cultivation process of Pholiota adiposa EF-3 A, Fruiting body appeared; B, Three days after fruiting body appeared; C, Five days after fruiting body appeared; D, Eight days after fruiting body appeared; E, Ten days after the fruiting body appeared; F, 12 days after the fruiting body appeared.

图11 多脂鳞伞EF-3子实体营养成分和游离氨基酸组成 Asp,天冬氨酸;Glu,谷氨酸;Ser,丝氨酸;Thr,苏氨酸;Ala,丙氨酸;Tyr,酪氨酸;Ile,异亮氨酸;Phe,苯丙氨酸。

Fig.11 Nutrients and free amino acid contents of Pholiota adiposa EF-3fruitbody Asp,Aspartate; Glu,Glutamine; Ser,Serine; Thr,Threonine; Ala,Alanine; Tyr,Tyrosine; Ile,Isoleucine; Phe,Phenylalanine.

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一株野生多脂鳞伞的鉴定、人工栽培与营养成分分析

Identification, artificial cultivation and nutritional analysis of wild Pholiota adiposa

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