密度对不同株高油菜冠层结构与群体光合能力的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 419-427.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.01

密度对不同株高油菜冠层结构与群体光合能力的影响

李虹桥¹(), 赖莹¹, 母娜¹, 严红梅¹, 汤维群¹, 蒋小灵¹, 高雯¹, 吴永成¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.四川农业大学农学院,四川成都 611130
2.农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都 611130
3.作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2021-06-11 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-30
通讯作者: 吴永成
作者简介:*吴永成,E-mail: ycwu2002@163.com
李虹桥(1993—),男,陕西汉中人,博士研究生,主要从事油菜的轻简高效栽培研究。E-mail: lhq229321@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省农作物育种攻关栽培课题(2021YFYZ0005);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队(sccxtd2021-03)

Effect of plant density on canopy structure and population photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed with different plant heights

LI Hongqiao¹(), LAI Ying¹, MU Na¹, YAN Hongmei¹, TANG Weiqun¹, JIANG Xiaoling¹, GAO Wen¹, WU Yongcheng¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
3. Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2021-06-11 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: WU Yongcheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确甘蓝型油菜迟直播条件下不同种植密度的冠层结构与群体光合能力特征,采用两因素裂区试验设计,以不同种植密度(15万、30万、60万株·hm^-2,分别用D₁、D₂、D₃表示)为主因素,不同油菜品种(半矮秆油菜JS-1、高秆油菜川油36,分别用V₁和V₂表示)为副因素,在大田试验条件下测定植株群体的叶面积指数(LAI)、角果皮面积指数(PAI)、透光率、群体光合速率、生物量与籽粒产量。结果表明:在开花期,V₁的叶面积指数随密度增加呈先升后降趋势,V₂的叶面积指数随密度增加呈上升趋势;在籽粒灌浆期,角果皮面积指数随种植密度的增加而显著升高。在开花期,随种植密度的增加,V₁透光率变化不大,但V₂的透光率呈不断降低趋势;籽粒灌浆期种植密度的增加导致V₁与V₂的行间透光率显著降低。相同密度下V₁的透光率显著高于V₂。在开花期V₁D₃的群体光合速率为43.42 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,相比于D₁与D₂两个密度分别增加了27.33%、9.72%;在灌浆期V₁D₃的群体光合速率为28.24 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,相比于D₁与D₂两个密度分别增加了37.55%、7.05%。较高种植密度(D₂、D₃)下,V₁群体光合速率均显著高于V₂。综上,加大种植密度增加了迟直播油菜的群体光合面积指数,有利于构建良好的冠层结构,提高群体光合速率与籽粒产量。与高秆油菜(平均2 365.48 kg·hm^-2)相比,半矮秆油菜在迟直播高密度条件下具有较高的透光率和群体光合速率,同时其收获指数高,从而获得较高的籽粒产量(平均3 057.32 kg·hm^-2)。

关键词: 油菜, 光环境, 冠层结构, 群体光合能力, 株高, 密度

Abstract:

To explore the characteristics of canopy structure and population photosynthetic capacity of Brassica napus with different planting densities under the late direct sowing. A two-factor split plot design was adopted, under the rice-rapeseed rotation system in the Chengdu Plain, with different planting densities (150 000 plants·hm^-2, 300 000 plants·hm^-2, 600 000 plants·hm^-2 expressed as D₁, D₂, and D₃, respectively) as the main factor, and different rapeseed varieties (semi-dwarf rapeseed Jiayou JS-1 and high-stalk rapeseed Chuanyou 36, represented by V₁ and V₂, respectively) were secondary factors.Leaf area index (LAI), pod area index (PAI), light transmittance, population photosynthetic rate, biomass and grain yield of the plant population under the field experiment were measured. The results showed that during the flowering period, LAI of V₁ increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density, and LAI of V₂ increased with the increase of density;During grain grouting stage, PAI increased significantly with the increase of planting density. During the flowering stage, with the increase of planting density, transmittance of V₁ did not change significantly, while the transmittance of V₂ showed a decreasing trend; The increase of planting density at grain grouting stage resulted in a significant decrease in the transmittance between the rows of V₁ and V₂. And transmittance of V₁was significantly higher than that of V₂ under the same density.The population photosynthetic rate (photosynthetic rate of all rapeseed plants per unit area) of V₁D₃ in the flowering period was 43.42 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, which increased by 27.33% and 9.72% compared to D₁ and D₂; The population photosynthetic rate of V₁D₃ in the grouting period was 28.24 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, increased by 37.55% and 7.05%compared with D₁ and D₂. Population photosynthetic rate was V₁>V₂ and the differences were significant under higher planting density (D₂, D₃).In conclusion, increasing planting density stimulated the population photosynthetic area index of late direct seeding rapeseed, which was beneficial to the construction of good canopy structure, and enhanced population photosynthetic rate and grain yield of rapeseed. Compared with high-stalk rapeseed (average 2 365.48 kg·hm^-2), semi-dwarf rapeseed had higher population light transmittance and population photosynthetic rate, and higher harvest index under the late direct seeding and high density, which resulted in higher grain yield (average 3 057.32 kg·hm^-2).

Key words: rapeseed, light environment, canopy structure, population photosynthetic capacity, plant height, density

中图分类号:

S565.4

李虹桥, 赖莹, 母娜, 严红梅, 汤维群, 蒋小灵, 高雯, 吴永成. 密度对不同株高油菜冠层结构与群体光合能力的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(3): 419-427.

LI Hongqiao, LAI Ying, MU Na, YAN Hongmei, TANG Weiqun, JIANG Xiaoling, GAO Wen, WU Yongcheng. Effect of plant density on canopy structure and population photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed with different plant heights[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(3): 419-427.

图/表 4

参考文献 43

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密度 Density	品种 Variety	开花期Flowering period		灌浆期Grouting stage
密度 Density	品种 Variety	绿叶数 Number of green leaves	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	角果皮面积指数 Pod area index	角果层厚度 Pod layer thickness/cm
D₁	V₁	20.15±2.49 bc	4.68±0.31 d	5.88±0.71 c	131.67±4.47 a
D₂	V₁	19.29±2.31 cd	7.19±0.23 a	5.95±0.52 bc	94.44±11.54 d
D₃	V₁	17.11±1.15 d	6.55±0.31 ab	6.35±0.91 b	91.67±11.69 d
D₁	V₂	23.08±4.19 a	5.69±0.54 c	4.51±0.63 d	117.06±15.40 b
D₂	V₂	22.40±2.13 ab	6.37±0.18 bc	7.43±0.63 a	110.67±15.40 bc
D₃	V₂	19.76±2.70 bc	6.67±0.50 ab	7.84±0.72 a	107.39±11.04 c

密度 Density	品种 Variety	开花期Flowering period		灌浆期Grouting stage
密度 Density	品种 Variety	绿叶数 Number of green leaves	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	角果皮面积指数 Pod area index	角果层厚度 Pod layer thickness/cm
D₁	V₁	20.15±2.49 bc	4.68±0.31 d	5.88±0.71 c	131.67±4.47 a
D₂	V₁	19.29±2.31 cd	7.19±0.23 a	5.95±0.52 bc	94.44±11.54 d
D₃	V₁	17.11±1.15 d	6.55±0.31 ab	6.35±0.91 b	91.67±11.69 d
D₁	V₂	23.08±4.19 a	5.69±0.54 c	4.51±0.63 d	117.06±15.40 b
D₂	V₂	22.40±2.13 ab	6.37±0.18 bc	7.43±0.63 a	110.67±15.40 bc
D₃	V₂	19.76±2.70 bc	6.67±0.50 ab	7.84±0.72 a	107.39±11.04 c

种植密度 Density	品种 Variety	开花期Flowering stage		灌浆期Grouting stage
种植密度 Density	品种 Variety	群体光合速率 Group photosynthetic rate	群体呼吸速率 Group respiration rate	群体光合速率 Group photosynthetic rate	群体呼吸速率 Group respiration rate
D₁	V₁	34.10±5.80 d	22.79±3.24 abc	20.53±6.89 d	6.25±1.35 c
D₂	V₁	39.57±9.23 b	24.77±3.45 ab	26.38±8.35 b	7.90±2.09 b
D₃	V₁	43.42±7.73 a	26.10±6.91 a	28.24±5.43 a	8.77±2.60 a
D₁	V₂	30.81±7.17 e	17.41±3.85 d	21.29±4.78 d	4.24±0.54 d
D₂	V₂	36.10±8.00 c	18.80±3.54 cd	24.14±7.86 c	4.87±1.37 d
D₃	V₂	36.86±4.84 c	21.02±5.40 bcd	27.42±5.43 ab	6.27±1.71 c

种植密度 Density	品种 Variety	开花期Flowering stage		灌浆期Grouting stage
种植密度 Density	品种 Variety	群体光合速率 Group photosynthetic rate	群体呼吸速率 Group respiration rate	群体光合速率 Group photosynthetic rate	群体呼吸速率 Group respiration rate
D₁	V₁	34.10±5.80 d	22.79±3.24 abc	20.53±6.89 d	6.25±1.35 c
D₂	V₁	39.57±9.23 b	24.77±3.45 ab	26.38±8.35 b	7.90±2.09 b
D₃	V₁	43.42±7.73 a	26.10±6.91 a	28.24±5.43 a	8.77±2.60 a
D₁	V₂	30.81±7.17 e	17.41±3.85 d	21.29±4.78 d	4.24±0.54 d
D₂	V₂	36.10±8.00 c	18.80±3.54 cd	24.14±7.86 c	4.87±1.37 d
D₃	V₂	36.86±4.84 c	21.02±5.40 bcd	27.42±5.43 ab	6.27±1.71 c

种植密度 Density	品种 Variety	植株总干重 Plant dry weight/(kg·hm^-2)	籽粒产量 Grain yield/(kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
D₁	V₁	9 047.38±398.02 e	2 896.52±133.12 b	0.32±0.014 a
D₂	V₁	19 522.77±799.03 b	2 951.77±267.10 b	0.27±0.011 b
D₃	V₁	20 355.52±259.81 b	3 323.67±144.63 a	0.23±0.003 c
D₁	V₂	12 340.40±599.90 d	1 953.68±259.60 d	0.16±0.008 d
D₂	V₂	18 117.43±1 182.43 c	2 326.99±136.31 c	0.12±0.008 e
D₃	V₂	22 429.56±629.74 a	2 815.77±266.08 b	0.13±0.004 e

密度对不同株高油菜冠层结构与群体光合能力的影响

Effect of plant density on canopy structure and population photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed with different plant heights

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