不同烟草品种烟籽油理化性质及脂肪酸和挥发性成分评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.06.06

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1152-1161.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.06.06

不同烟草品种烟籽油理化性质及脂肪酸和挥发性成分评价

宋碧清¹(), 杨晓东¹, 郑昀晔¹, 王国平¹, 徐盛春², 赵燕³, 赵珊珊³, 马宇轩³^,^*(), 李素娟²^,^*()

1.玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司,云南玉溪 653100
2.浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室公共实验室,浙江杭州 310021
3.中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,北京 100081

收稿日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-06-30
作者简介:李素娟,E-mail： sujuanli2001@163.com
*马宇轩,E-mail: 184175624@qq.com;
宋碧清（1982—）,女,福建莆田人,硕士,主要从事烟草种子及育种研究。E-mail： 10540258@qq.com
通讯作者: 马宇轩,李素娟
基金资助:
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2019530000241048)

Evaluation of physicochemical properties, fatty acids and volatile components of different tobacco seed oils

SONG Biqing¹(), YANG Xiaodong¹, ZHENG Yunye¹, WANG Guoping¹, XU Shengchun², ZHAO Yan³, ZHAO Shanshan³, MA Yuxuan³^,^*(), LI Sujuan²^,^*()

1. Yuxi Zhongyan Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
2. Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2021-09-23 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-06-30
Contact: MA Yuxuan,LI Sujuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究采用索氏提取法提取8个烟草品种的烟籽油,进行理化性质分析,并用气相色谱（GC）、气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分别测定烟籽油的脂肪酸组成和挥发性成分。结果表明,除皂化值和折光率外,8种烟籽油在酸价、比重、过氧化值及碘值中均差异显著,红大和NC89两个品种的酸价最低,保山4号的过氧化值最低,NC89的碘值最高,大竖把直把品种的比重最大,8个品种烟籽油的皂化值范围为176.13~190.81 mg·g^-1、折光率约为1.470,综合理化性质数据,品质较好的是Burley21,它的酸价、皂化值、比重、过氧化值、碘值及折光率分别是0.75 mg·g^-1、185.04 mg·g^-1、0.84 g·cm^-3、1.17%、1520.5 g·kg^-1及1.467 81。8个烟籽油品种的多不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高（785.99~965.99 mg·g^-1）,多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸（PUFA/SFA）值在5.61~6.60,亚油酸在8个品种测得的所有脂肪酸中均含量最高（772.41~944.20 mg·g^-1）。在8个品种的烟籽油中检测出棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈酸、亚油酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸、己内酰胺和2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)7种挥发性物质,其中亚油酸含量最高,与脂肪酸含量测定结果具有一致性。比较脂肪酸及挥发性物质结果,云雪2号及Burley21两个品种较好。综合理化性质、脂肪酸与挥发性物质结果,Burley21是较为理想的烟籽油原料。

关键词: 烟籽, 油脂, 理化性质, 脂肪酸, 挥发性物质

Abstract:

In this study, the Soxhlet extraction method was used for extracting tobacco accessions. The physicochemical properties were measured, and the fatty acid composition and volatile components of tobacco seed oil were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for quality evalution. The results showed that there were significant differences in acid value, specific gravity, peroxide value and iodine value among eight tobacco seed oils, except saponification value and refractive index. Hongda and NC89 had the lowest acid value, Baoshan 4 showed the lowest peroxide value, the highest iodine value is NC89, and Dashubazhiba was with the highest specific gravity. Based on the performance of physical and chemical properties, the Burley21 has a better quality, whose acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, peroxide value, iodine value and refractive index were 0.75 mg·g^-1, 185.04 mg·g^-1, 0.84 g·cm^-3, 1.17%, 1 520.5 g·kg^-1 and 1.467 81, respectively. All the seed oil of eight different tobacco accessions were showed a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids contents (785.99-965.99 mg·g^-1), and the polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids(PUFA/SFA) value ranged from 5.61 to 6.60. The linoleic acid content was the highest (772.41-944.20 mg·g^-1) among all the measured fatty acids. On the other hand, in total, we detected seven kinds of volatile substances, including palmitic acid methyl ester, methyl palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl caprolactam, and 2, 2'-methylene double-(4-methyl-6-tertiary butyl phenol) from the seed oil. The composition and the content of volatile substances were highly consistent with the polyunsaturated fatty acids. In summary, considering the results of fatty acids and volatile substances, we found that Yunxue 2 and Burley21 showed better quality. Taken together, we concluded that the Burley21 is an ideal raw material for tobacco seed oil.

Key words: tobacco seed, oil, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid, volatile components

中图分类号:

S572

宋碧清, 杨晓东, 郑昀晔, 王国平, 徐盛春, 赵燕, 赵珊珊, 马宇轩, 李素娟. 不同烟草品种烟籽油理化性质及脂肪酸和挥发性成分评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(6): 1152-1161.

SONG Biqing, YANG Xiaodong, ZHENG Yunye, WANG Guoping, XU Shengchun, ZHAO Yan, ZHAO Shanshan, MA Yuxuan, LI Sujuan. Evaluation of physicochemical properties, fatty acids and volatile components of different tobacco seed oils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(6): 1152-1161.

图/表 5

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品种Variety	酸价Acid value/(mg·g^-1)	皂化值Saponification value/(mg·g^-1)	比重Specific gravity/（g·cm^-3）	过氧化值Peroxide value/%	碘值Iodine value/（g·kg^-1）	折光率Refractive index
Burley21	0.75±0.01 d	185.04±16.35	0.84±0.05^b	1.17±0.09 ab	1 520.5±24.8 ab	1.468±0.008
NC89	0.60±0.01 e	178.38±3.35	0.82±0.03 b	1.33±0.12 a	1 558.5±49.8 a	1.471±0.001
Rustica	1.10±0.09 c	181.44±6.11	0.87±0.05 ab	1.26±0.24 a	1 431.0±45.1 c	1.470±0.002
保山4号 Baoshan 4	1.28±0.08 a	182.38±3.93	0.88±0.01 ab	0.93±0.05^b	1 464.4±66.2 bc	1.469 74±0.002
大竖把直把 Dashubazhiba	0.65±0.09 de	179.65±10.77	0.93±0.08 a	1.44±0.14 a	1 531.3±28.2 ab	1.472±0.001
红大 Hongda	0.60±0.01 e	185.13±7.22	0.83±0.03 b	1.18±0.10 ab	1523.8±25.1 ab	1.473±0.001
云香2号 Yunxiang 2	1.65±0.01^a	190.81±9.24	0.86±0.03 ab	1.14±0.12 ab	1 518.6±45.5 ab	1.472±0.001
云雪2号 Yunxue 2	0.68±0.08 de	176.13±6.58	0.88±0.04 ab	1.12±0.31 ab	1 410.7±66.0 c	1.472±0.001

品种Variety	酸价Acid value/(mg·g^-1)	皂化值Saponification value/(mg·g^-1)	比重Specific gravity/（g·cm^-3）	过氧化值Peroxide value/%	碘值Iodine value/（g·kg^-1）	折光率Refractive index
Burley21	0.75±0.01 d	185.04±16.35	0.84±0.05^b	1.17±0.09 ab	1 520.5±24.8 ab	1.468±0.008
NC89	0.60±0.01 e	178.38±3.35	0.82±0.03 b	1.33±0.12 a	1 558.5±49.8 a	1.471±0.001
Rustica	1.10±0.09 c	181.44±6.11	0.87±0.05 ab	1.26±0.24 a	1 431.0±45.1 c	1.470±0.002
保山4号 Baoshan 4	1.28±0.08 a	182.38±3.93	0.88±0.01 ab	0.93±0.05^b	1 464.4±66.2 bc	1.469 74±0.002
大竖把直把 Dashubazhiba	0.65±0.09 de	179.65±10.77	0.93±0.08 a	1.44±0.14 a	1 531.3±28.2 ab	1.472±0.001
红大 Hongda	0.60±0.01 e	185.13±7.22	0.83±0.03 b	1.18±0.10 ab	1523.8±25.1 ab	1.473±0.001
云香2号 Yunxiang 2	1.65±0.01^a	190.81±9.24	0.86±0.03 ab	1.14±0.12 ab	1 518.6±45.5 ab	1.472±0.001
云雪2号 Yunxue 2	0.68±0.08 de	176.13±6.58	0.88±0.04 ab	1.12±0.31 ab	1 410.7±66.0 c	1.472±0.001

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	缩写 Abbreviation	红大 Hongda	NC89	大竖把直把 Dashubazhiba	云雪2号 Yunxue 2	云香2号 Yunxiang 2	保山4号 Baoshan 4	Burley 21	Rustica
丁酸 Butryic acid	C4:0	0.80 ±0.69	0.61 ±0.53	0.59 ±0.51	0.75 ±0.68	0.73 ±0.66	1.02 ±0.19	0.90 ±0.11	0.63 ±0.04
己酸 Caproic acid	C6:0	—	—	—	0.10 ±0.11	—	—	—	—
肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid	C14:0	0.36 ±0.04 a	0.27 ±0.01 b	0.28 ±0.04 ab	0.39 ±0.10 a	0.29 ±0.05 ab	0.31 ±0.02 ab	0.30 ±0.03 ab	0.26 ±0.02 b
棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	C16:0	104.24 ±13.75	92.94 ±6.07	92.45 ±12.31	102.80 ±26.44	95.50 ±12.88	106.08 ±9.66	93.52 ±12.96	96.03 ±10.82
棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic acid	C16:1	1.26 ±0.19 b	0.92 ±0.17 b	1.38 ±0.95 ab	1.19 ±0.26 b	1.32 ±0.31 b	1.53 ±0.19 ab	1.00 ±0.23 b	2.10 ±0.27 a
十七烷酸 Heptadecanoic acid	C17:0	1.35 ±0.19 ab	1.38 ±0.08 ab	1.33 ±0.08 ab	1.75 ±0.47 a	1.64 ±0.23 a	1.43 ±0.15 ab	1.36 ±0.22 ab	1.17 ±0.11 b
十七碳一烯酸 cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid	C17:1	0.61 ±0.07 ab	0.58 ±0.10 ab	0.62 ±0.02 ab	0.73 ±0.19 a	0.78 ±0.11 a	0.70 ±0.07 a	0.58 ±0.07 ab	0.51 ±0.02 b
硬脂酸 Stearic acid	C18:0	35.74 ±4.77	34.88 ±2.56	36.94 ±5.50	42.54 ±11.29	40.97 ±5.69	39.47 ±4.02	34.73 ±5.07	38.69 ±4.31
反油酸 Elaidic acid	C18:1n9t	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	36.14 ±62.60
油酸 Oleic acid	C18:1n9c	150.18 ±19.05	142.54 ±6.03	157.23 ±23.42	164.37 ±41.56	150.10 ±21.14	173.83 ±19.45	145.07 ±23.66	150.89 ±18.96
反亚油酸 Linolelaidic acid	C18:2n6t	4.00 ±0.63	3.42 ±0.17	4.22 ±0.38	4.14 ±2.23	4.89 ±1.31	4.65 ±1.15	4.03 ±0.76	4.28 ±0.58
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	C18:2n6c	894.71 ±118.25	772.41 ±159.95	832.42 ±39.01	944.20 ±243.61	857.40 ±118.16	841.63 ±72.00	879.69 ±126.66	781.79 ±124.41
α-亚油酸 α-Linolenic acid	C18:3n3	14.53 ±1.99	9.11 ±0.52	13.80 ±0.51	16.50 ±4.20	14.17 ±1.97	9.92 ±1.00	6.13 ±0.98	13.43 ±1.60
花生酸 Arachidic acid	C20:0	2.35 ±0.33	2.30 ±0.16	2.52 ±0.63	2.70 ±0.72	2.59 ±0.35	2.52 ±0.28	2.34 ±0.36	2.99 ±0.38
花生一烯酸 Eicosenoic acid	C20:1	1.61 ±0.19 a	1.49 ±0.09 a	1.37 ±0.18 ab	1.82 ±0.55 a	1.37 ±0.18 ab	1.54 ±0.15 a	1.55 ±0.22 a	0.93 ±0.13 b
花生二烯酸 Eicosadienoic acid	C20:2	1.20 ±0.23	1.05 ±0.13	0.96 ±0.06	1.15 ±0.49	1.02 ±0.26	0.95 ±0.10	1.06 ±0.14	0.92 ±0.07
二十一碳酸 Henicosanoic acid	C21:0	0.13 ±0.22	0.20 ±0.18	0.12 ±0.21	0.14 ±0.24	0.13 ±0.23	—	0.10 ±0.18	—
二十碳五烯酸 cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid	C20:5n3	—	—	0.26 ±0.45	—	—	—	—	—
山嵛酸（二十二烷酸） Behenic acid	C22:0	0.96 ±0.12 abc	0.93 ±0.06 bc	0.97 ±0.15 abc	0.82 ±0.22 c	1.10 ±0.12 abc	1.23 ±0.15 a	1.13 ±0.16 ab	1.07 ±0.15 abc
芥酸 Erucic acid	C22:1n9	0.22 ±0.39	—	0.25 ±0.43	—	0.20 ±0.34	—	—	—
二十三酸 Tricosanoic acid	C23:0	0.40 ±0.69	—	0.43 ±0.74	—	0.36 ±0.63	—	—	—
二十四酸 Lignoceric acid	C24:0	2.41 ±1.24 b	1.23 ±0.38 b	4.26 ±2.09 a	0.93 ±0.09 b	0.91 ±0.61 b	0.83 ±0.28 b	0.67 ±0.11b	0.87 ±0.29 b
二十四碳单烯酸 Nervonic acid	C24:1	2.00 ±1.46 ab	0.74 ±0.31 ab	4.77 ±5.65 a	0.77 ±0.12 ab	1.49 ±1.65 ab	0.57 ±0.56 b	0.50 ±0.43 b	0.19 ±0.33 b
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acids	SFA	148.74	134.74	139.89	152.92	144.22	152.89	135.05	141.78
单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids	MUFA	155.88	146.27	165.62	168.88	155.26	178.17	148.70	190.76
多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acids	PUFA	914.44	785.99	851.66	965.99	877.48	857.15	890.91	800.42
总和 Sum	SUM	1219.06	1067.01	1157.17	1287.77	1176.97	1188.20	1174.66	1132.97
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acids/ Saturated fatty acids	PUFA/SFA	6.15	5.83	6.09	6.32	6.08	5.61	6.60	5.65

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	缩写 Abbreviation	红大 Hongda	NC89	大竖把直把 Dashubazhiba	云雪2号 Yunxue 2	云香2号 Yunxiang 2	保山4号 Baoshan 4	Burley 21	Rustica
丁酸 Butryic acid	C4:0	0.80 ±0.69	0.61 ±0.53	0.59 ±0.51	0.75 ±0.68	0.73 ±0.66	1.02 ±0.19	0.90 ±0.11	0.63 ±0.04
己酸 Caproic acid	C6:0	—	—	—	0.10 ±0.11	—	—	—	—
肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid	C14:0	0.36 ±0.04 a	0.27 ±0.01 b	0.28 ±0.04 ab	0.39 ±0.10 a	0.29 ±0.05 ab	0.31 ±0.02 ab	0.30 ±0.03 ab	0.26 ±0.02 b
棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	C16:0	104.24 ±13.75	92.94 ±6.07	92.45 ±12.31	102.80 ±26.44	95.50 ±12.88	106.08 ±9.66	93.52 ±12.96	96.03 ±10.82
棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic acid	C16:1	1.26 ±0.19 b	0.92 ±0.17 b	1.38 ±0.95 ab	1.19 ±0.26 b	1.32 ±0.31 b	1.53 ±0.19 ab	1.00 ±0.23 b	2.10 ±0.27 a
十七烷酸 Heptadecanoic acid	C17:0	1.35 ±0.19 ab	1.38 ±0.08 ab	1.33 ±0.08 ab	1.75 ±0.47 a	1.64 ±0.23 a	1.43 ±0.15 ab	1.36 ±0.22 ab	1.17 ±0.11 b
十七碳一烯酸 cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid	C17:1	0.61 ±0.07 ab	0.58 ±0.10 ab	0.62 ±0.02 ab	0.73 ±0.19 a	0.78 ±0.11 a	0.70 ±0.07 a	0.58 ±0.07 ab	0.51 ±0.02 b
硬脂酸 Stearic acid	C18:0	35.74 ±4.77	34.88 ±2.56	36.94 ±5.50	42.54 ±11.29	40.97 ±5.69	39.47 ±4.02	34.73 ±5.07	38.69 ±4.31
反油酸 Elaidic acid	C18:1n9t	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	36.14 ±62.60
油酸 Oleic acid	C18:1n9c	150.18 ±19.05	142.54 ±6.03	157.23 ±23.42	164.37 ±41.56	150.10 ±21.14	173.83 ±19.45	145.07 ±23.66	150.89 ±18.96
反亚油酸 Linolelaidic acid	C18:2n6t	4.00 ±0.63	3.42 ±0.17	4.22 ±0.38	4.14 ±2.23	4.89 ±1.31	4.65 ±1.15	4.03 ±0.76	4.28 ±0.58
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	C18:2n6c	894.71 ±118.25	772.41 ±159.95	832.42 ±39.01	944.20 ±243.61	857.40 ±118.16	841.63 ±72.00	879.69 ±126.66	781.79 ±124.41
α-亚油酸 α-Linolenic acid	C18:3n3	14.53 ±1.99	9.11 ±0.52	13.80 ±0.51	16.50 ±4.20	14.17 ±1.97	9.92 ±1.00	6.13 ±0.98	13.43 ±1.60
花生酸 Arachidic acid	C20:0	2.35 ±0.33	2.30 ±0.16	2.52 ±0.63	2.70 ±0.72	2.59 ±0.35	2.52 ±0.28	2.34 ±0.36	2.99 ±0.38
花生一烯酸 Eicosenoic acid	C20:1	1.61 ±0.19 a	1.49 ±0.09 a	1.37 ±0.18 ab	1.82 ±0.55 a	1.37 ±0.18 ab	1.54 ±0.15 a	1.55 ±0.22 a	0.93 ±0.13 b
花生二烯酸 Eicosadienoic acid	C20:2	1.20 ±0.23	1.05 ±0.13	0.96 ±0.06	1.15 ±0.49	1.02 ±0.26	0.95 ±0.10	1.06 ±0.14	0.92 ±0.07
二十一碳酸 Henicosanoic acid	C21:0	0.13 ±0.22	0.20 ±0.18	0.12 ±0.21	0.14 ±0.24	0.13 ±0.23	—	0.10 ±0.18	—
二十碳五烯酸 cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid	C20:5n3	—	—	0.26 ±0.45	—	—	—	—	—
山嵛酸（二十二烷酸） Behenic acid	C22:0	0.96 ±0.12 abc	0.93 ±0.06 bc	0.97 ±0.15 abc	0.82 ±0.22 c	1.10 ±0.12 abc	1.23 ±0.15 a	1.13 ±0.16 ab	1.07 ±0.15 abc
芥酸 Erucic acid	C22:1n9	0.22 ±0.39	—	0.25 ±0.43	—	0.20 ±0.34	—	—	—
二十三酸 Tricosanoic acid	C23:0	0.40 ±0.69	—	0.43 ±0.74	—	0.36 ±0.63	—	—	—
二十四酸 Lignoceric acid	C24:0	2.41 ±1.24 b	1.23 ±0.38 b	4.26 ±2.09 a	0.93 ±0.09 b	0.91 ±0.61 b	0.83 ±0.28 b	0.67 ±0.11b	0.87 ±0.29 b
二十四碳单烯酸 Nervonic acid	C24:1	2.00 ±1.46 ab	0.74 ±0.31 ab	4.77 ±5.65 a	0.77 ±0.12 ab	1.49 ±1.65 ab	0.57 ±0.56 b	0.50 ±0.43 b	0.19 ±0.33 b
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acids	SFA	148.74	134.74	139.89	152.92	144.22	152.89	135.05	141.78
单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids	MUFA	155.88	146.27	165.62	168.88	155.26	178.17	148.70	190.76
多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acids	PUFA	914.44	785.99	851.66	965.99	877.48	857.15	890.91	800.42
总和 Sum	SUM	1219.06	1067.01	1157.17	1287.77	1176.97	1188.20	1174.66	1132.97
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acids/ Saturated fatty acids	PUFA/SFA	6.15	5.83	6.09	6.32	6.08	5.61	6.60	5.65

挥发性有机物Volatile organic compounds	红大 Hongda	NC89	大竖把直把 Dashubazhiba	云雪2号 Yunxue 2	云香2号 Yunxiang 2	保山4号 Baoshan 4	Burley 21	Rustica
己内酰胺 Caprolactam	0.66	0.64	0.64	0.99	1.00	1.11	0.69	0.80
棕榈酸甲酯Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	—	1.12	1.01	0.83	1.13	0.85	0.78	0.58
棕榈酸n-Hexadecanoic acid	10.89	8.79	6.87	7.54	8.87	8.69	5.32	8.59
亚油酸甲酯9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester	2.56	3.32	3.82	3.51	3.65	2.91	2.97	2.40
油酸甲酯9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester	1.00	0.76	1.04	1.18	1.12	0.83	0.83	—
亚油酸9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-	24.96	13.37	14.79	25.73	17.39	25.68	17.99	22.88
2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚) Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dmethylethyl)-4-methyl-	2.71	2.78	1.72	1.51	1.52	1.95	2.34	2.12

不同烟草品种烟籽油理化性质及脂肪酸和挥发性成分评价

Evaluation of physicochemical properties, fatty acids and volatile components of different tobacco seed oils

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