政策激励对农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的影响——基于要素质量和时间偏好的视角

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240385

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1172-1181.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240385

政策激励对农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的影响——基于要素质量和时间偏好的视角

朱哲毅¹^,²(), 施芳¹, 宁可¹^,², 郑姗³^,^*()

1.浙江农林大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州 311300
2.浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院,浙江杭州 311300
3.南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2024-04-27 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:朱哲毅(1990—),女,江苏南通人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为农业经营制度与农村发展。E-mail: zzy_121121@163.com
通讯作者: *郑姗,E-mail: 2019206017@stu.njau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(72203207);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(72003177);国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD083);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(21YJC790173);浙江省哲学社会科学规划之江青年专项课题(24ZJQN045YB)

Effect of policy incentives on farmer's adoption behavior of conservation tillage technologies: based on the perspectives of factor quality and time preference

ZHU Zheyi¹^,²(), SHI Fang¹, NING Ke¹^,², ZHENG Shan³^,^*()

1. School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Zhejiang Rural Revitalization Research Institute, Hangzhou 311300, China
3. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2024-04-27 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用保护性耕作技术被认为是缓解耕地质量退化的重要措施,但不同类型保护性耕作技术的扩散速度存在差异。该研究系统探讨了保护性耕作技术的效益,从要素质量和时间偏好视角,识别了政策补贴对农户保护性耕作技术采纳的影响机制,并在理论分析的基础上,利用在黑龙江、河南、四川和浙江4省调查的地块数据进行实证检验。结果表明,采纳保护性耕作技术能提高地块单产和土壤全氮含量;政策激励能提高农户采纳保护性耕作技术的概率,其激励作用随着土壤质量变差而增强、随着时间偏好减弱而减弱。因此,为提高我国耕地质量、保障粮食安全,建议结合土壤和农户特征完善公共政策,促进保护性耕作技术扩散。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 政策补贴, 土壤质量, 时间偏好

Abstract:

Adoption of conservation tillage technologies is recognized as important measure to improve soil quality, while the diffusion rate is different among technologies. In this study, the economic and environmental benefits of conservation tillage technologies were systematically examined. From the perspectives of factor quality and time preference, the mechanism of how policy subsidies influence farmer's adoption behavior of conservation tillage technologies was identified, and an empirical analysis was carried out with plots data obtained from the survey in four provinces of Heilongjiang, Henan, Sichuan and Zhejiang, China. It was shown that the yield and soil nitrogen content could be improved by the adoption of conservation tillage technologies. Policy incentives could increase the possibility of farmer's adoption behavior toward conservation tillage technology. The better soil quality and the weaker time preference would diminish the effect of policy subsidies. In order to improve the soil quality and ensure food security, it was suggested that the government should improve public policies based on the characteristics of soils and farmers to promote the diffusion of conservation tillage technologies.

Key words: conservation tillage, policy subsidies, soil quality, time preference

中图分类号:

F323.3

朱哲毅, 施芳, 宁可, 郑姗. 政策激励对农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的影响——基于要素质量和时间偏好的视角[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 1172-1181.

ZHU Zheyi, SHI Fang, NING Ke, ZHENG Shan. Effect of policy incentives on farmer's adoption behavior of conservation tillage technologies: based on the perspectives of factor quality and time preference[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 1172-1181.

图/表 7

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变量 Variable	符号 Symbol	定义与说明 Definition and explanation	样本量 Sample size	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
单产Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	E₁	单位面积耕地的作物产量Yield per capita arable land	1 475	837.25	217.71
N含量 N content/(g·kg^-1)	E₂	土壤全氮含量的自然对数值Natural logarithm value of total nitrogen content of soil	732	0.92	0.24
P含量P content/(mg·kg^-1)	E₃	土壤速效磷含量的自然对数值Natural logarithm value of available phosphorus content of soil	732	3.11	0.96
K含量K content/(mg·kg^-1)	E₄	土壤速效钾含量的自然对数值Natural logarithm value of available potassium content of soil	732	5.02	0.62
保护性耕作技术采纳情况 Adoption of conservation tillage	B₁	采纳,1;不采纳,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.64	0.48
深松技术采纳情况Adoption of subsoiling	B₂	采纳,1;不采纳,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.09	0.28
秸秆还田技术采纳情况 Adoption of straw returning	B₃	采纳,1;不采纳,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.63	0.48
保护性耕作技术补贴情况 Subsidy for conservation tillage	P₁	有补贴,1;没有补贴,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.22	0.41
深松补贴情况Subsidies for subsoiling	P₂	有补贴,1;没有补贴,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.04	0.21
秸秆还田补贴情况 Subsidy for straw returning	P₃	有补贴,1;没有补贴,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.19	0.39
土壤质量Soil quality	M₁	差,1;好,0 Bad, 1; Good, 0	1 475	0.07	0.26
时间偏好 Time preference	M₂	规模户,1;小农户,0 Scale household, 1; Small household, 0	1 475	0.56	0.50
性别Gender	X₁	女,0;男,1 Female, 0; Male, 1	1 475	0.97	0.18
年龄Age	X₂	受访者的实际年龄Age of the interviewee	1 475	56.01	10.86
健康情况Health	X₃	好,0;差,1 Good, 0; Bad, 1	1 475	0.03	0.17
受教育年限Years of education/a	X₄	受访者的受教育年限Years of education of the interviewee	1 475	6.81	3.12
风险偏好 Risk preference	X₅	0~1取值,数值越高,越偏好风险 The value range is 0 to 1. The higher the value, the more inclined the risk is	1 475	0.38	0.41
家庭人口数量 Household population	X₆	受访者家庭的人口数 Number of family members of the interviewee	1 475	4.16	1.75
农业经验 Agricultural experience/a	X₇	受访者从事农业生产的年限 Years of working in agricultural production of the interviewee	1 475	32.37	13.88
参加农技培训次数 Participation in agricultural technology training	X₈	受访者参加农技培训的次数 Participation times in agricultural technology training	1 475	2.20	3.63
地块面积 Land area/hm²	X₉	受访者家庭的耕地面积 Cultivated area of the interviewed family	1 475	0.89	2.43
离家距离 Distance between the plot and house/km	X₁₀	地块离家的距离 Distance between the plot and home	1 475	0.85	1.46
化肥使用量 Fertilizer application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	X₁₁	受访者的化肥施用量(折纯) Application rate (for pure) of fertilizers of the interviewee	1 475	252.94	162.23
作物类型Crop type	X₁₂	水稻,1;玉米,0 Rice, 1; corn,0	1 475	0.49	0.50
村人均纯收入 Per capita net income of the village/yuan	X₁₃	受访者所在村人均纯收入的自然对数值 Natural logarithm value of per capita net income of the village of the interviewee	1 475	9.07	0.64
到乡镇的距离 Distance to township/km	X₁₄	所在村到其所属乡镇的距离 Distance from the village to its township	1 475	2.47	2.36

变量 Variable	符号 Symbol	定义与说明 Definition and explanation	样本量 Sample size	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
单产Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	E₁	单位面积耕地的作物产量Yield per capita arable land	1 475	837.25	217.71
N含量 N content/(g·kg^-1)	E₂	土壤全氮含量的自然对数值Natural logarithm value of total nitrogen content of soil	732	0.92	0.24
P含量P content/(mg·kg^-1)	E₃	土壤速效磷含量的自然对数值Natural logarithm value of available phosphorus content of soil	732	3.11	0.96
K含量K content/(mg·kg^-1)	E₄	土壤速效钾含量的自然对数值Natural logarithm value of available potassium content of soil	732	5.02	0.62
保护性耕作技术采纳情况 Adoption of conservation tillage	B₁	采纳,1;不采纳,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.64	0.48
深松技术采纳情况Adoption of subsoiling	B₂	采纳,1;不采纳,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.09	0.28
秸秆还田技术采纳情况 Adoption of straw returning	B₃	采纳,1;不采纳,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.63	0.48
保护性耕作技术补贴情况 Subsidy for conservation tillage	P₁	有补贴,1;没有补贴,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.22	0.41
深松补贴情况Subsidies for subsoiling	P₂	有补贴,1;没有补贴,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.04	0.21
秸秆还田补贴情况 Subsidy for straw returning	P₃	有补贴,1;没有补贴,0 Yes, 1; No, 0	1 475	0.19	0.39
土壤质量Soil quality	M₁	差,1;好,0 Bad, 1; Good, 0	1 475	0.07	0.26
时间偏好 Time preference	M₂	规模户,1;小农户,0 Scale household, 1; Small household, 0	1 475	0.56	0.50
性别Gender	X₁	女,0;男,1 Female, 0; Male, 1	1 475	0.97	0.18
年龄Age	X₂	受访者的实际年龄Age of the interviewee	1 475	56.01	10.86
健康情况Health	X₃	好,0;差,1 Good, 0; Bad, 1	1 475	0.03	0.17
受教育年限Years of education/a	X₄	受访者的受教育年限Years of education of the interviewee	1 475	6.81	3.12
风险偏好 Risk preference	X₅	0~1取值,数值越高,越偏好风险 The value range is 0 to 1. The higher the value, the more inclined the risk is	1 475	0.38	0.41
家庭人口数量 Household population	X₆	受访者家庭的人口数 Number of family members of the interviewee	1 475	4.16	1.75
农业经验 Agricultural experience/a	X₇	受访者从事农业生产的年限 Years of working in agricultural production of the interviewee	1 475	32.37	13.88
参加农技培训次数 Participation in agricultural technology training	X₈	受访者参加农技培训的次数 Participation times in agricultural technology training	1 475	2.20	3.63
地块面积 Land area/hm²	X₉	受访者家庭的耕地面积 Cultivated area of the interviewed family	1 475	0.89	2.43
离家距离 Distance between the plot and house/km	X₁₀	地块离家的距离 Distance between the plot and home	1 475	0.85	1.46
化肥使用量 Fertilizer application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	X₁₁	受访者的化肥施用量(折纯) Application rate (for pure) of fertilizers of the interviewee	1 475	252.94	162.23
作物类型Crop type	X₁₂	水稻,1;玉米,0 Rice, 1; corn,0	1 475	0.49	0.50
村人均纯收入 Per capita net income of the village/yuan	X₁₃	受访者所在村人均纯收入的自然对数值 Natural logarithm value of per capita net income of the village of the interviewee	1 475	9.07	0.64
到乡镇的距离 Distance to township/km	X₁₄	所在村到其所属乡镇的距离 Distance from the village to its township	1 475	2.47	2.36

技术 Technology	采纳情况 Adoption status	单产 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	N含量 Nitrogen content/ (g·kg^-1)	P含量 P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	K含量 K content/ (mg·kg^-1)
保护性耕作技术	不采纳Not adopted	6 387.77±69.69	0.94±0.02	3.28±0.06	5.13±0.04
Conservation tillage	采纳Adopted	6 219.10±53.54^*	0.92±0.01	3.03±0.04^***	4.97±0.03^***
深松技术	不采纳Not adopted	6 305.77±44.37	0.93±0.01	3.09±0.04	4.98±0.02
Subsoiling	采纳Adopted	5 999.05±146.54^**	0.85±0.02^***	3.29±0.11^*	5.34±0.06^***
秸秆还田技术	不采纳Not adopted	6 389.80±69.67	0.93±0.02	3.29±0.06	5.13±0.04
Straw returning	采纳Adopted	6 214.27±53.58^**	0.92±0.01	3.02±0.04^***	4.97±0.03^***

技术 Technology	采纳情况 Adoption status	单产 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	N含量 Nitrogen content/ (g·kg^-1)	P含量 P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	K含量 K content/ (mg·kg^-1)
保护性耕作技术	不采纳Not adopted	6 387.77±69.69	0.94±0.02	3.28±0.06	5.13±0.04
Conservation tillage	采纳Adopted	6 219.10±53.54^*	0.92±0.01	3.03±0.04^***	4.97±0.03^***
深松技术	不采纳Not adopted	6 305.77±44.37	0.93±0.01	3.09±0.04	4.98±0.02
Subsoiling	采纳Adopted	5 999.05±146.54^**	0.85±0.02^***	3.29±0.11^*	5.34±0.06^***
秸秆还田技术	不采纳Not adopted	6 389.80±69.67	0.93±0.02	3.29±0.06	5.13±0.04
Straw returning	采纳Adopted	6 214.27±53.58^**	0.92±0.01	3.02±0.04^***	4.97±0.03^***

技术 Technology	采纳情况 Adoption status	不同土壤质量的技术采纳率 Adoption rate with different soil quality
技术 Technology	采纳情况 Adoption status	好Good	差Bad
保护性耕作技术 Conservation tillage	不采纳 Not adopted	34.99	45.28^**
保护性耕作技术 Conservation tillage	采纳Adopted	65.01	54.72
深松技术 Subsoiling	不采纳 Not adopted	91.09	95.28
深松技术 Subsoiling	采纳Adopted	8.91	4.72
秸秆还田技术 Straw returning	不采纳 Not adopted	36.23	48.11^**
秸秆还田技术 Straw returning	采纳Adopted	63.77	51.89

政策激励对农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的影响——基于要素质量和时间偏好的视角

Effect of policy incentives on farmer's adoption behavior of conservation tillage technologies: based on the perspectives of factor quality and time preference

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技术 Technology	采纳情况 Adoption status	不同农户的技术采纳率 Adoption rate of different farmers
技术 Technology	采纳情况 Adoption status	小农户 Small household	规模户 Scale household
保护性耕作技术 Conservation tillage	不采纳 Not adopted	38.18	33.82^**
保护性耕作技术 Conservation tillage	采纳Adopted	61.82	66.18
深松技术 Subsoiling	不采纳 Not adopted	93.82	89.49^***
深松技术 Subsoiling	采纳Adopted	6.18	10.51
秸秆还田技术 Straw returning	不采纳 Not adopted	39.57	35.14^*
秸秆还田技术 Straw returning	采纳Adopted	60.43	64.86

指标	E₁	E₁	E₁	E₂	E₂	E₂	E₃	E₃	E₃	E₄	E₄	E₄
Index
B₁	226.30^** (2.45)	—	—	0.04^** (2.34)	—	—	0.01 (0.05)	—	—	-0.07 (-1.62)	—	—
B₂	—	237.85^* (1.78)	—	—	0.01 (0.42)	—	—	0.02 (0.18)	—	—	0.07 (0.97)	—
B₃	—	—	219.30^** (2.32)	—	—	0.05^*** (2.77)	—	—	0.02 (0.38)	—	—	-0.04 (-0.90)
常数项 Constant	3 390.98^*** (4.60)	3 415.14^*** (4.61)	3 408.71^*** (4.63)	1.37^*** (8.21)	1.39^*** (8.34)	1.37^*** (8.23)	4.08^*** (7.46)	4.08^*** (7.45)	4.07^*** (7.46)	4.92^*** (11.97)	4.89^*** (12.05)	4.90^*** (11.98)
F	28.23^***	27.56^***	27.83^***	23.88^***	22.99^***	24.09^***	40.79^***	41.40^***	40.92^***	23.11^***	23.30^***	23.09^***
n	1 475	1 475	1 475	732	732	732	732	732	732	732	732	732

变量Variable	B₁	B₁	B₂	B₂	B₃	B₃
P_i	0.21^* (1.96)	0.15 (1.35)	3.32^*** (10.67)	3.32^*** (10.60)	0.20^* (1.78)	0.14 (1.21)
M₁	-0.07 (-0.52)	-0.21 (-1.33)	0.02 (0.09)	0.02 (0.06)	-0.12 (-0.85)	-0.25 (-1.60)
P_i×M₁	—	0.77^* (1.95)	—	Omitted	—	0.72^* (1.80)
n	1 475	1 475	1 475	1 474	1 475	1 475
Wald统计量Static value of Wald	277.41^***	279.32^***	187.16^***	185.56^***	297.69^***	299.97^***

变量Variable	B₁	B₁	B₂	B₂	B₃	B₃
P_i	0.21^* (1.96)	0.22 (1.12)	3.32^*** (10.67)	4.03^*** (8.19)	0.20^* (1.78)	0.13 (0.66)
M₂	0.32^*** (3.84)	0.31^*** (3.40)	0.40^*** (2.97)	0.49^*** (3.27)	0.34^*** (4.10)	0.32^*** (3.55)
P_i×M₂	—	-0.02 (-0.09)	—	-1.25^** (-2.11)	—	0.09 (0.37)
n	1 475	1 475	1 475	1 474	1 475	1 475
Wald统计量Static value of Wald	277.41^***	271.14^***	187.16^***	209.65^***	297.69^***	294.05^***

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