爪哇虫草菌ZN-S21的培养特征及其对南亚果实蝇的室内杀虫活性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250376

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 95-104.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250376

爪哇虫草菌ZN-S21的培养特征及其对南亚果实蝇的室内杀虫活性

王璐瑶¹(), 周湘怡¹, 王国荣², 陈梦丽¹, 吴慧明¹^,^*()

1.浙江农林大学现代农学院,浙江省作物病虫生物学与生态调控重点实验室,浙江杭州 311300
2.杭州市萧山区农业和林业技术推广中心,浙江杭州 311699

收稿日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-11
作者简介:*吴慧明,E-mail:wuhm@zafu.edu.cn
王璐瑶,研究方向为蔬菜害虫生物防治。E-mail:wangluyao0777@163.com
通讯作者: 吴慧明
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SNJF036)

Cultural characteristics of Cordyceps javanica strain ZN-S21 and its indoor insecticidal activity against Bactrocera tau

WANG Luyao¹(), ZHOU Xiangyi¹, WANG Guorong², CHEN Mengli¹, WU Huiming¹^,^*()

1. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biology and Ecological Regulation of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311699, China

Received:2025-05-14 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11
Contact: WU Huiming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南亚果实蝇(Bactrocera tau)是一种重要检疫性害虫。为了明确田间分离得到的生防菌株ZN-S21对南亚果实蝇的防治潜力,本文通过形态学和多基因系统发生树对菌株ZN-S21的系统分类进行鉴定,研究了菌株ZN-S21的培养特征,并测定了不同环境条件下ZN-S21对南亚果实蝇三龄幼虫的室内杀虫活性。结果显示: 菌株ZN-S21为爪哇虫草菌(Cordyceps javanica),在温度30 ℃、pH值为5.0的PSA培养基上菌落生长速率较快,产孢量较大。该菌在室内防治南亚果实蝇的最适条件为温度30 ℃、孢子浓度1×10⁸ mL^-1,土壤相对含水量90%,土壤pH值7.0。爪哇虫草菌ZN-S21对南亚果实蝇三龄幼虫具有较强的杀虫活性,在南亚果实蝇种群控制方面极具潜力。

关键词: 南亚果实蝇, 爪哇虫草菌, 杀虫活性, 温度, 土壤相对含水量

Abstract:

Bactrocera tau is a crucial quarantine pest. To clarify the biocontrol potential of the strain ZN-S21, which was isolated from the field, against B. tau, this study first identified the taxonomic status of strain ZN-S21 through morphological observations and multi-gene phylogenetic tree analysis. Subsequently, the cultural characteristics of strain ZN-S21 were systematically investigated, and its insecticidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of B. tau under different environmental conditions was determined in the laboratory. The results showed that strain ZN-S21 was identified as Cordyceps javanica. When cultured on potato sucrose agar (PSA) medium, this strain exhibited a relatively fast colony growth rate and a high sporulation quantity under the conditions of 30 ℃ and pH value of 5.0. Additionally, the optimal conditions for the laboratory-based biocontrol of B. tau by C. javanica strain ZN-S21 were determined as follows: temperature of 30 ℃, spore concentration of 1×10⁸ mL^-1, soil relative water content of 90%, and soil pH value of 7.0. In conclusion, C. javanica strain ZN-S21 demonstrates strong insecticidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of B. tau, thereby holding great potential for application in the population control of B. tau.

Key words: Bactrocera tau, Cordyceps javanica, insecticidal activity, temperature, soil relative water content

中图分类号:

S433

王璐瑶, 周湘怡, 王国荣, 陈梦丽, 吴慧明. 爪哇虫草菌ZN-S21的培养特征及其对南亚果实蝇的室内杀虫活性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(1): 95-104.

WANG Luyao, ZHOU Xiangyi, WANG Guorong, CHEN Mengli, WU Huiming. Cultural characteristics of Cordyceps javanica strain ZN-S21 and its indoor insecticidal activity against Bactrocera tau[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(1): 95-104.

图/表 10

表1 PCR引物序列

Table 1 Sequences of primers for PCR

基因 Gene	引物名称 Primer name	序列(5'→3') Sequence (5'→3')
ITS^[18]	ITS5	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG
	ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
LSU^[19]	LR5	ATCCTGAGGGAAACTTC
	LROR	GTACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC
TEF1^[20]	985F	GCTCCYGGHCAYCGTGAYTTYAT
	2218R	ATGACACCRACRGCRACRGTYTG
RPB1^[21]	CRPB1	CCWGGYTTYATCAAGAARGT
	RPB1Cr	CCNGCDATNTCRTTRTCCATRTA

图1 菌株ZN-S21在SDAY(A)、SMAY(B)、MEA(C)、Czapek(D)、PSA(E)、PPDA(F)、CMA(G)、PDA(H)、OMA(I)培养基上的菌落形态

Fig.1 Colony morphology of strain ZN-S21 on culture media of SDAY (A), SMAY (B), MEA (C), Czapek (D), PSA (E), PPDA (F), CMA (G), PDA (H), OMA (I)

图2 菌株ZN-S21在PDA培养基上的形态学特征 A,菌株ZN-S21的菌丝;B,菌株ZN-S21的分生孢子;C,菌株ZN-S21的产孢结构;D,菌株ZN-S21染色后的菌丝形态;E,菌株ZN-S21染色后的分生孢子;F,菌株ZN-S21染色后的产孢结构。

Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of strain ZN-S21 on PDA medium A, Mycelia of strain ZN-S21; B, Conidia of strain ZN-S21; C, Sporogenous structure of strain ZN-S21; D, Mycelia of strain ZN-S21 after staining; E, Conidia of strain ZN-S21 after staining; F, Sporogenous structure of strain ZN-S21 after staining.

图3 基于ITS序列和LSU、TEF和RPB1基因构建的系统发生树

Fig.3 Constructed phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences and LSU, TEF, RPB1 genes

图4 菌株ZN-S21在不同培养基上的菌落生长速率和产孢量柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.4 Growth rate of colony and conidia yield of strain ZN-S21 on different media Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05. The same as below.

图5 菌株ZN-S21在不同培养温度下的菌落生长速率和产孢量

Fig.5 Growth rate of colony and conidia yield of strain ZN-S21 under different temperature

图6 菌株ZN-S21在不同pH值培养基上的菌落生长速率和产孢量

Fig.6 Growth rate of colony and conidia yield of strain ZN-S21 on media with different pH values

表2 正交试验设计与结果

Table 2 Orthogonal experiment design and results

编号No.	A/℃	B/mL^-1	C/%	D	Y/%
1	20	1×10⁶	30	5.0	26.14±1.97 d
2	20	1×10⁷	60	7.0	37.50±5.21 c
3	20	1×10⁸	90	9.0	27.27±3.94 d
4	25	1×10⁶	60	9.0	26.14±1.97 d
5	25	1×10⁷	90	5.0	55.68±0.00 ab
6	25	1×10⁸	30	7.0	28.41±3.41 d
7	30	1×10⁶	90	7.0	60.23±1.97 a
8	30	1×10⁷	30	9.0	53.41±1.97 b
9	30	1×10⁸	60	5.0	38.64±0.01 c
k₁	30.30	37.50	35.98	37.12
k₂	36.74	48.86	31.06	42.05
k₃	47.73	28.41	47.73	35.61
R	17.43	20.45	16.67	6.44

表3 接种菌株ZN-S21后南亚果实蝇三龄幼虫的累计校正死亡率

Table 3 Corrected accumulative mortality of 3rd instar larvae of Bactrocera tau with inoculation of strain ZN-S21

孢子浓度 Spore concentration/mL^-1	累计校正死亡率Corrected accumulative mortality/%					LT₅₀/d
孢子浓度 Spore concentration/mL^-1	3 d	5 d	7 d	10 d	15 d	LT₅₀/d
1.0×10⁴	4.44±3.85 b	5.75±1.99 d	10.34±3.45 d	16.09±3.98 e	18.97±7.31 e	41.72±13.77 a
1.0×10⁵	6.67±0 b	9.20±1.99 d	33.33±1.99 c	51.72±0.01 d	51.72±0.01 d	12.61±0.10 b
1.0×10⁶	6.67±0 b	22.99±1.99 c	39.08±1.99 b	63.22±1.99 c	65.52±0.01 c	10.08±0.09 b
1.0×10⁷	11.11±1.92 a	28.74±1.99 b	42.53±1.99 b	67.82±1.99 b	72.41±0.01 b	9.05±0.10 b
1.0×10⁸	13.33±0 a	35.63±1.99 a	51.72±3.45 a	79.31±0.01 a	84.48±2.44 a	7.50±0.12 b

表4 菌株ZN-S21对南亚果实蝇的致死中浓度(LC50)

Table 4 Median lethal concentration (LC50) of strain ZN-S21 against the 3rd instar larvae of Bactrocera tau

t/d	LC₅₀/mL^-1	LC₅₀的95%置信区间/mL^-1 95% Confidence interval of LC₅₀/mL^-1
3	3.669×10⁸	6.970×10⁵~1.931×10⁸
5	7.468×10⁸	1.171×10⁸~4.763×10⁹
7	3.039×10⁷	2.403×10⁶~3.844×10⁸
10	4.655×10⁵	1.022×10⁵~2.120×10⁶
15	2.945×10⁵	9.378×10⁴~9.251×10⁵

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爪哇虫草菌ZN-S21的培养特征及其对南亚果实蝇的室内杀虫活性

Cultural characteristics of Cordyceps javanica strain ZN-S21 and its indoor insecticidal activity against Bactrocera tau

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