唑类药物防治真菌病害的应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250276

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 397-404.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250276

唑类药物防治真菌病害的应用研究进展

左丽姿¹^,²(), 王馨禾²^,³, 郝中娜², 肖琛闻⁴, 王静²^,^*(), 申屠旭萍¹, 王教瑜²

1.中国计量大学生命科学学院, 浙江杭州 310018
2.农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 农业农村部植保生物技术重点实验室,农业农村部农业微生物组学重点实验室,全省农业微生物组学重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所, 浙江杭州 310021
3.浙江农林大学现代农学院, 浙江杭州 311300
4.浙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-03-24
作者简介:左丽姿,研究方向为作物病害防控。E-mail:18668073162@163.com
通讯作者: ^*王静,E-mail:wj9311@163.com

Research progress on the application of azole antifungals in fungal disease control

ZUO Lizi¹^,²(), WANG Xinhe²^,³, HAO Zhongna², XIAO Chenwen⁴, WANG Jing²^,^*(), SHENTU Xuping¹, WANG Jiaoyu²

1. College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
4. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2025-04-07 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

真菌感染已成为威胁全球公共卫生和农业安全的重大挑战。在医学领域,侵袭性真菌病(如肺曲霉病、隐球菌性脑膜炎)在免疫缺陷患者中呈现高致死率特征,而耐药菌株的不断涌现使得临床治疗面临严峻挑战;在农业方面,镰刀菌、稻瘟病菌和曲霉等植物病原真菌不仅导致作物显著减产,其产生的真菌毒素更通过食物链对食品安全构成持续性威胁。唑类药物作为核心抗真菌剂,通过特异性抑制真菌细胞膜麦角甾醇合成途径中的关键酶(Erg11/Cyp51)发挥广谱抑菌作用。然而,这类药物的单靶点作用机制与过度施用加速了耐药性危机的蔓延。同时,医学与农业领域对唑类药物的交叉使用促进了耐药基因的跨物种传播,形成了复杂的“环境-临床耐药循环”。本研究系统解析了病原真菌的致病机制与唑类药物的作用机理,探讨了唑类药物在医药和农业领域的应用现状及耐药性演化规律,为应对这一跨领域挑战的防控策略提供了科学依据,对维护人类健康和保障农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 真菌, 唑类药物, 医药领域, 农业领域, 耐药性

Abstract:

Fungal infections have become a major challenge threatening global public health and agricultural security. In the clinical field, invasive mycoses, particularly pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis, demonstrate substantial mortality rates among immunocompromised individuals, while the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains poses severe challenges to clinical treatment. In the agricultural field, phytopathogenic fungi including Fusarium spp., Magnaporthe oryzae, and Aspergillus spp. not only diminish agricultural productivity but also compromise food safety through mycotoxin contamination of food commodities. Azole antifungals constitute the cornerstone of fungal infection management, exhibiting broad-spectrum fungicidal activity by specifically inhibiting the key enzyme (Erg11/Cyp51) in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway of fungal cell membranes. However, the monotropic mechanism of action coupled with widespread implementation has accelerating resistance development. The concurrent utilization of structurally similar azole compounds in both clinical and agricultural applications has facilitated interspecies transmission of resistance determinants, establishing a complex “environment-clinical resistance continuum”. This study comprehensively characterized the pathogenicity mechanisms of fungal pathogens, elucidated the pharmacological properties of azole compounds, examined their current clinical and agricultural applications, and analyzed the evolutionary patterns of resistance emergence. These findings provide scientific evidence for developing integrated mitigation strategies against this transdisciplinary challenge, with significant implications for human health preservation and sustainable agricultural systems.

Key words: fungi, azole antifungal, clinical field, agricultural field, drug resistance

中图分类号:

S482.2

左丽姿, 王馨禾, 郝中娜, 肖琛闻, 王静, 申屠旭萍, 王教瑜. 唑类药物防治真菌病害的应用研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(2): 397-404.

ZUO Lizi, WANG Xinhe, HAO Zhongna, XIAO Chenwen, WANG Jing, SHENTU Xuping, WANG Jiaoyu. Research progress on the application of azole antifungals in fungal disease control[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(2): 397-404.

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唑类药物防治真菌病害的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of azole antifungals in fungal disease control

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