纯化米糠对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250344

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 845-856.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250344

纯化米糠对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响

覃海桑¹^,²(), 李建强², 刘钊君², 吴宇航², 顾杰³, 张戈³, 姜元荣³, 李进军², 王欣², 匡建², 边祥雨², 史芳舒², 陈荫¹, 闻正顺¹^,⁴^,^*(), 李小琼²^,^*()

¹ 浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院, 浙江舟山 316022
² 浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310021
³ 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司, 上海 200137
⁴ 湘湖实验室, 浙江杭州 311231

收稿日期:2025-04-28 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:覃海桑,研究方向为益生菌、益生元。E-mail:qinhaisang@zjou.edu.cn
通讯作者: *闻正顺,E-mail:wenzhengshun@xhlab.ac.cn;李小琼,E-mail:lixiaoqiong@zaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国营养学会-全民营养科学基金(CNS-NNSRG2021-79)

Effects of purified rice bran on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice

QIN Haisang¹^,²(), LI Jianqiang², LIU Zhaojun², WU Yuhang², GU Jie³, ZHANG Ge³, JIANG Yuanrong³, LI Jinjun², WANG Xin², KUANG Jian², BIAN Xiangyu², SHI Fangshu², CHEN Yin¹, WEN Zhengshun¹^,⁴^,^*(), LI Xiaoqiong²^,^*()

¹ Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China
² State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
³ Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
⁴ Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China

Received:2025-04-28 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

米糠是粮食加工过程中的副产物,富含膳食纤维,具有良好的营养与功能价值。本研究采用α-淀粉酶对米糠进行酶解,制备纯化米糠(PRB),并探讨其对D-半乳糖(D-gal)诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠行为能力、抗氧化水平及肠道菌群组成的调节作用。结果显示,D-gal处理显著(p<0.05)损害小鼠的运动与认知功能,而PRB干预能有效缓解该损伤,且呈剂量依赖性反应,高剂量组效果最为显著。抗氧化指标方面,PRB可显著提高小鼠体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,从而缓解氧化应激反应。肠道菌群分析结果表明,PRB可通过调节微生物多样性,抑制有害菌如脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)的相对丰度,促进有益菌如双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、理研菌属(Rikenella)的增殖,从而改善肠道菌群失衡。同时,PRB显著促进短链脂肪酸(SCFA,主要包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸)的生成,有助于调节肠道pH值,维持肠道环境稳态。PRB通过多维度机制协同改善衰老相关氧化损伤与肠道菌群紊乱,促进机体健康。

关键词: 纯化米糠, 衰老, 肠道菌群, 短链脂肪酸, 抗氧化

Abstract:

Rice bran, a by-product of grain processing, is rich in dietary fiber and possesses valuable nutritional and functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological effects of purified rice bran (PRB), produced via α-amylase hydrolysis, on behavioral function, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota composition in a murine model of subacute aging induced by D-galactose (D-gal). The results showed that D-gal treatment significantly (p<0.05) impaired locomotor and cognitive functions. In contrast, PRB supplementation effectively alleviated these deficits dose-dependently, with the high-dose group showing the most pronounced improvement. In terms of antioxidant capacity, PRB significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content, yet reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PRB regulated microbial diversity, suppressed harmful bacteria such as Desulfovibrio, and promoted the growth of beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium, Rikenella, promoting microbial homeostasis. Moreover, PRB significantly enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), including acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids, contributing to intestinal pH value regulation and homeostasis. Overall, PRB exerted synergistic effects on oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis in aging mice, suggesting its potential to promote gut health and overall well-being.

Key words: purified rice bran, aging, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid, antioxidation

中图分类号:

TS201.4

覃海桑, 李建强, 刘钊君, 吴宇航, 顾杰, 张戈, 姜元荣, 李进军, 王欣, 匡建, 边祥雨, 史芳舒, 陈荫, 闻正顺, 李小琼. 纯化米糠对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 845-856.

QIN Haisang, LI Jianqiang, LIU Zhaojun, WU Yuhang, GU Jie, ZHANG Ge, JIANG Yuanrong, LI Jinjun, WANG Xin, KUANG Jian, BIAN Xiangyu, SHI Fangshu, CHEN Yin, WEN Zhengshun, LI Xiaoqiong. Effects of purified rice bran on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 845-856.

图/表 8

表1 纯化前后的米糠性状对比

Table 1 Comparison of rice bran traits before and after purification

样品 Sample	c_sta/%	c_pro/%	c_fat/%	c_ash/%	c_TDF/%	c_WEA/%	c_ara/%	c_FTP/ (mg·g^-1)	c_BTP/ (mg·g^-1)
RB	19.35±0.31	19.42±0.34	2.47±0.09	12.56±0.14	38.00±0.56	0.20±0.02	16.49±0.12	2.05±0.04	6.51±0.20
PRB	2.12±0.33	26.48±0.55	2.00±0.36	8.72±0.17	64.01±0.27	0.24±0.05	20.18±0.39	2.69±0.06	6.53±0.07

表2 各组小鼠的饮食组成单位:g

Table 2 Diet composition of mice in each group Unit: g

原料 Ingredient	各组每1 kg饲料的原料构成Ingredient composition of feed per kilogram for each group
原料 Ingredient	CON	MOD	PRBL	PRBM	PRBH
酪蛋白Casein	123.8	123.8	123.8	123.8	123.8
L-胱氨酸L-Cystine	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
玉米淀粉Corn starch	383.2	383.2	323.7	264.2	204.7
麦芽糊精10 Maltodextrin 10	125	125	125	125	125
蔗糖Sucrose	100	100	100	100	100
纯化米糠Purified rice bran	0	0	100	200	300
纤维素BW200 Cellulose BW200	121.5	121.5	81	40.5	0
大豆油Soybean oil	40	40	40	40	40
猪油Lard	57.2	57.2	57.2	57.2	57.2
混合矿物质 S10022M Mineral mix S10022M	35	35	35	35	35
混合维生素 V10037 Vitamin mix V10037	10	10	10	10	10
酒石酸氢胆碱Choline bitartrate	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
合计 Total	1 000	1 000	1 000	1 000	1 000

图1 不同处理对小鼠行为学表现的影响 A、B展示旷场实验的结果;C展示Y迷宫实验的结果;D展示新物体识别实验的结果;E展示爬杆实验的结果。柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。

Fig.1 Effect of different treatments on behavioral performance of mice Panels A and B show the results of the open field test; Panel C shows the results of the Y-maze test; Panel D shows the results of the novel object recognition test; Panel E shows the results of the pole climbing test. Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant differences at p<0.05.

图2 不同处理对小鼠血清氧化应激水平的影响 T-AOC,总抗氧化能力;ASOD,超氧化物歧化酶活性;cGSH,谷胱甘肽含量;cMDA,丙二醛含量。

Fig.2 Effect of different treatments on oxidative stress in serum of mice T-AOC, Total antioxidant capacity; ASOD, Superoxide dismutase activity; cGSH, Glutathione content; cMDA, Malondialdehyde content.

图3 不同处理对小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸含量的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different treatments on short-chain fatty acids contents in feces of mice

图4 不同处理对小鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响 A,Chao1指数;B,香农指数;C,Bray _ Curtis _ PCoA;D,Jaccard _ PCoA。PCoA,主坐标分析;PCoA1,第1主坐标轴;PCoA2,第2主坐标轴。

Fig.4 Effect of different treatments on intestinal microbial diversity of mice A, Chao1 index; B, Shannon index; C, Bray _ Curtis _ PCoA; D, Jaccard _ PCoA. PCoA, Principal coordinates analysis; PCoA1, Principal coordinate 1; PCoA2, Principal coordinate 2.

图5 不同处理对小鼠肠道菌群的影响 Firmicutes,厚壁菌门;Desulfobacterota,脱硫杆菌门;Bacteroidota,拟杆菌门;Proteobacteria,变形菌门;Actinobacteriota,放线菌门;Verrucomicrobiota,疣微菌门;Patescibacteria,软壁菌门;Deferribacterota,脱铁杆菌门;Campylobacterota,弯曲杆菌门;Fusobacteriota,梭杆菌门;Deinococcota,异常球菌门;Cyanobacteria,蓝细菌门;Synergistota,互营菌门;Bdellovibrionota,蛭弧菌门;Planctomycetota,浮霉菌门;Spirochaetota,螺旋体门;other,其他。Desulfovibrio,脱硫弧菌属;Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,毛螺菌科NK4A136 类群;Colidextribacter,柯氏菌属;Akkermansia,阿克曼氏菌属;Muribaculum,穆里杆菌属;Clostridium,梭菌属;Roseburia,罗氏菌属;Alistipes,另枝菌属;Oscillibacter,颤杆菌属;Bifidobacterium,双歧杆菌属;Candidatus_Saccharimonas,候选糖单胞菌属;Odoribacter,臭气杆菌属;Acetatifactor,产乙酸菌属;Bilophila,嗜胆菌属;Anaerotigum,厌氧棒菌属;Escherichia-Shigella,埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌属复合群;Tyzzerella,泰泽氏菌属;Robinsoniella,罗宾逊氏菌属;GCA-900066575_group,GCA-900066575 基因组组装类群;Incertae_Sedis,分类地位未确定;Enterorhabdus,肠杆菌属;Mucispirillum,黏螺旋菌属;Rikenella,理研菌属;Parabacteroides,副拟杆菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,理研菌科RC9肠道类群;Eisenbergiella,艾森伯格氏菌属;Coprococcus,粪球菌属;Intestinimonas,肠单胞菌属;Streptococcus,链球菌属;Eubacteriaceae_Coprococcus_hilum_group,真杆菌科粪球菌属hilum类群。Mulbaculaceae_unclassified,Mulbaculaceae科未分类群;Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified,脱硫弧菌科未分类群;Parasutterella,副萨特氏菌属;Paramuribaculum,副穆里杆菌属;Firmicutes_unclassified,厚壁菌门未分类群;Clostridiales_unclassified,梭菌目未分类群;Helicobacter,螺杆菌属;Lachnospiraceae_unclassified,毛螺菌科未分类群;Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group,木糖嗜真杆菌组;A2,A2未分类类群。下同。A,门水平上主要菌门的相对丰度;B,属水平上主要菌属的相对丰度;C,不同处理下厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的相对丰度之比(F/B);D~K依次展示Desulfovibrio、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、Colidextribacter、Akkermansia、Bifidobacterium、Acetatifactor、Rikenella、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group在各处理下的相对丰度;L,不同处理下属水平标志微生物的线性判别分析(LDA)得分。

Fig.5 Effect of different treatments on intestinal flora of mice A, Relative abundance of the dominant phyla at the phylum level; B, Relative abundance of the dominant genera at the genus level; C, Ratio of the relative abundance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B) under different treatments; D-K show the relative abundances of Desulfovibrio, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Colidextribacter, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Acetatifactor, Rikenella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group under different treatments in sequence; L, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores of the biomarker microbes at the genus level under different treatments.

图6 小鼠肠道菌群(属水平)相对丰度与短链脂肪酸含量及抗氧化指标的斯皮尔曼(Spearman)相关分析 cAA,乙酸含量;cPA,丙酸含量;cBA,丁酸含量;cVA,戊酸含量;T-AOC,总抗氧化能力;ASOD,超氧化物歧化酶活性;cGSH,谷胱甘肽含量;cMDA,丙二醛含量。“*”和“**”分别显示显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.01)相关。

Fig.6 Spearman correlation analysis of the relative abundance of gut microbiota (genus level) with short-chain fatty acids contents and antioxidant indices of mice cAA, Acetic acid content; cPA, Propanoic acid content; cBA, Butyric acid content; cVA, Valeric acid content; T-AOC, Total antioxidant capacity; ASOD, Superoxide dismutase activity; cGSH, Glutathione content; cMDA, Malondialdehyde content. “*” and “**” indicate significant correlation at p<0.05 and p<0.01 level, respectively.

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纯化米糠对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响

Effects of purified rice bran on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice

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