新疆地区伊犁郁金香花色表型多样性及其与地理因子的相关性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250457

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1589-1597.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250457

新疆地区伊犁郁金香花色表型多样性及其与地理因子的相关性

秦斗文(), 田吉婷, 巨秀婷^*()

青海大学农牧学院, 青海省园林植物与观赏园艺重点实验室,青海大学高原花卉研究中心, 青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-14
作者简介:秦斗文,主要从事观赏植物遗传育种研究。E-mail:qindouwen@163.com
通讯作者: *巨秀婷,E-mail:juxiuting@163.com
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金(2025-ZJ-950M);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养项目(中科人字〔2022〕4号)

Phenotypic diversity of flower color of Tulipa iliensis in Xinjiang of China and its correlation with geographical factors

QIN Douwen(), TIAN Jiting, JU Xiuting^*()

Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants and Ornamental Horticulture of Qinghai Province, Plateau Flower Research Center of Qinghai University, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received:2025-06-23 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-09-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究伊犁郁金香自然分布居群花色表型多样性,利用色差仪对自然分布的23个伊犁郁金香居群315个个体进行花色表型值测定,利用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、相关分析等方法研究不同居群的花色表型多样性。结果表明:伊犁郁金香不同居群之间花色明度值(L^*)、红度值(a^*)、黄度值(b^*)、彩度值(C^*)、色调角(h)均有不同程度的变化,且部分居群之间差异较大,23个居群的L^*介于45.64~67.19之间,主要为中等明度;a^*变化范围为2.43~14.95,花色偏红色且红色强度为低红度;b^*变化范围为19.13~40.83,花色偏黄色且黄色强度为低中黄度;C^*变化范围为25.88~43.50,饱和度等级为中高饱和度;h变化范围为24.82~78.27,颜色类型为红色、橙红色和橙黄色。23个居群的聚类分析结果显示,在欧氏平均距离为5时可划分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ、Ⅱ均有10个居群,占比均为43.48%。其中类群Ⅱ的10个居群花色以橙色系为主,类群Ⅲ仅有花色变异较大的3个居群(BDW、BSF、NLT),占比为13.04%,花色以橙红色为主。不同居群花色性状与地理因子之间的相关性分析表明L^*、b^*、C^*和h与纬度均呈极显著正相关,L^*、a^*、b^*、C^*、h与海拔和经度无显著相关性。该研究证实,在纬度的影响下,采样区内伊犁郁金香自然居群花色表型具有多样性,存在丰富的花色变异。

关键词: 伊犁郁金香, 居群, 花色, 表型多样性, 聚类分析

Abstract:

To investigate the flower color phenotypic diversity of natural Tulipa iliensis populations, flower color phenotypic values were measured using a colorimeter for 315 individuals from 23 natural populations. One-way ANOVA, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were used to examine flower color phenotypic diversity across populations. Results showed that the values of lightness (L^*), redness (a^*), yellowness (b^*), chroma (C^*) and hue angle (h) varied to different extents among populations, with considerable differences observed between some populations. Across the 23 populations, L^* ranged from 45.64 to 67.19, mainly indicating medium lightness; a^* ranged from 2.43 to 14.95, biased towards red with low redness intensity; b^* ranged from 19.13 to 40.83, biased towards yellow with low-to-medium yellowness intensity; C^* ranged from 25.88 to 43.50, belonging to the medium-to-high saturation level; and h ranged from 24.82 to 78.27, corresponding to red, orange-red, and orange-yellow color types. Cluster analysis indicated that at a Euclidean average distance of 5, the 23 populations could be divided into three groups. Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ each contained 10 populations(43.48% each), with the flower color of Group Ⅱ predominantly orange. Group Ⅲ comprised three populations (BDW, BSF and NLT), accounting for 13.04%, exhibiting substantial flower color variation and dominated by orange-red. Correlation analysis between flower color traits and geographic factors revealed that L^*, b^*, C^* and h were highly significantly positively correlated with latitude, whereas no significant correlations were found between L^*, a^*, b^*, C^*, h and either altitude or longitude. This study confirmed that under the influence of latitude, flower color phenotypes of natural T. iliensis populations within the sampling area are diverse, exhibiting rich variation.

Key words: Tulipa iliensis, population, flower color, phenotypic diversity, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S682.263

秦斗文, 田吉婷, 巨秀婷. 新疆地区伊犁郁金香花色表型多样性及其与地理因子的相关性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(8): 1589-1597.

QIN Douwen, TIAN Jiting, JU Xiuting. Phenotypic diversity of flower color of Tulipa iliensis in Xinjiang of China and its correlation with geographical factors[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1589-1597.

图/表 7

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居群编号 Population number	采样地点 Location	样本数量 Sample quantity	海拔/m Altitude/m	经度(E) Longitude(E)	纬度(N) Latitude(N)
BDW	乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区 Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, China	15	803~853	87°42'27″	43°52'14″
SRG	乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区 Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, China	15	924~1 007	87°46'54″	43°49'14″
XLG	乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区 Saybagh District, Urumqi City, China	15	866~885	87°30'01″	43°50'01″
SMG	乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区 Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, China	15	958~984	87°42'53″	43°47'40″
LCG	乌鲁木齐市米东区 Midong District, Urumqi City, China	15	896~944	87°48'01″	43°54'28″
HXG	乌鲁木齐市米东区 Midong District, Urumqi City, China	15	1 067~1 155	87°53'46″	43°54'20″
MXT	乌鲁木齐市乌鲁木齐县 Urumqi County, Urumqi City, China	15	1 531~1 629	87°37'52″	43°26'57″
YML	乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区 Saybagh District, Urumqi City, China	15	937~964	87°34'26″	43°47'54″
BFG	乌鲁木齐市乌鲁木齐县 Urumqi County, Urumqi City, China	12	1 707~1 721	87°16'10″	43°27'13″
BSF	伊犁哈萨克自治州察布查尔锡伯自治县 Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 745~1 808	81°12'23″	43°32'56″
YLH	伊犁哈萨克自治州察布查尔锡伯自治县 Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, China	4	656~657	81°07'19″	43°29'44″
NLT	伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县 Xinyuan County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 685~1 723	80°57'59″	44°19'54″
SMS	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 264~1 296	81°34'03″	43°43'39″
GYM	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 333~1 369	84°18'39″	43°16'03″
QEG	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 418~1 429	86°35'13″	43°48'07″
KJS	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 637~1 673	86°37'25″	43°47'27″
FHH	昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县 Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 349~1 364	86°29'19″	43°49'23″
YHC	昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县 Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 332~1 334	86°20'07″	43°50'16″
SWS	塔城地区沙湾市 Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	15	1 313~1 328	86°14'01″	43°52'46″
GYG	塔城地区沙湾市 Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	14	1 289~1 327	86°11'30″	43°55'33″
BET	塔城地区沙湾市博尔通古乡 Bortonggu Township, Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	15	1 668~1 697	85°51'22″	43°58'04″
BYG	塔城地区沙湾市博尔通古乡 Bortonggu Township, Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	15	1 723~1 732	85°52'19″	43°55'58″
XGB	塔城地区沙湾市博尔通古乡 Bortonggu Township, Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	5	955~962	85°15'19″	43°59'46″

居群编号 Population number	采样地点 Location	样本数量 Sample quantity	海拔/m Altitude/m	经度(E) Longitude(E)	纬度(N) Latitude(N)
BDW	乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区 Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, China	15	803~853	87°42'27″	43°52'14″
SRG	乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区 Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, China	15	924~1 007	87°46'54″	43°49'14″
XLG	乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区 Saybagh District, Urumqi City, China	15	866~885	87°30'01″	43°50'01″
SMG	乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区 Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, China	15	958~984	87°42'53″	43°47'40″
LCG	乌鲁木齐市米东区 Midong District, Urumqi City, China	15	896~944	87°48'01″	43°54'28″
HXG	乌鲁木齐市米东区 Midong District, Urumqi City, China	15	1 067~1 155	87°53'46″	43°54'20″
MXT	乌鲁木齐市乌鲁木齐县 Urumqi County, Urumqi City, China	15	1 531~1 629	87°37'52″	43°26'57″
YML	乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区 Saybagh District, Urumqi City, China	15	937~964	87°34'26″	43°47'54″
BFG	乌鲁木齐市乌鲁木齐县 Urumqi County, Urumqi City, China	12	1 707~1 721	87°16'10″	43°27'13″
BSF	伊犁哈萨克自治州察布查尔锡伯自治县 Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 745~1 808	81°12'23″	43°32'56″
YLH	伊犁哈萨克自治州察布查尔锡伯自治县 Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, China	4	656~657	81°07'19″	43°29'44″
NLT	伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县 Xinyuan County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 685~1 723	80°57'59″	44°19'54″
SMS	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 264~1 296	81°34'03″	43°43'39″
GYM	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 333~1 369	84°18'39″	43°16'03″
QEG	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 418~1 429	86°35'13″	43°48'07″
KJS	昌吉回族自治州呼图壁县 Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 637~1 673	86°37'25″	43°47'27″
FHH	昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县 Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 349~1 364	86°29'19″	43°49'23″
YHC	昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县 Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China	15	1 332~1 334	86°20'07″	43°50'16″
SWS	塔城地区沙湾市 Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	15	1 313~1 328	86°14'01″	43°52'46″
GYG	塔城地区沙湾市 Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	14	1 289~1 327	86°11'30″	43°55'33″
BET	塔城地区沙湾市博尔通古乡 Bortonggu Township, Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	15	1 668~1 697	85°51'22″	43°58'04″
BYG	塔城地区沙湾市博尔通古乡 Bortonggu Township, Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	15	1 723~1 732	85°52'19″	43°55'58″
XGB	塔城地区沙湾市博尔通古乡 Bortonggu Township, Shawan City, Tacheng Prefecture, China	5	955~962	85°15'19″	43°59'46″

居群Population	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	h/(°)
BDW	52.96±1.97 fg	10.08±1.68 abcd	22.78±2.41 gh	26.39±1.78 gh	51.10±11.07 ab
SRG	55.39±1.68 def	12.70±1.97 ab	28.20±2.02 efg	31.98±1.80 efgh	65.20±3.82 a
XLG	57.22±1.46 cdef	10.18±1.57 abcd	29.43±2.49 defg	31.89±2.30 efgh	69.36±3.69 a
SMG	56.12±1.89 def	10.41±2.07 abcd	27.48±3.35 efgh	31.18±2.78 efgh	54.05±11.51 ab
HXG	55.44±1.58 def	11.68±1.56 abc	25.80±1.51 fgh	29.09±1.25 fgh	64.87±3.39 a
LCG	58.17±2.13 cdef	9.03±1.43 abcd	30.40±2.67 cdefg	32.49±2.36 defgh	58.93±11.09 ab
MXT	53.88±1.90 efg	4.52±1.86 de	23.57±2.41 gh	25.97±1.49 h	25.62±18.75 b
YML	59.27±1.73 bcdef	6.23±1.44 cde	33.54±1.79 abcdef	34.85±1.29 bcdef	66.23±11.60 a
BFG	60.33±1.72 bcde	2.43±1.88 e	34.24±2.61 abcdef	35.22±2.16 bcdef	24.82±24.27 b
BSF	49.27±2.28 gh	13.39±1.49 ab	24.29±2.16 gh	28.48±2.74 fgh	58.44±4.23 ab
YLH	57.35±2.92 cdef	5.99±1.40 cde	31.11±3.97 bcdefg	31.86±3.74 efgh	78.27±3.54 a
NLT	45.64±2.07 h	14.95±1.35 a	19.13±2.90 h	25.88±2.12 h	47.49±5.24 ab
GYG	62.87±1.80 abc	8.95±1.96 abcd	39.43±2.30 ab	41.08±2.27 abc	76.74±2.84 a
YHC	61.97±1.40 abcd	10.38±1.23 abcd	40.05±2.16 ab	41.58±2.21 ab	75.39±1.48 a
QEG	61.06±1.92 abcd	8.91±0.80 abcd	35.66±2.41 abcde	37.16±2.07 abcde	74.20±2.70 a
SMS	57.39±1.75 cdef	10.80±2.45 abc	30.16±2.40 cdefg	33.71±1.97 cdefg	57.10±11.13 ab
GYM	62.81±1.36 abc	6.38±1.55 cde	38.83±2.19 abc	39.84±2.10 abcd	56.49±15.24 ab
FHH	61.67±1.05 abcd	8.65±1.08 bcd	39.69±1.87 ab	40.86±1.81 abc	77.38±1.76 a
SWS	64.78±2.01 ab	8.74±1.43 bcd	40.83±2.29 a	42.30±1.99 ab	64.98±11.19 a
KJS	59.86±2.09 bcde	11.53±1.54 abc	37.43±3.62 abcd	40.23±3.07 abc	70.05±4.05 a
BET	59.43±1.66 bcde	7.50±1.84 bcde	36.05±2.63 abcde	37.98±2.03 abcde	52.18±15.25 ab
XGB	67.19±2.59 a	9.63±1.87 abcd	42.20±4.71 a	43.50±4.57 a	76.69±3.12 a
BYG	60.19±1.36 bcde	9.49±1.32 abcd	35.21±1.65 abcde	36.97±1.34 abcde	74.29±2.70 a

居群Population	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	h/(°)
BDW	52.96±1.97 fg	10.08±1.68 abcd	22.78±2.41 gh	26.39±1.78 gh	51.10±11.07 ab
SRG	55.39±1.68 def	12.70±1.97 ab	28.20±2.02 efg	31.98±1.80 efgh	65.20±3.82 a
XLG	57.22±1.46 cdef	10.18±1.57 abcd	29.43±2.49 defg	31.89±2.30 efgh	69.36±3.69 a
SMG	56.12±1.89 def	10.41±2.07 abcd	27.48±3.35 efgh	31.18±2.78 efgh	54.05±11.51 ab
HXG	55.44±1.58 def	11.68±1.56 abc	25.80±1.51 fgh	29.09±1.25 fgh	64.87±3.39 a
LCG	58.17±2.13 cdef	9.03±1.43 abcd	30.40±2.67 cdefg	32.49±2.36 defgh	58.93±11.09 ab
MXT	53.88±1.90 efg	4.52±1.86 de	23.57±2.41 gh	25.97±1.49 h	25.62±18.75 b
YML	59.27±1.73 bcdef	6.23±1.44 cde	33.54±1.79 abcdef	34.85±1.29 bcdef	66.23±11.60 a
BFG	60.33±1.72 bcde	2.43±1.88 e	34.24±2.61 abcdef	35.22±2.16 bcdef	24.82±24.27 b
BSF	49.27±2.28 gh	13.39±1.49 ab	24.29±2.16 gh	28.48±2.74 fgh	58.44±4.23 ab
YLH	57.35±2.92 cdef	5.99±1.40 cde	31.11±3.97 bcdefg	31.86±3.74 efgh	78.27±3.54 a
NLT	45.64±2.07 h	14.95±1.35 a	19.13±2.90 h	25.88±2.12 h	47.49±5.24 ab
GYG	62.87±1.80 abc	8.95±1.96 abcd	39.43±2.30 ab	41.08±2.27 abc	76.74±2.84 a
YHC	61.97±1.40 abcd	10.38±1.23 abcd	40.05±2.16 ab	41.58±2.21 ab	75.39±1.48 a
QEG	61.06±1.92 abcd	8.91±0.80 abcd	35.66±2.41 abcde	37.16±2.07 abcde	74.20±2.70 a
SMS	57.39±1.75 cdef	10.80±2.45 abc	30.16±2.40 cdefg	33.71±1.97 cdefg	57.10±11.13 ab
GYM	62.81±1.36 abc	6.38±1.55 cde	38.83±2.19 abc	39.84±2.10 abcd	56.49±15.24 ab
FHH	61.67±1.05 abcd	8.65±1.08 bcd	39.69±1.87 ab	40.86±1.81 abc	77.38±1.76 a
SWS	64.78±2.01 ab	8.74±1.43 bcd	40.83±2.29 a	42.30±1.99 ab	64.98±11.19 a
KJS	59.86±2.09 bcde	11.53±1.54 abc	37.43±3.62 abcd	40.23±3.07 abc	70.05±4.05 a
BET	59.43±1.66 bcde	7.50±1.84 bcde	36.05±2.63 abcde	37.98±2.03 abcde	52.18±15.25 ab
XGB	67.19±2.59 a	9.63±1.87 abcd	42.20±4.71 a	43.50±4.57 a	76.69±3.12 a
BYG	60.19±1.36 bcde	9.49±1.32 abcd	35.21±1.65 abcde	36.97±1.34 abcde	74.29±2.70 a

类群 Group	居群数量 Number of populations	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	h/(°)	百分比/% Percentage/%
Ⅰ	10	53.88~60.33	2.43~12.70	23.57~34.24	25.97~35.22	24.82~78.27	43.48
Ⅱ	10	59.43~67.19	6.38~11.53	35.21~42.20	36.97~43.50	52.18~77.38	43.48
Ⅲ	3	45.64~52.96	10.08~14.95	19.13~24.29	25.88~28.48	47.49~58.44	13.04

新疆地区伊犁郁金香花色表型多样性及其与地理因子的相关性

Phenotypic diversity of flower color of Tulipa iliensis in Xinjiang of China and its correlation with geographical factors

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性状 Traits	相关系数Correlation coefficient
性状 Traits	海拔 Altitude	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
L^*	-0.144	0.202	0.712^**
a^*	0.030	-0.178	0.020
b^*	0.037	0.009	0.639^**
C^*	0.088	-0.006	0.632^**
h	-0.365	-0.248	0.665^**

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