›› 2012, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 0-859.

• 论文 •    

蜜源植物常用农药对蜜蜂急性毒性及风险评价

苍涛,王彦华,俞瑞鲜,吴长兴,陈丽萍,吴声敢,赵学平*
  

  1. 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地—浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室,农业部农药残留检测重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2012-09-24 发布日期:2012-09-24

The acute toxicity and risk assessment of 25 pesticides used in nectar plant to Apis mellifera L.

CANG Tao;WANG Yan-hua;YU Rui-xian;WU Chang-xing;CHEN Li-ping;WU Sheng-gan;ZHAO Xue-ping*   

  1. State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2012-09-24 Published:2012-09-24

摘要: 选择浙江省种植面积较大的4种蜜源植物,测定其开花期常用的25种农药对蜜蜂的急性毒性,并结合其田间最大施用剂量进行风险评价。结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素(EC)对蜜蜂的LC50值(48 h)为0.0528(0.0462~0.0603) mg·L-1,属于剧毒级;1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(EC)、40%杀扑磷(EC)、10%烯啶虫胺(AS)、40%辛硫磷(EC)、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯(EC)、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯(EC)、480 g·L-1毒死蜱(EC)、45%马拉硫磷(EC),10%吡虫啉(WP),90%敌百虫(TC)对蜜蜂的LC50值(48 h)范围为1.02(0.869~1.14)至13.9(12.4~15.5) mg·L-1,属于高毒级;15%哒螨灵(EC)、20%啶虫脒(SP)、15%乙蒜素(WP)对蜜蜂的LC50值(48 h)范围为43.3(37.5~50.0)至163(127~210) mg·L-1,属于中毒级;5%唑螨酯(SC)、250 g·L-1咪鲜胺(EC)、25%除虫脲(WP)、40%炔螨特(EC)、50%灭蝇胺(WP)、50%烯酰吗啉(WG)、75%多菌灵(WG)、25%噻嗪酮(WP)、35%腐霉利(SC)、50%异菌脲(WP)、75%百菌清(WP)对蜜蜂的LC50值(48 h)均大于200 mg·L-1,属于低毒级。其中1.8%阿维菌素(EC)、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(EC)、40%杀扑磷(EC)、10%烯啶虫胺(AS)、40%辛硫磷(EC)、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯(EC)、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯(EC)、480 g·L-1毒死蜱(EC)、45%马拉硫磷(EC)、90%敌百虫TC对蜜蜂具有极高风险,10%吡虫啉(WP)、15%哒螨灵(EC)、5%唑螨酯(SC)对蜜蜂具有高风险,20%啶虫脒(SP)、15%乙蒜素(WP)、250 g·L-1咪鲜胺(EC)、40%炔螨特(EC)、50%灭蝇胺(WP)、50%烯酰吗啉WG对蜜蜂中等风险,而其他的药剂对蜜蜂均为低风险。

关键词: 蜜源植物, 农药, 蜜蜂, 毒性, 风险评价

Abstract: Twenty-five pesticides, which were commonly used in the period of flowering of 4 main nectar plants in Zhejiang province, were chosen to determine the acute toxicity to bees (Apis mellifera L.) combining with the field maximum dose. The results showed that: the 48 h LC50 values of 1.8% EC abamectin to Apis mellifera L. was 0.0528 (0.0462-0.0603) mg·L-1, belongs to very high toxic grade; the 48 h LC50 values range of 1% EC emamectin benzoate, 40% EC methidathion, 10% AS nitenpyram, 40% EC phoxim, 2.5% EC lambda-cyhalothrin, 4.5% EC beta\|cypermethrin, 480 g·L-1 EC chlorpyrifos, 45% EC malathion, 10% WP imidacloprid and 90% TC trichlorfon to Apis mellifera L. were 1.02 (0.869-1.14) mg·L-1 to 13.9 (12.4-15.5) mg·L-1, belongs to high toxic grade; the 48 h LC50 values range of 15% EC pyridaben, 20% SP acetamiprid and 15% WP ethylicin to Apis mellifera L. were 43.3(37.5-50.0) mg·L-1 to 163(127-210) mg·L-1, belongs to moderate toxic grade; the LC50 values of 5% SC fenpyroximate, 250 g·L-1 EC prochloraz, 25% WP diflubenzuron, 40% EC propargite, 50% WP cyromazine, 50% WG dimethomorph, 75% WG carbendazim, 25% WP buprofezin, 35% SC procymidone, 50% WP iprodione and 75% WP chlorothalonil to Apis mellifera L. were higher than 200 mg·L-1, belongs to low toxic grade. The results showed that 1.8% EC abamectin, 1% EC emamectin benzoate, 40% EC methidathion, 10% AS nitenpyram, 40% EC phoxim, 2.5% EC lambda\|cyhalothrin, 4.5% EC beta\|cypermethrin, 480 g·L-1 EC chlorpyrifos, 45% EC malathion and 90% TC trichlorfon had very high risk to Apis mellifera L. 10% WP imidacloprid, 15% EC pyridaben and 5% SC fenpyroximate had high risk to Apis mellifera L. 20% SP acetamiprid, 15% WP ethylicin, 250 g·L-1 EC prochloraz, 40% EC propargite, 50% WP cyromazine and 50% WG dimethomorph were moderately risk to Apis mellifera L., while other pesticides were low-risk to Apis mellifera L.

Key words: nectar plant, pesticide, Apis mellifera L., toxicity, risk assessment