一株岩原鲤源致病性ST-251型嗜水气单胞菌的分离与生物学特性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.08

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 2286-2294.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.08

一株岩原鲤源致病性ST-251型嗜水气单胞菌的分离与生物学特性研究

陈梦竹¹(), 康振亚¹, 郭向辉¹, 耿毅¹^,^*(), 白明焕², 欧阳萍¹, 陈德芳³, 黄小丽³, 赖为民¹

1.四川农业大学动物医学院,四川成都611130
2.自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川自贡 643000
3.四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2021-01-22 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-01-10
通讯作者: 耿毅
作者简介:* 耿毅,E-mail: gengyisicau@126.com
陈梦竹(1996—),女,四川南充人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物病原学与病理学。E-mail: 1650937938@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省科技计划(2021YJ0272);四川省淡水鱼产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(SCCXTD-15)

Isolation and biological characteristics of a pathogenic ST-251 Aeromonas hydrophila from Procypris Rabaudi (rock carp)

CHEN Mengzhu¹(), KANG Zhenya¹, GUO Xianghui¹, GENG Yi¹^,^*(), BAI Minghuan², OUYANG Ping¹, CHEN Defang³, HUANG Xiaoli³, LAI Weimin¹

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Zigong Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Zigong 643000, China
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2021-01-22 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-01-10
Contact: GENG Yi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究宜宾某岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)养殖场以体表出血为特征的流行性疾病的病因,通过生理生化特性检测与16S rDNA、致病性试验、多位点序列分型(MLST)、纸片扩散法(K-B)明确该流行病的病原及其生物学特性。结果显示,从病鱼的肝、肾分离获得一株病原菌(YYL),鉴定其为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila),在水温(24±1)℃时,该菌对体重为(12.6±0.8)g的岩原鲤半数致死量(LD₅₀)为5.8×10⁴ CFU·g^-1;药物敏感性试验表明,该菌对头孢他定、庆大霉素、多西环素、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考等敏感,对亚胺培南、罗红霉素、复方新诺明、磺胺异恶唑、克林霉素耐药;MLST分子分型其属于ST-251型,并携带aerA、hlyA、aphA、act、ast等毒力基因。该研究从体表出血为特征的发病岩原鲤分离到ST-251型嗜水气单胞菌,该菌株携带多种毒力因子,致病力强,在岩原鲤的养殖中应加强对该病原感染的预防与控制。

关键词: 嗜水气单胞菌, 分离鉴定, 多位点序列分型, 毒力因子, 耐药性, 岩原鲤

Abstract:

To explore the causes of epidemic diseases characterized by body surface bleeding in a Procypris rabaudi farm in Yibin, the pathogen and its biological characteristics were identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics,research on the pathogenesis,16S rDNA, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Kirby-Bauer (K-B). A pathogenic bacterium (YYL) was isolated from liver and kidney of diseased fish, and identified as Aeromonas hydrophila.When the water temperature was (24±1) ℃, its median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was 5.8 × 10 ⁴ CFU·g^-1 for rock carp weight of (12.6±0.8) g. Drug sensitivity test showed that the YYL was sensitive to many drugs, such as ceftazidime, gentamicin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, but resistant to imipenem, roxithromycin, compound sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin. The isolated A. hydrophila belonged to ST-251 type by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and carried virulence genes aerA, hlyA, aphA, act, ast. In this study, ST-251 A. hydrophila was isolated from the diseased rock carp characterized by body surface hemorrhage. This strain carried a variety of virulence factors and had strong pathogenicity. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of this pathogen infection in the cultivation of rock carp.

Key words: Aeromonas hydrophila, isolation and identification, multilocus sequence typing, virulence factor, drug resistance, Procypris rabaudi

中图分类号:

S917.1

陈梦竹, 康振亚, 郭向辉, 耿毅, 白明焕, 欧阳萍, 陈德芳, 黄小丽, 赖为民. 一株岩原鲤源致病性ST-251型嗜水气单胞菌的分离与生物学特性研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12): 2286-2294.

CHEN Mengzhu, KANG Zhenya, GUO Xianghui, GENG Yi, BAI Minghuan, OUYANG Ping, CHEN Defang, HUANG Xiaoli, LAI Weimin. Isolation and biological characteristics of a pathogenic ST-251 Aeromonas hydrophila from Procypris Rabaudi (rock carp)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(12): 2286-2294.

图/表 11

参考文献 32

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引物 Primer	上游引物 Forward primer (5'-3')	下游引物 Reverse primer(5'-3')	长度 Length/bp	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
gayrB	GGGGTCTACTGCTTCACCAA	CTTGTCCGGGTTGTACTCGT	477	59
groL	CAAGGAAGTTGCTTCCAAGG	CATCGATGATGGTGGTGTTC	510	56
metG	TGGCAACTGATCCTCGTACA	TCTTGTTGGCCATCTCTTCC	504	58
ppsA	AGTCCAACGAGTACGCCAAC	TCGGCCAGATAGAGCCAGGT	537	57
recA	AGAACAAACAGAAGGCACTGG	AACTTGAGCGCGTTACCAC	561	60
gltA	TTCCGTCTGCTCTCCAAGAT	GAAGATCACGGTGAACATGG	495	57

引物 Primer	上游引物 Forward primer (5'-3')	下游引物 Reverse primer(5'-3')	长度 Length/bp	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
gayrB	GGGGTCTACTGCTTCACCAA	CTTGTCCGGGTTGTACTCGT	477	59
groL	CAAGGAAGTTGCTTCCAAGG	CATCGATGATGGTGGTGTTC	510	56
metG	TGGCAACTGATCCTCGTACA	TCTTGTTGGCCATCTCTTCC	504	58
ppsA	AGTCCAACGAGTACGCCAAC	TCGGCCAGATAGAGCCAGGT	537	57
recA	AGAACAAACAGAAGGCACTGG	AACTTGAGCGCGTTACCAC	561	60
gltA	TTCCGTCTGCTCTCCAAGAT	GAAGATCACGGTGAACATGG	495	57

毒力基因 Virulence gene	上游引物 Forward primer (5'-3')	下游引物 Reverse primer(5'-3')	长度 Length/ bp	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
Aerolysin (aerA)	CCTATGGCCTGAGCGAGAAG	CCAGTTCCAGTCCCACCACT	431	55.5
Hemolysin (hlyA)	CAAGGAAGTTGCTTCCAAGG	CATCGATGATGGTGGTGTTC	592	62.0
Cytotoxic enterotoxin (act)	GAGAAGGTGACCACCAAGAACA	AACTGACATCGGCCTTGAACTC	232	56.0
Cytotonic heat-stable	TCTCCATGCTTCCCTTCCACT	GTGTAGGGATTGAAGAAGCCG	331	55.0
enterotoxin (ast)
Type III secretion system inner	AGAACAAACAGAAGGCACTGG	AACTTGAGCGCGTTACCAC	577	60.0
membrane component(ascV)
Serine protease (ahp)	ATTGGATCCCTGCCTATCGCTTCAGTTCA	GCTAAGCTTGCATCCGTGCCGTATTCC	911	55.0

毒力基因 Virulence gene	上游引物 Forward primer (5'-3')	下游引物 Reverse primer(5'-3')	长度 Length/ bp	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
Aerolysin (aerA)	CCTATGGCCTGAGCGAGAAG	CCAGTTCCAGTCCCACCACT	431	55.5
Hemolysin (hlyA)	CAAGGAAGTTGCTTCCAAGG	CATCGATGATGGTGGTGTTC	592	62.0
Cytotoxic enterotoxin (act)	GAGAAGGTGACCACCAAGAACA	AACTGACATCGGCCTTGAACTC	232	56.0
Cytotonic heat-stable	TCTCCATGCTTCCCTTCCACT	GTGTAGGGATTGAAGAAGCCG	331	55.0
enterotoxin (ast)
Type III secretion system inner	AGAACAAACAGAAGGCACTGG	AACTTGAGCGCGTTACCAC	577	60.0
membrane component(ascV)
Serine protease (ahp)	ATTGGATCCCTGCCTATCGCTTCAGTTCA	GCTAAGCTTGCATCCGTGCCGTATTCC	911	55.0

鉴定项目 Test items	结果 Result	鉴定项目 Test items	结果 Result
丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸芳胺酶Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase	+	蔗糖Saccharose	+
侧金盏花醇Adonitol	-	D-塔格糖D-tagatose	-
吡咯烷基芳胺酶L-prroldonyi arylamidase	-	D-海藻糖D-trehalose	+
L-阿拉伯醇L-arabitol	-	柠檬酸盐Citrate	-
D-纤维二糖D-cellose	-	丙二酸盐Malonate	-
β-半乳糖苷酶β-galactosidase	+	5-酮-葡萄糖苷5-Keto-d-gluconate	-
H₂S	+	乳酸盐产碱L-lactate alkalinisation	+
β-N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase	+	α-葡萄糖α-glucosidase	-
谷氨酰芳胺酶Glutamyl arylamidase pNA	-	琥珀酸盐产碱Succinate alkalinisation	+
D-葡萄糖D-glucose	+	N-乙酰-β-半乳糖氨酶β-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase	-
γ-谷氨酰转移酶γ-glutamyl transferase	-	α-半乳糖苷酶β-galactosidase	-
葡萄糖发酵Glucose fermentation	+	磷酸酶Phosphatase	-
β-葡萄糖苷酶β-glucosidase	-	氨基乙酸芳胺酶Glycine arylamidase	+
D-麦芽糖D-maltose	+	鸟氨酸脱羧酶Ornithine decarboxylase	-
D-甘露醇(dMAN)D-mannitol	+	赖氨酸脱羧酶Lysine decarboxylase	-
D-甘露糖D-mannose	+	组氨酸同化L-Histidine assimilation	-
β-木糖苷酶β-xylosidase	-	COURMARATE (CMT)	+
β-丙氨酸芳胺酶β-alanine arylamidase pNA	-	β-葡萄糖苷酸酶β-glucoronidase	-
L-脯氨酸芳胺酶L-proline arylamidase	-	0/129耐受0/129 Resistance	+
脂酶Lipase	+	谷氨酸-甘氨酸-精氨酸芳胺酶Glu-Gly-Arg arylamidase	-
酪氨酸芳胺酶Tyrosine arylamidase	-	L-苹果酸盐同化L-malate assimilation	-
古老糖Palatinose	+	ELLMAN (ELLM)	+
尿酸酶Urease	-	L-乳酸盐同化L-lactate assimilation	-
D-山梨醇D-sorbitol	-

一株岩原鲤源致病性ST-251型嗜水气单胞菌的分离与生物学特性研究

Isolation and biological characteristics of a pathogenic ST-251 Aeromonas hydrophila from Procypris Rabaudi (rock carp)

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注射浓度 Concentration/ (CFU·mL^-1)	试验鱼数量 Fish number	死亡总数量 Number of death	死亡率 Mortality rate/%
5.0×10⁸	12	12	100.0
5.0×10⁷	12	8	66.7
5.0×10⁶	12	6	50.0
5.0×10⁵	12	2	16.7
5.0×10⁴	12	0	0
0	12	0	0

抗生素 Antibiotics	药物 Drugs	抑菌圈直径 Diameter/mm	判断标准Assessment criteria			敏感性 Sensitivity
抗生素 Antibiotics	药物 Drugs	抑菌圈直径 Diameter/mm	R	I	S	敏感性 Sensitivity
β-内酰胺类 β-lactams	亚胺培南Imipenem	10	≤13	14-15	≥16	R
	头孢他定Ceftazidime	27	≤14	15-17	≥18	S
	头孢西丁Cefoxitin	19.5	≤14	15-17	≥18	S
氨基糖苷类Aminoglycosides	庆大霉素Gentamicin	17.5	≤12	13-14	≥15	S
	妥布霉素Tobramycin	13.5	≤12	13-14	≥15	I
	萘啶酸Nalidixic acid	25	≤13	14-18	≥19	S
	链霉素Streptomycin	16.5	≤11	13-14	≥15	S
	卡那霉素Kanamycin	20	≤13	14-22	≥18	S
	大观霉素Spectinomycin	29	≤14	13-17	≥18	S
四环素类Tetracycline	多西环素Doxycycline	19	≤12	13-15	≥16	S
	四环素Tetracycline	15	≤14	15-18	≥19	I
大环内酯类macrolides	罗红霉素Roxithromycin	19	≤21	22-30	≥31	R
喹诺酮类Quinolones	恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin	31	≤20	21-27	≥28	S
	左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin	30	≤12	13-15	≥16	S
	环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	32	≤15	16-20	≥21	S
磺胺类Sulfonamides	复方新诺Sulfamethoxazole	20	≤24	25-31	≥32	R
	磺胺异恶唑Bacteresulf	13	≤15	16-21	≥21	R
酰胺醇类Amide alcohols	氟苯尼考Florfenicol	31	≤12	13-17	≥18	S
林可胺类Lincosamides	克林霉素Clindamycin	9	≤14	15-20	≥21	R
多肽类Polypeptide	多黏菌素BPolymyxin B	11.5	≤8	9-11	≥12	I

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