枸杞采后致腐病原菌的分离鉴定与天然抑菌剂筛选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240670

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1327-1335.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240670

枸杞采后致腐病原菌的分离鉴定与天然抑菌剂筛选

马献(), 尤雨薇, 康娟, 王国琴, 郑蕊, 苏建宇, 岳思君^*()

宁夏大学生命科学学院,西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2024-07-23 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-08
作者简介:马献(1998—),女,彝族,云南红河人,博士,主要从事微生物资源开发与利用研究。 E-mail:maxiam1207@163.com
通讯作者: *岳思君,E-mail:yue_sj@nxu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32460098);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BBF02010);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2024BBF02008);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023FRD05032)

Pathogen identification of post-harvest rotten Lycium barbarum and screening of natural fungicides

MA Xian(), YOU Yuwei, KANG Juan, WANG Guoqin, ZHENG Rui, SU Jianyu, YUE Sijun^*()

Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2024-07-23 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

枸杞鲜果采收后耐储藏性较差,容易发生腐烂。为明确引起宁夏枸杞采后腐烂的主要病原菌,本文使用采后鲜枸杞果实作为材料分离致腐病原菌,结合形态学特征和分子生物学分析鉴定病原菌,并探究了6种天然抑菌剂的室内抑菌活性和对枸杞鲜果的防治效果。经分离鉴定,共获得3株病原真菌,分别为雷斯青霉(Penicillium raistrickii)(编号为GQ3)、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)(编号为GQ4)和异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus)(编号为GQ5)。室内毒力测定结果显示,乳酸链球菌素对这3株病原菌生长的抑制效果明显,对GQ3、GQ4、GQ5的有效中浓度(EC₅₀)分别为 0.032 0、0.013 0、0.034 0 g·mL^-1。壳聚糖对这3株病原菌孢子萌发的抑制作用最佳,对GQ3、GQ4、GQ5的EC₅₀分别为0.006 4、0.012 2、0.010 2 g·mL^-1。乳酸链球菌、葡萄糖氧化酶、大蒜研磨液、甜菊糖苷、壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸对枸杞鲜果均有防腐效果,其中,乳酸链球菌素和葡萄糖氧化酶的效果最佳。研究结果可为宁夏枸杞鲜果采后腐烂的防控提供理论依据。

关键词: 枸杞, 采后保鲜, 病原菌, 分离鉴定, 天然抑菌剂

Abstract:

The fresh fruit of Lycium barbarum exhibits limited storage resistance and is susceptible to decay after harvest. To elucidate the primary pathogenic fungi responsible for post-harvest decay of L. barbarum, the fresh L. barbarum fruit was utilized to isolate the pathogen causing post-harvest rot. The isolated fungi were identified based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. Additionally, the in vitro effect of 6 natural fungicides against the isolated fungi and their perservation effect on L. barbarum during storage were explored. It was shown that 3 fungi were isolated in the presented study, and were identified as Penicillium raistrickii (encoded as GQ3), Rhizopus oryzae (encoded as GQ4), and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (encoded as GQ5). The indoor toxicity test revealed that nisin exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the three fungi, with median effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 0.032 0, 0.013 0 and 0.034 0 g·mL^-1 for GQ3, GQ4 and GQ5, respectively. Chitosan demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect on spore germination of the three fungi, with EC₅₀ values of 0.006 4, 0.012 2 and 0.010 2 g·mL^-1 for GQ3, GQ4 and GQ5, respectively. Nison, glucose oxidase, chitosan, polylysine, steviol glycosides and garlic grinding liquid all exhibited presevation effects on L. barbarum during storage, and nison, glucose oxidase showed the best performace among them. These findings could offer theoretical foundation for the prevention of fresh fruits of L. barbarum in Ningxia, China.

Key words: Lycium barbarum, postharvest preservation, pathogen, isolation and identification, natural bacteriostatic agents

中图分类号:

马献, 尤雨薇, 康娟, 王国琴, 郑蕊, 苏建宇, 岳思君. 枸杞采后致腐病原菌的分离鉴定与天然抑菌剂筛选[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1327-1335.

MA Xian, YOU Yuwei, KANG Juan, WANG Guoqin, ZHENG Rui, SU Jianyu, YUE Sijun. Pathogen identification of post-harvest rotten Lycium barbarum and screening of natural fungicides[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(6): 1327-1335.

图/表 6

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抑菌剂 Fungicide	病原菌 Pathogen	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数(r) Correlation coefficient(r)	EC₅₀/ (g·mL^-1)
乳酸链球菌Nisin	GQ3	y = 1.238 1x + 6.852 0	0.901 4	0.032 0
	GQ4	y = 0.876 8x + 6.655 2	0.908 1	0.013 0
	GQ5	y = 1.273 7x + 6.867 0	0.918 5	0.034 0
葡萄糖氧化酶Glucose oxidase	GQ3	y = 0.739 0x + 5.761 8	0.948 0	0.093 0
	GQ4	y = 0.641 4x + 5.951 1	0.920 9	0.033 0
	GQ5	y = 2.702 6x + 6.944 9	0.895 0	0.191 0

抑菌剂 Fungicide	病原菌 Pathogen	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数(r) Correlation coefficient(r)	EC₅₀/ (g·mL^-1)
乳酸链球菌Nisin	GQ3	y = 1.238 1x + 6.852 0	0.901 4	0.032 0
	GQ4	y = 0.876 8x + 6.655 2	0.908 1	0.013 0
	GQ5	y = 1.273 7x + 6.867 0	0.918 5	0.034 0
葡萄糖氧化酶Glucose oxidase	GQ3	y = 0.739 0x + 5.761 8	0.948 0	0.093 0
	GQ4	y = 0.641 4x + 5.951 1	0.920 9	0.033 0
	GQ5	y = 2.702 6x + 6.944 9	0.895 0	0.191 0

抑菌剂 Fungicide	病原菌 Pathogen	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数(r) Correlation coefficient(r)	EC₅₀/ (g·mL^-1)
大蒜研磨液Garlic grinding liquid	GQ3	y = 2.306 3x + 5.797 8	0.931 0	0.450 0
	GQ4	y = 1.527 5x + 5.895 7	0.959 2	0.260 0
	GQ5	y = 3.235 3x + 6.751 9	0.993 3	0.290 0
甜菊糖苷Steviol glycosides	GQ3	y = 2.851 2x + 6.782 5	0.895 9	0.240 0
	GQ4	y = 2.612 1x + 6.193 4	0.858 1	0.350 0
	GQ5	y = 2.857 6x + 6.914 9	0.901 6	0.210 0
壳聚糖Chitosan	GQ3	y = 2.026 5x + 9.440 2	0.824 5	0.006 4
	GQ4	y = 4.294 7x + 13.214 0	0.997 5	0.012 2
	GQ5	y = 4.412 3x + 13.792 0	0.927 9	0.010 2
聚赖氨酸Polylysine	GQ3	y = 2.039 1x + 7.178 9	0.899 5	0.085 0
	GQ4	y = 2.867 6x + 7.830 6	0.962 8	0.103 0
	GQ5	y = 3.640 4x + 9.501 0	0.953 7	0.058 0

抑菌剂 Fungicide	病原菌 Pathogen	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数(r) Correlation coefficient(r)	EC₅₀/ (g·mL^-1)
大蒜研磨液Garlic grinding liquid	GQ3	y = 2.306 3x + 5.797 8	0.931 0	0.450 0
	GQ4	y = 1.527 5x + 5.895 7	0.959 2	0.260 0
	GQ5	y = 3.235 3x + 6.751 9	0.993 3	0.290 0
甜菊糖苷Steviol glycosides	GQ3	y = 2.851 2x + 6.782 5	0.895 9	0.240 0
	GQ4	y = 2.612 1x + 6.193 4	0.858 1	0.350 0
	GQ5	y = 2.857 6x + 6.914 9	0.901 6	0.210 0
壳聚糖Chitosan	GQ3	y = 2.026 5x + 9.440 2	0.824 5	0.006 4
	GQ4	y = 4.294 7x + 13.214 0	0.997 5	0.012 2
	GQ5	y = 4.412 3x + 13.792 0	0.927 9	0.010 2
聚赖氨酸Polylysine	GQ3	y = 2.039 1x + 7.178 9	0.899 5	0.085 0
	GQ4	y = 2.867 6x + 7.830 6	0.962 8	0.103 0
	GQ5	y = 3.640 4x + 9.501 0	0.953 7	0.058 0

抑菌剂 Fungicide	腐烂指数 Rod index	防治效果 Control efficacy /%
乳酸链球菌素Nisin	0.067±0.033 c	97.561±1.220 a
葡萄糖氧化酶	0.200±0.115 c	92.683±4.225 a
Glucose oxidase
大蒜研磨液	1.500±0.173 b	45.121±6.337 b
Garlic grinding liquid
甜菊糖苷	1.200±0.115 b	56.097±4.225 b
Steviol glycosides
壳聚糖Chitosan	1.667±0.120 b	39.024±4.397 b
聚赖氨酸Polylysine	1.800±0.379 b	34.146±13.851 b
CK	2.733±0.067 a	-

枸杞采后致腐病原菌的分离鉴定与天然抑菌剂筛选

Pathogen identification of post-harvest rotten Lycium barbarum and screening of natural fungicides

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