高产和常规黄花菜品种的干物质和养分积累特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.11

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1669-1678.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.11

高产和常规黄花菜品种的干物质和养分积累特性

王峰¹(), 刘海天¹, 俞巧钢¹, 叶静¹, 何新华², 周杨³^,^*(), 马军伟¹^,^*()

1.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.西南大学资源环境学院,重庆 400715
3.浙江省丽水市缙云县农业农村局,浙江缙云 321400

收稿日期:2021-08-07 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-26
作者简介:*马军伟,E-mail: majw@zaas.ac.cn;周杨,E-mail: 1364284769@qq.com
王峰(1988—),男,江苏徐州人,博士,副研究员,主要从事植物营养和肥料研究。E-mail: wangfeng@zaas.ac.cn
通讯作者: 周杨,马军伟
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02030);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02035);缙云县酸化治理效果第三方评价项目(2020R20B70D03)

Dry matter and nutrients accumulation characteristics of high-yield and conventional daylily varieties

WANG Feng¹(), LIU Haitian¹, YU Qiaogang¹, YE Jing¹, HE Xinhua², ZHOU Yang³^,^*(), MA Junwei¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
3. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jinyun County, Jinyun 321400, Zhejiang, China

Received:2021-08-07 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-26
Contact: ZHOU Yang,MA Junwei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究黄花菜(Hemerocallis fulva)的养分吸收规律及其与高产形成的关系,可为黄花菜高产栽培中的科学施肥,以及专用肥料的研制提供理论依据。以黄花菜普通品种实心和高产品种207为研究对象,于2020年3—11月,对不同生育期的黄花菜取样,测定其干物质积累动态,以及氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硫(S)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、硼(B)、钼(Mo)、锰(Mn)含量。结果显示,2个品种总的干物质积累均在萌蕾开花期达到最大,在展叶期到抽薹期干物质积累速度最快。普通品种的根干重在抽薹期最大,而高产品种的根干重在萌蕾开花期最大。高产品种对N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg、Zn、B、Mn、Mo的需求量均显著(P<0.05)大于普通品种实心。高产品种对N、K、P的养分需求主要在萌蕾开花期之前,而普通品种在萌芽期到展叶期对N、K的吸收量最大,P的吸收量在抽薹期最大;普通品种在萌芽期,对S和Ca的吸收量最大,Mg在展叶期的吸收量最大,而高产品种对S、Ca、Mg的吸收主要在萌蕾开花期之前;普通品种对Zn、B、Mo、Mn的吸收集中在抽薹期之前,而高产品种对Zn、B、Mo、Mn的吸收一直持续到抽薹期,且以抽薹期吸收量最大。整个生育期,高产品种对N、P、K的需求比例为1.0∶0.25∶2.3,而普通品种为1.0∶0.24∶1.7;高产品种207对S、Ca、Mg的需求比例为1.0∶11.5∶1.8;而普通品种为1.0∶5.5∶1.0。综上,高产品种具有更长的根系发育时间和较高的干物质积累量。在黄花菜,特别是高产黄花菜专用肥料的配制中,尤应保证钾元素和中、微量元素的供应,以满足黄花菜生长发育的需求。

关键词: 黄花菜, 生长, 养分吸收, 高产栽培

Abstract:

The study on nutrients absorption and its relationship with high-yield could provide theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization and development of special fertilizer for daylily (Hemerocallis fulva). In the present study, conventional variety Shixin and high-yield variety 207 were used as test materials, and the dry matter accumulation dynamics, and contents of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, B, Mo, Mn were determined at different growth stages during March to November in 2020. It was shown that the dry matter accumulation of both varieties reached the maximum at the budding and flowering stage, and the highest dry matter accumulation speed was from the leaf-expansion stage to the bolting stage. The dry weight of root of the conventional variety reached the highest at the bolting stage, while the high-yield variety reached the maximum at the budding and flowering stage. The requirement of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, B, Mo, Mn in the high-yield variety was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the conventional variety. The requirement of N, K, P of high-yield variety was mainly before the budding and flowering stage, while the absorption of N and K of the conventional variety was concentrated within the budding stage to the leaf-expanding stage, and the absorption of P was mainly in the bolting stage. In the budding stage, the absorption of S and Ca was the largest in the conventional variety, and the highest absorption of Mg was found in the leaf-expansion stage, while the absorption of S, Ca, Mg of the high-yield variety was mainly before the budding and flowering stage. The absorption of Zn, B, Mo and Mn of the conventional variety was concentrated before the bolting stage, yet the absorption of Zn, B, Mo and Mn of the high-yield variety lasted until the bolting stage, and the accumulation amount in the bolting stage was the highest. In the whole growth period, the N, P, K demand ratio was 1.0∶0.25∶2.3 in the high-yield variety and 1.0∶0.24∶1.7 in the conventional variety; the demand ratio of S, Ca, Mg was 1.0∶11.5∶1.8 in the high-yield variety and 1.0∶5.5∶1.0 in the conventional variety. In conclusion, the high-yield variety had longer root development time and higher dry matter accumulation. In the preparation and development of special fertilizers for high-yield cultivation of day-lily, the supply of K and medium and trace elements should be ensured to meet the the growth and development requirement of daylily.

Key words: Hemerocallis fulva Linn., growth, nutrients absorption, high-yield cultivation

中图分类号:

S311
S644.3

王峰, 刘海天, 俞巧钢, 叶静, 何新华, 周杨, 马军伟. 高产和常规黄花菜品种的干物质和养分积累特性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(8): 1669-1678.

WANG Feng, LIU Haitian, YU Qiaogang, YE Jing, HE Xinhua, ZHOU Yang, MA Junwei. Dry matter and nutrients accumulation characteristics of high-yield and conventional daylily varieties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(8): 1669-1678.

图/表 9

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品种 Variety	N/(kg· hm^-2)	K/(kg· hm^-2)	P/(kg· hm^-2)	S/(kg· hm^-2)	Ca/(kg· hm^-2)	Mg/(kg· hm^-2)	Zn/(g· hm^-2)	B/(g· hm^-2)	Mo/(g· hm^-2)	Mn/(g· hm^-2)
实心Shixin	141.17 b	243.57 b	33.30 b	14.67 b	81.25 b	15.50 b	632.14 b	216.12 b	3.43 b	2 584.7 b
207	372.14 a	844.77 a	92.64 a	21.19 a	242.94 a	37.19 a	1 200.45 a	434.78 a	8.90 a	2 817.0 a

品种 Variety	N/(kg· hm^-2)	K/(kg· hm^-2)	P/(kg· hm^-2)	S/(kg· hm^-2)	Ca/(kg· hm^-2)	Mg/(kg· hm^-2)	Zn/(g· hm^-2)	B/(g· hm^-2)	Mo/(g· hm^-2)	Mn/(g· hm^-2)
实心Shixin	141.17 b	243.57 b	33.30 b	14.67 b	81.25 b	15.50 b	632.14 b	216.12 b	3.43 b	2 584.7 b
207	372.14 a	844.77 a	92.64 a	21.19 a	242.94 a	37.19 a	1 200.45 a	434.78 a	8.90 a	2 817.0 a

品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period	占总养分吸收量的比例 Proportion in total nutrient accumulation/%
品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period	N	K	P	S	Ca	Mg	Zn	B	Mo	Mn
实心	BUS	86.44	55.01	33.52	85.08	45.72	27.83	45.04	28.81	16.71	13.30
Shixin	LES	0	23.02	0	0	28.10	62.08	31.87	42.44	53.67	86.70
	BOS	0.71	19.49	54.81	0	26.18	10.09	21.74	26.15	29.62	0
	BFS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	LWS	12.84	2.48	0	14.92	0	0	0	0	0	0
	DS	0	0	11.67	0	0	0	1.35	2.60	0	0
207	BUS	39.35	19.32	15.86	38.98	4.97	8.35	33.91	16.71	7.14	27.93
	LES	24.28	25.71	14.15	18.28	30.68	25.72	20.60	20.01	15.55	25.90
	BOS	36.38	54.97	69.99	42.74	64.35	65.93	45.49	63.28	77.30	46.18
	BFS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	LWS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	DS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period	占总养分吸收量的比例 Proportion in total nutrient accumulation/%
品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period	N	K	P	S	Ca	Mg	Zn	B	Mo	Mn
实心	BUS	86.44	55.01	33.52	85.08	45.72	27.83	45.04	28.81	16.71	13.30
Shixin	LES	0	23.02	0	0	28.10	62.08	31.87	42.44	53.67	86.70
	BOS	0.71	19.49	54.81	0	26.18	10.09	21.74	26.15	29.62	0
	BFS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	LWS	12.84	2.48	0	14.92	0	0	0	0	0	0
	DS	0	0	11.67	0	0	0	1.35	2.60	0	0
207	BUS	39.35	19.32	15.86	38.98	4.97	8.35	33.91	16.71	7.14	27.93
	LES	24.28	25.71	14.15	18.28	30.68	25.72	20.60	20.01	15.55	25.90
	BOS	36.38	54.97	69.99	42.74	64.35	65.93	45.49	63.28	77.30	46.18
	BFS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	LWS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	DS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period	根部Root				地上部Shoot
品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period	Zn/(mg· kg^-1)	B/(mg· kg^-1)	Mo/(μg· kg^-1)	Mn/(μg· kg^-1)	Zn/(mg· kg^-1)	B/(mg· kg^-1)	Mo/(μg· kg^-1)	Mn/(μg· kg^-1)
实心 Shixin	BUS	37.02± 2.08 a	13.38± 0.82 a	50.58± 20.73 b	71.55± 7.51 a	49.58± 3.01 a	15.14± 2.02 ab	309.1± 56.0 b	44.19± 6.07 c
	LES	40.92± 18.03 a	10.58± 1.36 ab	71.84± 16.69 a	56.41± 8.43 b	34.62± 1.73 b	10.33± 1.79 b	98.9± 15.2 d	54.38± 8.63 c
	BOS	19.51± 1.38 c	7.40± 0.69 c	38.58± 7.42 c	37.66± 7.22 c	40.87± 5.32 ab	12.12± 1.63 b	231.7± 67.4 c	241.84± 72.9 a
	BFS	25.95± 1.22 b	7.77± 0.73 c	48.27± 7.04 b	52.49± 7.14 b	36.66± 2.96 b	13.36± 2.43 b	224.4± 43.4 c	112.98± 26.36 b
	LWS	34.46± 2.55 ab	8.96± 1.07 b	45.15± 9.52 bc	63.6± 10.81 ab	34.64± 3.28 b	12.9± 3.15 b	362.6± 24.2 ab	156.74± 19.33 ab
	DS	29.59± 5.49 b	9.42± 1.03 b	63.01± 9.67 ab	56.99± 6.36 b	44.85± 2.02 a	19.59± 3.44 a	419.4± 41.1 a	166.21± 16.70 ab
207	BUS	50.85± 5.30 c	15.06± 1.81 ab	98.04± 10.62 d	53.74± 10.82 c	81.87± 7.86 a	18.67± 1.48 a	188.8± 28.0 c	89.68± 12.07 c
	LES	84.78± 11.52 a	18.68± 2.27 a	178.07± 18.95 c	118.09± 5.96 a	95.37± 3.70 a	17.05± 2.38 a	118.0± 28.3 d	194.89± 26.78 a
	BOS	78.44± 4.08 a	11.71± 2.01 c	126.44± 15.54 cd	114.49± 15.5 a	23.79± 3.29 c	11.94± 2.90 b	147.3± 17.4 cd	90.73± 15.94 c
	BFS	64.75± 6.00 b	12.83± 2.26 b	233.02± 35.33 b	90.47± 5.50 b	22.53± 5.75 c	14.28± 4.93 ab	291.8± 48.8 b	84.44± 12.69 c
	LWS	48.74± 14.2 c	14.94± 3.06 ab	305.52± 52.56 a	90.77± 7.79 b	45.41± 10.00 b	18.22± 1.53 a	332.3± 27.8 a	138.86± 15.29 b
	DS	47.26± 1.86 c	14.19± 1.60 ab	65.42± 8.16 d	41.93± 1.35 c	41.40± 9.79 b	10.54± 2.18 b	384.5± 46.9 a	47.17± 4.73 d

高产和常规黄花菜品种的干物质和养分积累特性

Dry matter and nutrients accumulation characteristics of high-yield and conventional daylily varieties

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元素 Element	花中含量 Concentration in flower/(g·kg^-1)		花中积累量 Accumulation in flower/(kg·hm^-2)		占全株比例 Proportion in total plant/%
元素 Element	实心Shixin	207	实心Shixin	207	实心Shixin	207
N	19.90±0.52 b	21.65±0.16 a	59.70±1.56 b	89.32±0.68 a	42.29 a	24.00 b
K	24.17±0.29 a	24.28±0.25 a	72.50±0.87 b	100.15±1.05 a	29.77 a	11.85 b
P	3.16±0.16 b	3.83±0.09 a	9.47±0.47 b	15.80±0.37 a	28.44 a	17.05 b
S	1.10±0.02 a	1.26±0.12 a	3.31±0.06 b	5.20±0.51 a	22.56 a	24.53 a
Ca	1.52±0.37 b	6.75±1.72 a	4.55±1.11 b	27.84±7.10 a	5.60 b	11.46 a
Mg	1.03±0.16 a	1.17±0.09 a	3.09±0.47 b	4.82±0.36 a	19.94 a	12.96 b
Zn	36.57±6.67 a	48.57±5.25 a	109.71±20 b	200.36±21.68 a	17.36 a	16.69 a
B	10.54±2.25 a	11.71±3.45 a	31.63±6.75 b	48.31±14.25 a	14.64 a	11.11 b
Mo	0.34±0.15 a	0.13±0.08 b	1.03±0.07 a	0.54±0.04 b	30.03 a	6.07 b
Mn	41.59±7.26 b	192.3±37.39 a	124.76±21.79 b	793.22±154.23 a	4.83 b	28.16 a

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