γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对小白菜生长及氮磷肥料利用率的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 329-337.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.10

γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对小白菜生长及氮磷肥料利用率的影响

何宇¹^,²(), 吕卫光²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 李双喜²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 郑宪清²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 张翰林²^,³^,⁴, 张娟琴²^,³, 张海韵²^,⁴, 白娜玲²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), 刘善良⁶

1.上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海 201306
2.上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403
3.农业农村部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测试验站,上海 201403
4.上海市农业环境保护监测站,上海 201403
5.上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海 201403
6.时科生物科技(上海)有限公司,上海 201108

收稿日期:2021-09-19 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-03-14
通讯作者: 白娜玲
作者简介:*白娜玲, E-mail: bainaling@saas.sh.cn
何宇(1996—),女,内蒙古乌海人,硕士研究生,研究方向为微生物生态。E-mail: hyu0420@163.com
基金资助:
上海市科技兴农推广项目(沪农科推字〔2021〕第2-2号);国家农业环境奉贤观测实验站(NAES035AE03);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划(沪农科卓〔2022〕008(沪农科卓〔2022〕008)

Effects of γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth on growth of pakchoi and utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer

HE Yu¹^,²(), LYU Weiguang²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, LI Shuangxi²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZHENG Xianqing²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZHANG Hanlin²^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Juanqin²^,³, ZHANG Haiyun²^,⁴, BAI Naling²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), LIU Shanliang⁶

1. Faculty of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2. Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
3. Shanghai Agri-Environmental and Cultivated Land Conservation of Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
4. Shanghai Agri-Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201403, China
5. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
6. SEEK Bio-Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China

Received:2021-09-19 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-14
Contact: BAI Naling

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对比研究γ-聚谷氨酸(纯品)和发酵液作为微生物肥料,对蔬菜生长和养分利用的影响,为化肥减施和可持续农业的发展提供依据。以小白菜作为研究对象,利用筛选的γ-聚谷氨酸高产菌A-5及其发酵产物,开展盆栽试验。测定了γ-聚谷氨酸和γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对小白菜品质、土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响,并计算肥料表观利用效率和经济效益。结果显示,Bacillus subtilis sp. A-5所生产的γ-聚谷氨酸和γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液均具有较好的促生增效效果;与减30%氮肥处理相比,γ-聚谷氨酸和γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液处理分别使小白菜产量增加20.19%和37.63%,后者促生效果更佳。在含有大量活性生产菌株的γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液处理下,N/P当季肥料利用率显著高于其他处理,较γ-聚谷氨酸具有更高的经济效益。综上所述,Bacillus subtilis sp. A-5所产γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对促进小白菜生长和提高肥料利用效率有显著效果,具有较好的应用前景,可为其在农业中的应用提供理论依据。

关键词: γ-聚谷氨酸, 小白菜, 芽孢杆菌, 发酵, 肥料利用率, 经济效益

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and its fermentation broth as microbial fertilizer on pakchoi growth and soil nutrients, so as to provide basis for chemical fertilizer reduction and sustainable agricultural development, Brassica rapa L.ssp.chinensis L. was taken as the research object, the pot experiment was carried out by using the γ-PGA producing bacterium A-5 and its fermentation product. Then, the effects of γ-PGA and γ-PGA fermentation broth on the quality of pakchoi, soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities were measured, and the N/P fertilizer use efficiencies and economic benefits were calculated. The pot experiment proved that the γ-PGA and γ-PGA fermentation broth produced by A-5 had better growth-promoting and synergistic effects. Compared with the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 30% (-N), pure γ-PGA (-N+PGA) and γ-PGA fermentation broth (-N+FJY) increased vegetable yield by 20.19% and 37.63% respectively, and the -N+FJY treatment had better growth promoting effect. Under the treatment of γ-PGA fermentation broth, containing a large amount of B.subtilis sp. A-5, the fertilizer utilization rate of N/P were significantly higher than other treatments, which had higher economic benefits than γ-PGA. In summary, γ-PGA acid fermentation produced by B.subtilis sp. A-5 has the significant effects on promoting vegetable growth and improving fertilizer utilization ratio, which can provide a basis for its application in agriculture.

Key words: γ-polyglutamic acid, pakchoi, Bacillus subtilis, fermentation, fertilizer utilization rate, economic benefit

中图分类号:

S634

何宇, 吕卫光, 李双喜, 郑宪清, 张翰林, 张娟琴, 张海韵, 白娜玲, 刘善良. γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对小白菜生长及氮磷肥料利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(2): 329-337.

HE Yu, LYU Weiguang, LI Shuangxi, ZHENG Xianqing, ZHANG Hanlin, ZHANG Juanqin, ZHANG Haiyun, BAI Naling, LIU Shanliang. Effects of γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth on growth of pakchoi and utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 329-337.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea/ (kg·hm^-2)	过磷酸钙 Super- phosphate/ (kg·hm^-2)	氯化钾 Potassium chloride/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0	0	0
CF	285.96	350.88	219.30
-N	200.00	350.88	219.30
-N+PGA	200.00	350.88	219.30
-N+FJY	200.00	350.88	219.30

处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea/ (kg·hm^-2)	过磷酸钙 Super- phosphate/ (kg·hm^-2)	氯化钾 Potassium chloride/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0	0	0
CF	285.96	350.88	219.30
-N	200.00	350.88	219.30
-N+PGA	200.00	350.88	219.30
-N+FJY	200.00	350.88	219.30

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(kg· hm^-2)	叶绿素相对含量 SPAD	叶面积 Leaf area/ cm²	V_C/ (μg·g^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃-N/ (mg·kg^-1)	总氮 P-TN/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷 P-TP/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	16 106.73±33.08 d	51.74±2.42 b	40.87±1.62 d	342.53±46.53 a	50.11±11.08 c	9.50±1.30 b	0.81±0.24 c
CF	22 923.10±50.30 b	59.46±2.65 a	53.30±1.94 c	330.35±29.78 a	439.03±20.76 a	21.28±0.81 a	2.08±0.25 b
-N	19 171.35±127.85 c	61.80±3.05 a	52.40±2.30 c	367.76±27.46 a	69.59±14.92 c	19.87±0.74 a	2.22±0.26 b
-N+PGA	23 042.98±149.80 b	59.53±3.25 a	64.45±2.85 b	355.27±27.04 a	131.67±5.62 b	21.99±1.28 a	2.47±0.29 ab
-N+FJY	26 385.09±92.02 a	62.15±2.72 a	94.22±2.90 a	376.77±6.17 a	95.65±13.35 bc	22.35±0.91 a	2.92±0.22 a

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(kg· hm^-2)	叶绿素相对含量 SPAD	叶面积 Leaf area/ cm²	V_C/ (μg·g^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃-N/ (mg·kg^-1)	总氮 P-TN/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷 P-TP/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	16 106.73±33.08 d	51.74±2.42 b	40.87±1.62 d	342.53±46.53 a	50.11±11.08 c	9.50±1.30 b	0.81±0.24 c
CF	22 923.10±50.30 b	59.46±2.65 a	53.30±1.94 c	330.35±29.78 a	439.03±20.76 a	21.28±0.81 a	2.08±0.25 b
-N	19 171.35±127.85 c	61.80±3.05 a	52.40±2.30 c	367.76±27.46 a	69.59±14.92 c	19.87±0.74 a	2.22±0.26 b
-N+PGA	23 042.98±149.80 b	59.53±3.25 a	64.45±2.85 b	355.27±27.04 a	131.67±5.62 b	21.99±1.28 a	2.47±0.29 ab
-N+FJY	26 385.09±92.02 a	62.15±2.72 a	94.22±2.90 a	376.77±6.17 a	95.65±13.35 bc	22.35±0.91 a	2.92±0.22 a

处理 Treatment	酸碱度 pH	有机质含量 SOM/%	蔗糖酶活性 S-SC/(mg·d^-1·g^-1)	脲酶活性 S-UE/(μg·d^-1·g^-1)	过氧化氢酶活性 S-CAT/(μmol·d^-1·g^-1)
CK	8.08±0.02 a	1.69±0.06 b	41.02±5.57 b	458.37±74.53 d	45.29±3.11 a
CF	8.11±0.04 a	1.59±0.12 b	50.83±7.56 b	787.26±84.89 c	46.54±1.56 a
-N	8.08±0.05 a	2.17±0.16 a	58.16±4.73 ab	843.55±45.57 bc	45.49±1.63 a
-N+PGA	8.04±0.04 b	2.04±0.27 a	68.29±7.53 a	941.80±43.89 b	45.96±2.14 a
-N+FJY	8.04±0.03 a	1.51±0.03 b	64.63±5.04 a	1087.43±81.54 a	47.65±1.87 a

γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对小白菜生长及氮磷肥料利用率的影响

Effects of γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth on growth of pakchoi and utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer

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处理 Treatment	氮肥N fertilizer			磷肥P fertilizer
处理 Treatment	偏生产力 PFPN/(g·g^-1)	农学效率 AEN/(g·g^-1)	当季利用率 NUE/%	偏生产力 PFPP/(g·g^-1)	农学效率 AEP/(g·g^-1)	当季利用率 PUE/%
CF	174.21±3.82 d	51.80±3.82 c	28.00±2.03 c	261.32±5.73 b	77.70±5.73 b	4.40±0.63 b
-N	208.15±13.88 c	33.27±13.88 c	28.48±4.67 c	218.55±14.57 c	34.93±14.57 c	3.90±0.53 b
-N+PGA	250.18±16.27 b	75.31±16.27 b	42.55±3.21 b	262.69±17.08 b	79.07±17.08 b	5.22±1.56 b
-N+FJY	286.47±9.99 a	111.59±9.99 a	52.15±2.90 a	300.79±10.49 a	117.17±10.49 a	8.03±0.73 a

处理 Treatment	产值/(万元·hm^-2) Output value/ (10⁴ yuan·hm^-2)	肥料成本/(万元·hm^-2) Fertilizer cost/ (10⁴ yuan·hm^-2)	菌剂成本/(万元·hm^-2) Microbial fertilizer cost/ (10⁴ yuan·hm^-2)	净产值/(万元·hm^-2) Net output value/ (10⁴ yuan·hm^-2)	较CK增收/(万元·hm^-2) Value-added than CK/ (10⁴ yuan·hm^-2)
CK	9.66	0	0	9.66	—
CF	13.75	0.13	0	13.62	3.96
-N	11.50	0.10	0	11.40	1.74
-N+PGA	13.83	0.10	1.58	12.15	2.49
-N+FJY	15.83	0.10	1.26	14.47	4.81

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