浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1153-1160.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230596
褚田芬1(), 雷玲1, 李勤锋2, 吴平3, 洪文杰4, 郑蔚然1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2023-05-05
出版日期:
2024-05-25
发布日期:
2024-05-29
作者简介:
褚田芬(1965—),女,浙江宁波人,副研究员,主要从事农产品质量安全研究工作。E-mail:894047125@qq.com
通讯作者:
* 郑蔚然,E-mail:rancki@163.com
基金资助:
CHU Tianfen1(), LEI Ling1, LI Qinfeng2, WU Ping3, HONG Wenjie4, ZHENG Weiran1,*(
)
Received:
2023-05-05
Online:
2024-05-25
Published:
2024-05-29
摘要:
分析流通于浙江市场及全省各地生产的西瓜农药残留情况,明确其中农药残留种类及其水平,并对其农药残留风险进行评估。结果显示,288份西瓜样品共检出29种农药残留,其中检出率较高的3种农药分别为吡唑醚菌酯、啶虫脒、腐霉利;除草甘膦和噻虫嗪各有1例超标外,其他检出农药均符合我国农药最大残留限量标准要求。单项污染指数和急慢性膳食摄入风险值表明,浙江省西瓜膳食摄入风险均为可接受状态,暂无健康风险。此外,要重点关注他国(地区)严格于我国的农药残留限量,立足本国需要,制定符合我国西瓜生产实际和保护我国消费者健康的农药残留限量标准,积极开展国内外标准转化,主动接轨国际提高我国西瓜产业的竞争力。
中图分类号:
褚田芬, 雷玲, 李勤锋, 吴平, 洪文杰, 郑蔚然. 浙江省西瓜中农药残留风险评估[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(5): 1153-1160.
CHU Tianfen, LEI Ling, LI Qinfeng, WU Ping, HONG Wenjie, ZHENG Weiran. Quality safety risk assessment of watermelon industry in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(5): 1153-1160.
分级 Level | 单因子污染指数 Single factor pollution index | 污染等级 Pollution level |
---|---|---|
1 | SPI≤0.1 | 该农药残留量较低,评价为安全 The pesticide residue is relatively low and is evaluated as safe |
2 | 0.1<SPI<1.0 | 该农药残留量在标准值之内,评价为相对安全 The pesticide residue is within the standard value and is evaluated as relatively safe |
3 | 1.0≤SPI | 该农药残留量超出限量,评价为不安全 The pesticide residue exceeds the limit and is evaluated as unsafe |
表1 单因子污染指数法的污染等级划分
Table 1 Classification of pollution levels by single factor pollution index method
分级 Level | 单因子污染指数 Single factor pollution index | 污染等级 Pollution level |
---|---|---|
1 | SPI≤0.1 | 该农药残留量较低,评价为安全 The pesticide residue is relatively low and is evaluated as safe |
2 | 0.1<SPI<1.0 | 该农药残留量在标准值之内,评价为相对安全 The pesticide residue is within the standard value and is evaluated as relatively safe |
3 | 1.0≤SPI | 该农药残留量超出限量,评价为不安全 The pesticide residue exceeds the limit and is evaluated as unsafe |
农药中文名称 Chinese name of pesticide | 农药外文名称 English name of pesticide | 检出数量 Detected quantity | 检出率 Detection rate/% | 检出范围 Detection range/ (mg·kg-1) | 平均值 Average value/ (mg·kg-1) | MLRs/ (mg· kg-1) | 污染指数级别样品比率 Sample ratio in different pollution index level/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
百菌清 | Chlorothalonil | 2 | 0.69 | 0.011~0.036 | 0.024 | 5.0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
咪鲜胺 | Prochloraz | 4 | 1.39 | 0.001 0~0.003 8 | 0.002 | 0.1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
嘧菌酯 | Azoxystrobin | 2 | 0.69 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 1.0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
灭蝇胺 | Cyromazine | 5 | 1.74 | 0.008 7~0.064 0 | 0.026 | — | — | — | — | |||
苯醚甲环唑 | Difenoconazole | 5 | 1.74 | 0.012~0.049 | 0.027 | 0.1 | 98.26 | 1.74 | 0 | |||
吡虫啉 | Imidacloprid | 7 | 2.43 | 0.011~0.067 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 98.26 | 1.74 | 0 | |||
吡唑醚菌酯 | Pyraclostrobin | 31 | 10.76 | 0.001 3~0.180 0 | 0.015 | 0.5 | 99.31 | 0.69 | 0 | |||
草甘膦 | Glyphosate | 1 | 0.35 | 4.36 | 4.36 | 0.1 | 99.65 | 0 | 0.35 | |||
虫酰肼 | Tebufenozide | 2 | 0.69 | 0.014~0.015 | 0.015 | — | — | — | — | |||
哒螨灵 | Pyridaben | 1 | 0.35 | 0.012 | 0.012 | — | — | — | — | |||
啶虫脒 | Acetamiprid | 30 | 10.42 | 0.002 8~0.110 0 | 0.021 | 0.2 | 96.53 | 3.47 | 0 | |||
多菌灵 | Carbendazim | 8 | 2.78 | 0.001 3~0.300 0 | 0.07 | 2 | 100 | 0 | ||||
多效唑 | Paclobutrazol | 2.0 | 0.69 | 0.002 0~0.002 3 | 0.002 | — | — | — | — | |||
噁霜灵 | Oxadixyl | 1 | 0.35 | 0.011 | 0.011 | — | — | — | — | |||
氟啶虫酰胺 | Flonicamid | 1 | 0.35 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
腐霉利 | Procymidone | 21 | 7.29 | 0.01~0.29 | 0.047 | — | — | — | — | |||
甲氨基阿维菌 | Emamectin | 1 | 0.35 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.1 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
素苯甲酸盐 | benzoate | |||||||||||
甲基硫菌灵 | Thiophanate-methyl | 3 | 1.04 | 0.053~0.240 | 0.121 | 2.0 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
甲霜灵 | Metalaxyl | 3 | 1.04 | 0.002 0~0.008 2 | 0.005 | 0.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
联苯菊酯 | Bifenthrin | 4 | 1.39 | 0.011~0.019 | 0.014 | — | — | — | — | |||
氯氟氰菊酯 | Cyhalothrin | 1 | 0.35 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.05 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
氯氰菊酯 | Cypermethrin | 1 | 0.35 | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.07 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
嘧霉胺 | Pyrimethanil | 6 | 2.08 | 0.001~0.057 | 0.016 | — | — | — | — | |||
噻虫嗪 | Thiamethoxam | 14 | 4.86 | 0.009 2~0.290 0 | 0.055 | 0.2 | 96.53 | 3.12 | 0.35 | |||
霜霉威 | Propamocarb | 1 | 0.35 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 5.0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
戊唑醇 | Tebuconazole | 6 | 2.08 | 0.009 3~0.032 | 0.016 | 0.1 | 98.26 | 1.74 | 0 | |||
烯酰吗啉 | Dimethomorph | 13 | 4.51 | 0.001 2~0.040 0 | 0.009 | 0.5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
异菌脲 | Iprodione | 7 | 2.43 | 0.012~0.075 | 0.031 | 0.5 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
茚虫威 | Indoxacarb | 13 | 4.51 | 0.002 6~0.120 0 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — |
表2 西瓜样品农药残留情况
Table 2 Pesticide residues in watermelon samples
农药中文名称 Chinese name of pesticide | 农药外文名称 English name of pesticide | 检出数量 Detected quantity | 检出率 Detection rate/% | 检出范围 Detection range/ (mg·kg-1) | 平均值 Average value/ (mg·kg-1) | MLRs/ (mg· kg-1) | 污染指数级别样品比率 Sample ratio in different pollution index level/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
百菌清 | Chlorothalonil | 2 | 0.69 | 0.011~0.036 | 0.024 | 5.0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
咪鲜胺 | Prochloraz | 4 | 1.39 | 0.001 0~0.003 8 | 0.002 | 0.1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
嘧菌酯 | Azoxystrobin | 2 | 0.69 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 1.0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
灭蝇胺 | Cyromazine | 5 | 1.74 | 0.008 7~0.064 0 | 0.026 | — | — | — | — | |||
苯醚甲环唑 | Difenoconazole | 5 | 1.74 | 0.012~0.049 | 0.027 | 0.1 | 98.26 | 1.74 | 0 | |||
吡虫啉 | Imidacloprid | 7 | 2.43 | 0.011~0.067 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 98.26 | 1.74 | 0 | |||
吡唑醚菌酯 | Pyraclostrobin | 31 | 10.76 | 0.001 3~0.180 0 | 0.015 | 0.5 | 99.31 | 0.69 | 0 | |||
草甘膦 | Glyphosate | 1 | 0.35 | 4.36 | 4.36 | 0.1 | 99.65 | 0 | 0.35 | |||
虫酰肼 | Tebufenozide | 2 | 0.69 | 0.014~0.015 | 0.015 | — | — | — | — | |||
哒螨灵 | Pyridaben | 1 | 0.35 | 0.012 | 0.012 | — | — | — | — | |||
啶虫脒 | Acetamiprid | 30 | 10.42 | 0.002 8~0.110 0 | 0.021 | 0.2 | 96.53 | 3.47 | 0 | |||
多菌灵 | Carbendazim | 8 | 2.78 | 0.001 3~0.300 0 | 0.07 | 2 | 100 | 0 | ||||
多效唑 | Paclobutrazol | 2.0 | 0.69 | 0.002 0~0.002 3 | 0.002 | — | — | — | — | |||
噁霜灵 | Oxadixyl | 1 | 0.35 | 0.011 | 0.011 | — | — | — | — | |||
氟啶虫酰胺 | Flonicamid | 1 | 0.35 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
腐霉利 | Procymidone | 21 | 7.29 | 0.01~0.29 | 0.047 | — | — | — | — | |||
甲氨基阿维菌 | Emamectin | 1 | 0.35 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.1 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
素苯甲酸盐 | benzoate | |||||||||||
甲基硫菌灵 | Thiophanate-methyl | 3 | 1.04 | 0.053~0.240 | 0.121 | 2.0 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
甲霜灵 | Metalaxyl | 3 | 1.04 | 0.002 0~0.008 2 | 0.005 | 0.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
联苯菊酯 | Bifenthrin | 4 | 1.39 | 0.011~0.019 | 0.014 | — | — | — | — | |||
氯氟氰菊酯 | Cyhalothrin | 1 | 0.35 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.05 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
氯氰菊酯 | Cypermethrin | 1 | 0.35 | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.07 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
嘧霉胺 | Pyrimethanil | 6 | 2.08 | 0.001~0.057 | 0.016 | — | — | — | — | |||
噻虫嗪 | Thiamethoxam | 14 | 4.86 | 0.009 2~0.290 0 | 0.055 | 0.2 | 96.53 | 3.12 | 0.35 | |||
霜霉威 | Propamocarb | 1 | 0.35 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 5.0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
戊唑醇 | Tebuconazole | 6 | 2.08 | 0.009 3~0.032 | 0.016 | 0.1 | 98.26 | 1.74 | 0 | |||
烯酰吗啉 | Dimethomorph | 13 | 4.51 | 0.001 2~0.040 0 | 0.009 | 0.5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
异菌脲 | Iprodione | 7 | 2.43 | 0.012~0.075 | 0.031 | 0.5 | 99.65 | 0.35 | 0 | |||
茚虫威 | Indoxacarb | 13 | 4.51 | 0.002 6~0.120 0 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — |
农药中文名称 Chinese name of pesticide | 农药外文名称 English name of pesticide | 慢性膳食风险评估 Chronic dietary risk assessment | 急性膳食风险评估 Acute dietary risk assessment | SM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STMR mg/kg | ADI mg/kg | %ADI % | HR | ARfD | ESTI mg/kg | %ARfD % | |||
百菌清 | Chlorothalonil | 0.005 13 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.036 | 0.6 | 0.007 53 | 1.25 | 2.870 3 |
咪鲜胺 | Prochloraz | 0.004 96 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.003 8 | 0.1 | 0.000 79 | 0.79 | 0.478 4 |
嘧菌酯 | Azoxystrobin | 0.005 05 | 0.2 | 0.006 | 0.012 | — | 0.002 51 | — | — |
灭蝇胺 | Cyromazine | 0.005 36 | 0.06 | 0.021 | 0.064 | 0.1 | 0.013 38 | 13.38 | 0.478 4 |
苯醚甲环唑 | Difenoconazole | 0.005 39 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.049 | 0.3 | 0.010 24 | 3.41 | 1.435 2 |
吡虫啉 | Imidacloprid | 0.005 6 | 0.06 | 0.022 | 0.067 | 0.4 | 0.014 01 | 3.5 | 1.913 5 |
吡唑醚菌酯 | Pyraclostrobin | 0.006 12 | 0.03 | 0.048 | 0.18 | 0.7 | 0.037 63 | 5.38 | 3.348 7 |
草甘膦 | Glyphosate | 0.020 12 | 1 | 0.004 7 | 4.36 | — | 0.911 4 | — | — |
虫酰肼 | Tebufenozide | 0.005 07 | 0.02 | 0.059 | 0.015 | 0.9 | 0.003 14 | 0.35 | 4.305 5 |
哒螨灵 | Pyridaben | 0.005 02 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.012 | — | 0.002 51 | — | — |
啶虫脒 | Acetamiprid | 0.006 7 | 0.07 | 0.022 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.022 99 | 22.99 | 0.478 4 |
多菌灵 | Carbendazim | 0.006 8 | 0.03 | 0.053 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.062 71 | 62.71 | 0.478 4 |
多效唑 | Paclobutrazol | 0.004 98 | 0.1 | 0.012 | 0.002 3 | — | 0.000 48 | — | — |
噁霜灵 | Oxadixyl | 0.005 02 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.011 | — | 0.002 3 | — | — |
氟啶虫酰胺 | Flonicamid | 0.005 05 | 0.07 | 0.017 | 0.018 | — | 0.003 76 | — | — |
腐霉利 | Procymidone | 0.008 04 | 0.1 | 0.019 | 0.29 | 0.1 | 0.060 62 | 60.62 | 0.478 4 |
甲氨基阿维菌 | Emamectin benzoate | 0.002 53 | 0.000 5 | 1.18 | 0.011 | 0.02 | 0.002 3 | 11.5 | 0.095 7 |
素苯甲酸盐 | |||||||||
甲基硫菌灵 | Thiophanate-methyl | 0.006 21 | 0.09 | 0.016 | 0.24 | 1 | 0.050 17 | 5.02 | 4.783 8 |
甲霜灵 | Metalaxyl | 0.005 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.008 2 | 0.5 | 0.001 71 | 0.34 | 2.391 9 |
联苯菊酯 | Bifenthrin | 0.005 12 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.019 | 0.01 | 0.003 97 | 39.72 | 0.047 8 |
氯氟氰菊酯 | Cyhalothrin | 0.005 02 | 0.02 | 0.059 | 0.011 | 0.02 | 0.002 3 | 11.5 | 0.095 7 |
氯氰菊酯 | Cypermethrin | 0.005 08 | 0.02 | 0.059 | 0.027 | 0.04 | 0.005 64 | 14.11 | 0.191 4 |
嘧霉胺 | Pyrimethanil | 0.005 24 | 0.2 | 0.006 1 | 0.057 | — | 0.011 92 | — | — |
噻虫嗪 | Thiamethoxam | 0.007 41 | 0.08 | 0.022 | 0.29 | 1 | 0.060 62 | 6.06 | 4.783 8 |
霜霉威 | Propamocarb | 0.005 03 | 0.4 | 0.002 9 | 0.015 | 2 | 0.003 14 | 0.16 | 9.567 7 |
戊唑醇 | Tebuconazole | 0.005 24 | 0.03 | 0.041 | 0.032 | 0.3 | 0.006 69 | 2.23 | 1.435 2 |
烯酰吗啉 | Dimethomorph | 0.005 18 | 0.2 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.008 36 | 1.39 | 2.870 3 |
异菌脲 | Iprodione | 0.005 64 | 0.06 | 0.022 | 0.075 | — | 0.015 68 | — | — |
茚虫威 | Indoxacarb | 0.005 67 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0.025 08 | 25.08 | 0.478 4 |
表3 农药残留慢性风险评估和急性风险评估
Table 3 Chronic and acute risk assessment of pesticide residues
农药中文名称 Chinese name of pesticide | 农药外文名称 English name of pesticide | 慢性膳食风险评估 Chronic dietary risk assessment | 急性膳食风险评估 Acute dietary risk assessment | SM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STMR mg/kg | ADI mg/kg | %ADI % | HR | ARfD | ESTI mg/kg | %ARfD % | |||
百菌清 | Chlorothalonil | 0.005 13 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.036 | 0.6 | 0.007 53 | 1.25 | 2.870 3 |
咪鲜胺 | Prochloraz | 0.004 96 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.003 8 | 0.1 | 0.000 79 | 0.79 | 0.478 4 |
嘧菌酯 | Azoxystrobin | 0.005 05 | 0.2 | 0.006 | 0.012 | — | 0.002 51 | — | — |
灭蝇胺 | Cyromazine | 0.005 36 | 0.06 | 0.021 | 0.064 | 0.1 | 0.013 38 | 13.38 | 0.478 4 |
苯醚甲环唑 | Difenoconazole | 0.005 39 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.049 | 0.3 | 0.010 24 | 3.41 | 1.435 2 |
吡虫啉 | Imidacloprid | 0.005 6 | 0.06 | 0.022 | 0.067 | 0.4 | 0.014 01 | 3.5 | 1.913 5 |
吡唑醚菌酯 | Pyraclostrobin | 0.006 12 | 0.03 | 0.048 | 0.18 | 0.7 | 0.037 63 | 5.38 | 3.348 7 |
草甘膦 | Glyphosate | 0.020 12 | 1 | 0.004 7 | 4.36 | — | 0.911 4 | — | — |
虫酰肼 | Tebufenozide | 0.005 07 | 0.02 | 0.059 | 0.015 | 0.9 | 0.003 14 | 0.35 | 4.305 5 |
哒螨灵 | Pyridaben | 0.005 02 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.012 | — | 0.002 51 | — | — |
啶虫脒 | Acetamiprid | 0.006 7 | 0.07 | 0.022 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.022 99 | 22.99 | 0.478 4 |
多菌灵 | Carbendazim | 0.006 8 | 0.03 | 0.053 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.062 71 | 62.71 | 0.478 4 |
多效唑 | Paclobutrazol | 0.004 98 | 0.1 | 0.012 | 0.002 3 | — | 0.000 48 | — | — |
噁霜灵 | Oxadixyl | 0.005 02 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.011 | — | 0.002 3 | — | — |
氟啶虫酰胺 | Flonicamid | 0.005 05 | 0.07 | 0.017 | 0.018 | — | 0.003 76 | — | — |
腐霉利 | Procymidone | 0.008 04 | 0.1 | 0.019 | 0.29 | 0.1 | 0.060 62 | 60.62 | 0.478 4 |
甲氨基阿维菌 | Emamectin benzoate | 0.002 53 | 0.000 5 | 1.18 | 0.011 | 0.02 | 0.002 3 | 11.5 | 0.095 7 |
素苯甲酸盐 | |||||||||
甲基硫菌灵 | Thiophanate-methyl | 0.006 21 | 0.09 | 0.016 | 0.24 | 1 | 0.050 17 | 5.02 | 4.783 8 |
甲霜灵 | Metalaxyl | 0.005 | 0.08 | 0.015 | 0.008 2 | 0.5 | 0.001 71 | 0.34 | 2.391 9 |
联苯菊酯 | Bifenthrin | 0.005 12 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.019 | 0.01 | 0.003 97 | 39.72 | 0.047 8 |
氯氟氰菊酯 | Cyhalothrin | 0.005 02 | 0.02 | 0.059 | 0.011 | 0.02 | 0.002 3 | 11.5 | 0.095 7 |
氯氰菊酯 | Cypermethrin | 0.005 08 | 0.02 | 0.059 | 0.027 | 0.04 | 0.005 64 | 14.11 | 0.191 4 |
嘧霉胺 | Pyrimethanil | 0.005 24 | 0.2 | 0.006 1 | 0.057 | — | 0.011 92 | — | — |
噻虫嗪 | Thiamethoxam | 0.007 41 | 0.08 | 0.022 | 0.29 | 1 | 0.060 62 | 6.06 | 4.783 8 |
霜霉威 | Propamocarb | 0.005 03 | 0.4 | 0.002 9 | 0.015 | 2 | 0.003 14 | 0.16 | 9.567 7 |
戊唑醇 | Tebuconazole | 0.005 24 | 0.03 | 0.041 | 0.032 | 0.3 | 0.006 69 | 2.23 | 1.435 2 |
烯酰吗啉 | Dimethomorph | 0.005 18 | 0.2 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.008 36 | 1.39 | 2.870 3 |
异菌脲 | Iprodione | 0.005 64 | 0.06 | 0.022 | 0.075 | — | 0.015 68 | — | — |
茚虫威 | Indoxacarb | 0.005 67 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0.025 08 | 25.08 | 0.478 4 |
农药中文名称 Chinese name of pesticide | 农药外文名称 English name of pesticide | HR | 中国 China | CAC | 欧盟 EU | 日本 Japan | 美国 USA | 韩国 Korea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百菌清 | Chlorothalonil | 0.036 | 2 | — | 0.01* | 5 | 5 | 0.1 |
咪鲜胺 | Prochloraz | 0.003 8 | 0.1 | — | 0.03* | — | — | 1 |
嘧菌酯 | Azoxystrobin | 0.012 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
灭蝇胺 | Cyromazine | 0.064 | — | — | 0.4 | 1 | 2 | 0.1 |
苯醚甲环唑 | Difenoconazole | 0.049 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.05 |
吡虫啉 | Imidacloprid | 0.067 | 0.2 | 0.2 | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.05 |
吡唑醚菌酯 | Pyraclostrobin | 0.18 | 0.5 | — | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
草甘膦 | Glyphosate | 4.36 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | — |
虫酰肼 | Tebufenozide | 0.015 | — | — | 0.01* | — | — | 0.1 |
哒螨灵 | Pyridaben | 0.012 | — | — | 0.01* | 0.02 | — | 0.05 |
啶虫脒 | Acetamiprid | 0.11 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
多菌灵 | Carbendazim | 0.3 | 2 | — | 0.1* | 3 | — | 1 |
多效唑 | Paclobutrazol | 0.002 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
噁霜灵 | Oxadixyl | 0.011 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
氟啶虫酰胺 | Flonicamid | 0.018 | 0.2 | — | 0.4 | 2 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
腐霉利 | Procymidone | 0.29 | — | — | — | 2 | — | 0.2 |
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 | Emamectin benzoate | 0.011 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.1 | — | 0.1 |
甲基硫菌灵 | Thiophanate-methyl | 0.24 | 2 | — | 0.3 | 3 | 1 | — |
甲霜灵 | Metalaxyl | 0.008 2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.2 |
联苯菊酯 | Bifenthrin | 0.019 | — | — | — | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.05 |
氯氟氰菊酯 | Cyhalothrin | 0.011 | 0.05 | — | — | 0.5 | — | — |
氯氰菊酯 | Cypermethrin | 0.027 | 0.07 | — | 0.2 | — | — | — |
嘧霉胺 | Pyrimethanil | 0.057 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
噻虫嗪 | Thiamethoxam | 0.29 | 0.2 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
霜霉威 | Propamocarb | 0.015 | 5 | — | — | 0.5 | — | 0.7 |
戊唑醇 | Tebuconazole | 0.032 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1 |
烯酰吗啉 | Dimethomorph | 0.04 | 0.5 | — | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
异菌脲 | Iprodione | 0.075 | 0.5 | — | — | 10 | — | 0.3 |
茚虫威 | Indoxacarb | 0.12 | — | — | — | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
表4 检出农药与其他国家(地区)农药残留比较
Table 4 Comparison of pesticide residues between detected pesticides and other countries (regions) mg·kg-1
农药中文名称 Chinese name of pesticide | 农药外文名称 English name of pesticide | HR | 中国 China | CAC | 欧盟 EU | 日本 Japan | 美国 USA | 韩国 Korea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百菌清 | Chlorothalonil | 0.036 | 2 | — | 0.01* | 5 | 5 | 0.1 |
咪鲜胺 | Prochloraz | 0.003 8 | 0.1 | — | 0.03* | — | — | 1 |
嘧菌酯 | Azoxystrobin | 0.012 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
灭蝇胺 | Cyromazine | 0.064 | — | — | 0.4 | 1 | 2 | 0.1 |
苯醚甲环唑 | Difenoconazole | 0.049 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.05 |
吡虫啉 | Imidacloprid | 0.067 | 0.2 | 0.2 | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.05 |
吡唑醚菌酯 | Pyraclostrobin | 0.18 | 0.5 | — | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
草甘膦 | Glyphosate | 4.36 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | — |
虫酰肼 | Tebufenozide | 0.015 | — | — | 0.01* | — | — | 0.1 |
哒螨灵 | Pyridaben | 0.012 | — | — | 0.01* | 0.02 | — | 0.05 |
啶虫脒 | Acetamiprid | 0.11 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
多菌灵 | Carbendazim | 0.3 | 2 | — | 0.1* | 3 | — | 1 |
多效唑 | Paclobutrazol | 0.002 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
噁霜灵 | Oxadixyl | 0.011 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
氟啶虫酰胺 | Flonicamid | 0.018 | 0.2 | — | 0.4 | 2 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
腐霉利 | Procymidone | 0.29 | — | — | — | 2 | — | 0.2 |
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 | Emamectin benzoate | 0.011 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.1 | — | 0.1 |
甲基硫菌灵 | Thiophanate-methyl | 0.24 | 2 | — | 0.3 | 3 | 1 | — |
甲霜灵 | Metalaxyl | 0.008 2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.2 |
联苯菊酯 | Bifenthrin | 0.019 | — | — | — | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.05 |
氯氟氰菊酯 | Cyhalothrin | 0.011 | 0.05 | — | — | 0.5 | — | — |
氯氰菊酯 | Cypermethrin | 0.027 | 0.07 | — | 0.2 | — | — | — |
嘧霉胺 | Pyrimethanil | 0.057 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
噻虫嗪 | Thiamethoxam | 0.29 | 0.2 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
霜霉威 | Propamocarb | 0.015 | 5 | — | — | 0.5 | — | 0.7 |
戊唑醇 | Tebuconazole | 0.032 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1 |
烯酰吗啉 | Dimethomorph | 0.04 | 0.5 | — | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
异菌脲 | Iprodione | 0.075 | 0.5 | — | — | 10 | — | 0.3 |
茚虫威 | Indoxacarb | 0.12 | — | — | — | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
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