浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 779-789.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240656
收稿日期:
2024-07-20
出版日期:
2025-04-25
发布日期:
2025-05-09
作者简介:
李艳翠(1975—),女,甘肃靖远人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事水利工程与节水灌溉新技术研究。E-mail: 1261550367@qq.com
通讯作者:
*李福强,E-mail: 1903394122@qq.com
基金资助:
LI Yancui1(), LI Fuqiang2,*(
), ZHOU Bo1
Received:
2024-07-20
Online:
2025-04-25
Published:
2025-05-09
摘要:
为探究不同生育期亏缺灌溉对膜下滴灌蒙古黄芪光合特性、水生产力和药用品质的影响,分别在苗期、现蕾开花期、根茎伸长期和根茎增粗期设置轻度(65%~75%田间持水量)和中度(55%~65%田间持水量)的水分亏缺处理,以全生育期充分灌溉(75%~85%田间持水量)作为对照(CK),在河西绿洲冷凉灌区开展大田试验。结果表明,与CK相比,不同生育期水分亏缺均会显著(P<0.05)降低同期蒙古黄芪叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度。与CK相比,在苗期和现蕾开花期进行轻度水分亏缺处理的产量并无显著差异,但水分利用效率分别显著增加13.98%和12.99%;在根茎伸长期和根茎增粗期进行轻度水分亏缺处理的黄芪甲苷含量分别显著提高4.05%和3.57%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量分别显著提高9.53%和10.20%,但二者的产量分别显著降低8.79%和13.99%。综合评价结果显示,在苗期进行轻度水分亏缺的处理可推荐作为河西绿洲灌区蒙古黄芪适宜的亏缺灌溉策略。
中图分类号:
李艳翠, 李福强, 周波. 不同生育期亏缺灌溉对蒙古黄芪光合特性、产量与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(4): 779-789.
LI Yancui, LI Fuqiang, ZHOU Bo. Effects of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(4): 779-789.
图1 蒙古黄芪全生育期的降水量、日平均气温和参考作物蒸散量
Fig.1 Precipitation, average daily temperature and reference crop evapotranspiration in the whole growth period of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus
处理 Treatment | 各生育期土壤相对含水量的设计区间(下限值~上限值) Design range of soil relative water content at each growth stage (lower limit-upper limit) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling stage | 现蕾开花期 Budding and flowering stage | 根茎伸长期 Root elongation stage | 根茎增粗期 Root thickening stage | |
WD1 | 65~75 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD2 | 55~65 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD3 | 75~85 | 65~75 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD4 | 75~85 | 55~65 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD5 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 65~75 | 75~85 |
WD6 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 55~65 | 75~85 |
WD7 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 65~75 |
WD8 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 55~65 |
CK | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
表1 试验设计
Table 1 Experiment design %
处理 Treatment | 各生育期土壤相对含水量的设计区间(下限值~上限值) Design range of soil relative water content at each growth stage (lower limit-upper limit) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling stage | 现蕾开花期 Budding and flowering stage | 根茎伸长期 Root elongation stage | 根茎增粗期 Root thickening stage | |
WD1 | 65~75 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD2 | 55~65 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD3 | 75~85 | 65~75 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD4 | 75~85 | 55~65 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
WD5 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 65~75 | 75~85 |
WD6 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 55~65 | 75~85 |
WD7 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 65~75 |
WD8 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 55~65 |
CK | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 | 75~85 |
图2 不同处理对叶片SPAD值的影响 柱上无相同字母的表示同一生育期处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图3同。
Fig.2 Effect of treatments on leaf SPAD value Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (P<0.05) difference within treatments at the same growth stage. The same as in Fig. 3.
图3 不同处理对叶片光合指标的影响 Pn,净光合速率;Tr,蒸腾速率;Gs,气孔导度;WUEI,瞬时水分利用效率。
Fig.3 Effect of treatments on leaf photosynthetic indexes Pn, Net photosynthetic rate; Tr, Transpiration rate; Gs, Stomatal conductance; WUEI, Instantaneous water use efficiency。
处理 Treatment | 根长 Root length/cm | 根粗 Root diameter/mm | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | 耗水量 Water consumption/mm | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WD1 | 46.84±1.58 a | 11.32±0.23 a | 4 377.80±148.36 a | 374.10±12.14 b | 1.18±0.03 a |
WD2 | 44.50±1.26 abc | 10.85±0.27 ab | 4 117.69±185.90 abc | 350.90±8.50 cd | 1.17±0.06 a |
WD3 | 46.59±1.61 a | 11.35±0.46 a | 4 285.52±253.83 a | 369.69±6.59 b | 1.16±0.09 a |
WD4 | 43.53±0.94 bcd | 10.81±0.24 ab | 3 919.77±83.92 bc | 356.64±10.71 bc | 1.10±0.01 ab |
WD5 | 36.66±1.36 e | 10.52±0.16 b | 3 825.83±175.19 cd | 364.10±5.04 bc | 1.05±0.04 bc |
WD6 | 35.80±1.43 e | 9.31±0.27 c | 3 263.75±128.40 e | 337.63±10.46 d | 0.97±0.04 cd |
WD7 | 42.81±1.47 cd | 9.39±0.17 c | 3 607.86±132.28 d | 366.05±10.63 bc | 0.99±0.02 cd |
WD8 | 41.15±1.53 d | 8.09±0.45 d | 3 152.92±146.49 e | 347.63±7.72 cd | 0.91±0.06 d |
CK | 45.86±134 ab | 10.95±0.26 ab | 4 194.74±156.04 ab | 409.00±13.06 a | 1.03±0.06 bc |
表2 不同处理对蒙古黄芪产量与水分利用效率的影响
Table 2 Effects of treatments on yield and water use efficiency of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus
处理 Treatment | 根长 Root length/cm | 根粗 Root diameter/mm | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | 耗水量 Water consumption/mm | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WD1 | 46.84±1.58 a | 11.32±0.23 a | 4 377.80±148.36 a | 374.10±12.14 b | 1.18±0.03 a |
WD2 | 44.50±1.26 abc | 10.85±0.27 ab | 4 117.69±185.90 abc | 350.90±8.50 cd | 1.17±0.06 a |
WD3 | 46.59±1.61 a | 11.35±0.46 a | 4 285.52±253.83 a | 369.69±6.59 b | 1.16±0.09 a |
WD4 | 43.53±0.94 bcd | 10.81±0.24 ab | 3 919.77±83.92 bc | 356.64±10.71 bc | 1.10±0.01 ab |
WD5 | 36.66±1.36 e | 10.52±0.16 b | 3 825.83±175.19 cd | 364.10±5.04 bc | 1.05±0.04 bc |
WD6 | 35.80±1.43 e | 9.31±0.27 c | 3 263.75±128.40 e | 337.63±10.46 d | 0.97±0.04 cd |
WD7 | 42.81±1.47 cd | 9.39±0.17 c | 3 607.86±132.28 d | 366.05±10.63 bc | 0.99±0.02 cd |
WD8 | 41.15±1.53 d | 8.09±0.45 d | 3 152.92±146.49 e | 347.63±7.72 cd | 0.91±0.06 d |
CK | 45.86±134 ab | 10.95±0.26 ab | 4 194.74±156.04 ab | 409.00±13.06 a | 1.03±0.06 bc |
图4 不同处理对黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮萄糖苷含量的影响 柱图上无相同字母的表示同一指标在处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。
Fig.4 Effect of treatments on content of astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (P<0.05) differences within treatments for the same index.
处理 Treatment | D+ | D- | C | 排名 Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
WD1 | 0.308 | 0.804 | 0.723 | 1 |
WD2 | 0.545 | 0.585 | 0.518 | 6 |
WD3 | 0.305 | 0.762 | 0.715 | 2 |
WD4 | 0.649 | 0.468 | 0.419 | 7 |
WD5 | 0.341 | 0.767 | 0.692 | 3 |
WD6 | 0.902 | 0.137 | 0.132 | 9 |
WD7 | 0.442 | 0.716 | 0.618 | 5 |
WD8 | 0.868 | 0.266 | 0.235 | 8 |
CK | 0.402 | 0.722 | 0.643 | 4 |
表3 各处理的综合评价
Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of treatments
处理 Treatment | D+ | D- | C | 排名 Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
WD1 | 0.308 | 0.804 | 0.723 | 1 |
WD2 | 0.545 | 0.585 | 0.518 | 6 |
WD3 | 0.305 | 0.762 | 0.715 | 2 |
WD4 | 0.649 | 0.468 | 0.419 | 7 |
WD5 | 0.341 | 0.767 | 0.692 | 3 |
WD6 | 0.902 | 0.137 | 0.132 | 9 |
WD7 | 0.442 | 0.716 | 0.618 | 5 |
WD8 | 0.868 | 0.266 | 0.235 | 8 |
CK | 0.402 | 0.722 | 0.643 | 4 |
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