浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 621-631.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241022
收稿日期:2024-11-23
出版日期:2026-04-25
发布日期:2026-05-08
作者简介:黄小贞,E-mail: xzhuang@gzu.edu.cn基金资助:
SHI Yina(
), WANG Yanxiab, WANG Juanyinga, HUANG Xiaozhena,b,*(
)
Received:2024-11-23
Published:2026-04-25
Online:2026-05-08
摘要:
为充分利用贵州特色古茶树种质资源,本研究以前期筛选得到的易扦插生根的古茶树单株品系TZRR1(Camellia sinensis L. cv. Tongzi rapid rooting1, TZRR1)的扦插苗为研究材料。表型观察发现,TZRR1芽头茸毛密,叶色黄绿,油亮度高,一芽二叶百芽重为33.45 g。与福鼎大白茶(Camellia sinensis L. cv. Fudingdabaicha, FDDB)相比,TZRR1芽叶的含水量较高。石蜡切片分析表明,TZRR1的叶片和嫩茎中木质部区域较FDDB小。进一步测定木质素相对含量发现,TZRR1的木质素相对含量显著(p<0.05)低于FDDB。茶叶生化测定结果表明,TZRR1一芽二叶蒸青样品的茶多酚及水浸出物含量均显著高于FDDB,酚氨比为6.74。进一步利用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)技术对TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶及蒸青样品的香气成分分析发现,4种样品的香气组分及相对含量差异较大。其中,TZRR1鲜叶中的柠檬烯、水杨酸甲酯、(E)-芳樟醇氧化物和乙酸糠酯的相对含量较高。FDDB鲜叶中的苯甲醛、苯并噻唑、芳樟醇和香叶醇的相对含量较高。TZRR1的蒸青样品主要呈现花香和果香,其中苯甲醇、壬醛、茉莉酮、己酸叶醇酯、紫罗兰酮为其主要赋香物质。FDDB的蒸青样品主要呈现木质香和花香,其中雪松醇、胡萝卜籽油、橙花叔醇、α-法呢烯、雪松烯和石竹烯为其主要赋香物质。本研究为进一步开发利用古茶树单株TZRR1奠定了理论基础。
中图分类号:
石尹, 汪艳霞, 王娟英, 黄小贞. 贵州野生古茶树单株TZRR1与福鼎大白茶的持嫩性和品质比较[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(4): 621-631.
SHI Yin, WANG Yanxia, WANG Juanying, HUANG Xiaozhen. Comparative analysis on the tenderness and quality of wild ancient tea plants TZRR1 and Camellia sinensis L. cv. Fudingdabaicha in Guizhou[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(4): 621-631.
图1 TZRR1和FDDB芽叶表型 A,TZRR1的一芽二叶;B,FDDB的一芽二叶。
Fig.1 Phenotypes of buds and leaves in TZRR1 and FDDB A,One bud and two leaves of TZRR1; B,One bud and two leaves of FDDB.
图2 TZRR1和FDDB叶和茎的解剖结构 A,TZRR1叶的横截面木质化情况;B,TZRR1茎的横截面木质化情况;C,FDDB叶的横截面木质化情况;D,FDDB茎的横截面木质化情况。X,木质部;vbs,维管束鞘;P,韧皮部。
Fig.2 Anatomical structure of leaves and stems of TZRR1 and FDDB A, Cross-sectional lignification of TZRR1 leaves; B, Cross-sectional lignification of TZRR1 stems; C, Cross-sectional lignification of FDDB leaves; D, Cross-sectional lignification of FDDB stems. X, Xylem; vbs, Bundle sheath; P, Phloem.
图3 TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶含水量与木质素相对含量 “*”表示不同茶树类型间差异显著(p<0.05)。
Fig.3 The water content and lignin relative content of fresh leaves of TZRR1 and FDDB “*”indicates a significant (p<0.05) difference between different tea plant types.
| 茶树类型 Tea plant type | 氨基酸含量/% Amino acids content/% | 茶多酚含量/% Tea polyphenols content/% | 酚氨比 Ratio of polyphenols to amino acids | 水浸出物含量/% Water extract content/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TZRR1 | 3.26±0.22* | 21.97±1.30** | 6.74±0.06 | 44.05±1.07** |
| FDDB | 3.92±0.33 | 17.54±0.21 | 4.47±0.35 | 39.13±0.32 |
表1 TZRR1与FDDB的生化成分
Table 1 Biochemical components of TZRR1与FDDB
| 茶树类型 Tea plant type | 氨基酸含量/% Amino acids content/% | 茶多酚含量/% Tea polyphenols content/% | 酚氨比 Ratio of polyphenols to amino acids | 水浸出物含量/% Water extract content/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TZRR1 | 3.26±0.22* | 21.97±1.30** | 6.74±0.06 | 44.05±1.07** |
| FDDB | 3.92±0.33 | 17.54±0.21 | 4.47±0.35 | 39.13±0.32 |
| 茶树类型 Tea plant type | 外形得分 Shape score | 汤色得分 Color score | 香气得分 Aroma score | 滋味得分 Flavor score | 叶底得分 Infused leaves score | 总分 Total score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDDB | 87.20±0.84 | 92.00±0.71 | 92.00±1.22 | 93.00±0.45 | 89.00±1.00 | 90.60 |
| TZRR1 | 89.20±1.09 | 92.20±0.83 | 93.50±0.50 | 92.00±0.79 | 92.00±0.71 | 91.80 |
表2 TZRR1与FDDB蒸青样品的感官品质
Table 2 Sensory quality in steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB
| 茶树类型 Tea plant type | 外形得分 Shape score | 汤色得分 Color score | 香气得分 Aroma score | 滋味得分 Flavor score | 叶底得分 Infused leaves score | 总分 Total score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDDB | 87.20±0.84 | 92.00±0.71 | 92.00±1.22 | 93.00±0.45 | 89.00±1.00 | 90.60 |
| TZRR1 | 89.20±1.09 | 92.20±0.83 | 93.50±0.50 | 92.00±0.79 | 92.00±0.71 | 91.80 |
图4 TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶与蒸青样品的主成分分析(PCA)和层次聚类分析(HCA) A,TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶与蒸青样品香气成分的主成分分析;B,TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶与蒸青样品香气成分的层次聚类分析。1、2、3表示一组样品的3个重复。
Fig.4 PCA and HCA in fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB A, Principal component analysis of aroma components in fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB; B, Hierarchical cluster analysis of aroma components in fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB. 1, 2, and 3 represent the three replicates of a set of samples.
图5 TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶与蒸青样品的偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)和置换检验 A,TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶与蒸青样品香气成分的偏最小二乘法判别分析得分图;B,TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶与蒸青样品香气成分的交叉验证。1、2、3表示一组样品的3个重复。
Fig.5 PLS-DA and displacement test in fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB A, Partial least squares discrimination analysis scores of aroma components in fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB; B, Cross-validation of aroma components in fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB. 1, 2, and 3 represent the three replicates of a set of samples.
图7 TZRR1和FDDB 差异香气成分相对含量的聚类热图 1 、2、3表示一组样品的3个重复。
Fig.7 Clustering heat maps of relative contents in different aroma components of TZRR1 and FDDB 1, 2, and 3 represent the three replicates of a set of samples.
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