浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 621-631.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241022

• 作物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州野生古茶树单株TZRR1与福鼎大白茶的持嫩性和品质比较

石尹a(), 汪艳霞b, 王娟英a, 黄小贞a,b,*()   

  1. a 贵州大学 生命科学学院, 山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    b 贵州大学 茶学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-23 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-08
  • 作者简介:黄小贞,E-mail: xzhuang@gzu.edu.cn
    石尹,主要从事茶树发育生物学研究。E-mail: shiyin2857@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合科技支撑〔2023〕一般项目012);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字〔2022〕153号)

Comparative analysis on the tenderness and quality of wild ancient tea plants TZRR1 and Camellia sinensis L. cv. Fudingdabaicha in Guizhou

SHI Yina(), WANG Yanxiab, WANG Juanyinga, HUANG Xiaozhena,b,*()   

  1. a Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovationin Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Guiyang 550025, China
    b College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University,, Guiyang 550025, China
  • Received:2024-11-23 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-08

摘要:

为充分利用贵州特色古茶树种质资源,本研究以前期筛选得到的易扦插生根的古茶树单株品系TZRR1(Camellia sinensis L. cv. Tongzi rapid rooting1, TZRR1)的扦插苗为研究材料。表型观察发现,TZRR1芽头茸毛密,叶色黄绿,油亮度高,一芽二叶百芽重为33.45 g。与福鼎大白茶(Camellia sinensis L. cv. Fudingdabaicha, FDDB)相比,TZRR1芽叶的含水量较高。石蜡切片分析表明,TZRR1的叶片和嫩茎中木质部区域较FDDB小。进一步测定木质素相对含量发现,TZRR1的木质素相对含量显著(p<0.05)低于FDDB。茶叶生化测定结果表明,TZRR1一芽二叶蒸青样品的茶多酚及水浸出物含量均显著高于FDDB,酚氨比为6.74。进一步利用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)技术对TZRR1和FDDB鲜叶及蒸青样品的香气成分分析发现,4种样品的香气组分及相对含量差异较大。其中,TZRR1鲜叶中的柠檬烯、水杨酸甲酯、(E)-芳樟醇氧化物和乙酸糠酯的相对含量较高。FDDB鲜叶中的苯甲醛、苯并噻唑、芳樟醇和香叶醇的相对含量较高。TZRR1的蒸青样品主要呈现花香和果香,其中苯甲醇、壬醛、茉莉酮、己酸叶醇酯、紫罗兰酮为其主要赋香物质。FDDB的蒸青样品主要呈现木质香和花香,其中雪松醇、胡萝卜籽油、橙花叔醇、α-法呢烯、雪松烯和石竹烯为其主要赋香物质。本研究为进一步开发利用古茶树单株TZRR1奠定了理论基础。

关键词: 野生古茶树, 持嫩性, 品质, 石蜡切片

Abstract:

This study aims to fully utilize the unique germplasm resources of ancient tea plants in Guizhou, China. Using cutting seedlings derived from the easily propagated and rooted ancient tea tree single-plant variety TZRR1 (Camellia sinensis L. cv. Tongzi rapid rooting1, TZRR1), which was obtained through preliminary screening, as the research material. Phenotypic observations revealed that TZRR1 has abundant trichomes on the buds, yellowish-green leaves, and a high oil sheen. The weight of hundred buds with two leaves was 33.45 g. Compared with Fudingdabaicha (Camellia sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha, FDDB), TZRR1 had a higher water content in the buds and leaves. Paraffin section analysis revealed that the xylem area in the leaves and stems of the TZRR1 variety was reduced compared with FDDB. Further analysis of lignin relative content showed that TZRR1 was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that in FDDB. Biochemical measurements of tea indicated that the content of tea polyphenols and water extract contents in the steamed samples of TZRR1 with one bud and two leaves were significantly higher than that of FDDB, with a phenol-ammonia ratio of 6.74. Using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) technology revealed differences in the aroma components and their relative contents in the fresh leaves and steamed green samples of TZRR1 and FDDB. The fresh leaves of TZRR1 contained higher relative contents of limonene, methyl salicylate, (E)-linalool oxide, and furfural acetate, while the fresh leaves of FDDB contained higher relative contents of benzaldehyde, benzothiazole, linalool, and geraniol. The steamed green samples of TZRR1 primarily exhibited floral and fruity aromas, with benzyl alcohol, nonanal, jasmine ketone, cis-3-hexenyl caproate, and ionone being the main aroma-contributing substances. The steamed green samples of FDDB mainly presented woody and floral aromas, with cedrol, carotene seed oil, nerolidol, α-farnesene, cedrene, and caryophyllene being the main aroma-contributing substances. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the further development and utilization of ancient tea tree single-plant TZRR1.

Key words: wild ancient tea tree, tenderness, quality, paraffin section

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