Response of bacterial community to planting cover crops in virgin upland red soil

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221096

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1864-1875.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221096

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Response of bacterial community to planting cover crops in virgin upland red soil

SI Linlin(), XU Jing, CAO Kai, ZHANG Xian, WANG Jianhong^*()

Institute of Environment and Resource & Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2022-07-25 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present assay, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of 3 treatments, i.e., non-planting (CK), planting bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. humilis Alef), and planting sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense) on the bacterial community structure of virgin red soils under newly-cultivated upland, in Suichang County and Jingning She Autonomous County, Zhejiang Province, China, respectively. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the diversity and community structure of bacteria in soil. Moreover, the correlation within soil environmental factors and bacterial communities was analyzed. The results showed that significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content after planting cover crops, and the effect of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was better than that of bean. The diversity of bacterial communities did not alter significantly between the 2 types of cover crops. The predominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Myxococcota, and Verrucomicrobiota, of which the relative abundance accounted for over 84%. Planting cover crops decreased the qualities of distinct biomarkers, especially when planting beans. At the phylum level, beans dramatically increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in rhizosphere soils compared with the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Moreover, the relative abundance of Rhodanobacter and Dokdonella in bean rhizosphere soils was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 5-6 folds compared with the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the genus level. Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis revealed that pH, available potassium content, and soil microbial biomass carbon content were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil bacterial phyla, such as Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Firmicutes, Myxococcota, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria. Overall, planting cover crops on virgin upland red soils could improve soil environmental conditions and promote soil bacterial communities participating in soil nutrient cycling.

Key words: cover crops, red soil, upland, virgin soil, soil bacteria, community structure

CLC Number:

S142

SI Linlin, XU Jing, CAO Kai, ZHANG Xian, WANG Jianhong. Response of bacterial community to planting cover crops in virgin upland red soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1864-1875.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Biomass of cover crops under different treatments t·hm-2

处理 Treatment	地上部 Shoot	根系 Root	总生物量 Total
SC_bean	3.9 bc	0.5 c	4.4 c
SC_ssh	5.6 a	2.6 a	8.2 a
JN_bean	2.4 c	0.7 c	3.1 c
JN_ssh	4.5 ab	1.9 b	6.4 b

Table 2 Soil properties in dryland under different treatments

处理 Treatment	pH	SOC/ (g·kg^-1)	POC/ (g·kg^-1)	SMBC/ (mg·kg^-1)	TN/ (g·kg^-1)	PON/ (g·kg^-1)	SMBN/ (mg·kg^-1)	AN/ (mg·kg^-1)	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)
SC_CK	5.06 b	2.90 d	0.53 d	60.51 d	0.12 d	0.04 bc	3.38 d	26.25 c	4.83 de	112.50 e
SC_bean	5.08 b	7.97 a	1.98 a	244.39 b	0.66 a	0.13 a	14.02 b	61.95 a	42.15 a	158.40 cd
SC_ssh	5.04 b	6.50 b	1.94 a	364.81 a	0.47 b	0.11 a	24.59 a	64.40 a	17.63 c	232.00 b
JN_CK	5.30 b	5.25 c	0.95 cd	42.51 d	0.33 c	0.03 c	10.10 c	30.33 c	3.47 e	131.00 de
JN_bean	5.27 b	5.76 c	1.48 b	150.08 c	0.37 c	0.08 b	17.26 b	50.40 b	37.24 b	275.75 a
JN_ssh	5.58 a	5.86 c	1.03 bc	116.55 c	0.28 c	0.03 c	17.56 b	29.40 c	8.68 d	178.10 c

Fig.1 Alpha diversity index of soil bacterial community “*” and “**” indicate signficant differnce at P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively.

Fig.2 Venn diagram of bacterial OTU (operational taxonomic units) level

Fig.3 Bacteria community structure and differences of different treatments at phyla level

Fig.4 Evolutionary cladistic graph based on LEfSe analysis (LDA>4.0) for soil bacterial community

Fig.5 Difference of bacteria community at genus levels between rhizosphere soils of two cover crops

Fig.6 Principal co-ordinates analysis (PcoA) based on OTU levels and distribution and dispersion of different treatments based on the PC1 (principle component 1) axis PC1, Principal component 1; PC2, Principle component 2.

Fig.7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination diagram of relationships within soil environmental factors and bacterial community based on OTU levels SOC, Soil organic carbon; POC, Particulate organic carbon; SMBC, Soil microbial biomass carbon; TN, Total nitrogen; PON, Particulate organic nitrogen; SMBN, Soil microbial biomass nitrogen; AN, Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen; AP, Available phosphorus; AK, Available potassium. The same as below.

Table 3 Explanatory weights of environmental factors for RDA results

环境因子 Environmental factors	RDA1	RDA2	R²	P
pH	0.897 9	-0.440 3	0.401 2	0.020
SOC	-0.095 4	0.995 4	0.340 2	0.038
POC	0.208 8	0.978 0	0.251 0	0.102
SMBC	0.082 5	0.996 6	0.480 9	0.008
TN	-0.153 8	0.988 1	0.297 0	0.057
PON	-0.068 9	0.997 6	0.432 4	0.016
SMBN	0.882 4	0.470 5	0.227 9	0.146
AN	0.218 0	0.975 9	0.384 2	0.025
AP	0.549 5	0.835 5	0.257 8	0.105
AK	0.995 5	0.094 6	0.358 5	0.040

Fig.8 Heatmap of correlation within environmental factors and bacterial taxa at phylum level “*” “**” “***” represent significance of P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, respectively.

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Response of bacterial community to planting cover crops in virgin upland red soil

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