Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230772

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1389-1399.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230772

• Biosystems Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system

JIAO Bingyan¹(), SHI Zenglu¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Xuejun¹^,², ZHANG Haitao¹, YU Yongliang³, WANG Duijin³

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tiemenguan 841007, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-06-17 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-02

Abstract

Abstract:

A monitoring system is designed to accurately monitor the seed extraction status of the hole sowers in Xinjiang cotton fields due to seed leakage caused by poor seed extraction and seed discharge of the hole sowers. The system used a STM32 microcontroller as the main controller, a laser sensor and a Hall sensor as the monitoring elements to obtain the seed extraction information of the hole sower, calculated the number of qualified holes and the empty hole rate and transmit them to the human-machine interaction display, and uploaded the seed extraction data to a remote server in real time through a GPRS communication module. A test bench was built to monitor the seed picking information of cotton, and the stability and accuracy of the system were verified through field trials. The results of the bench test showed that the monitoring accuracy of the number of qualified holes was not less than 98.09% and the number of empty holes was not less than 95.69% when the speed of the hole sower was 30-45 r·min^-1, and the accuracy of the monitoring system fully met the working requirements. The field test results showed that the monitoring accuracy of the number of qualified holes was 95.06% when the tractor was traveling at 2.5-3.8 km·h^-1, which was 3.03 percentage points lower than that of the bench test; the monitoring accuracy of the number of empty holes was 91.89%, which was 3.80 percentage points lower than that of the bench test. The sample data from the system monitoring and manual monitoring were subjected to F-test, and the F-value of the number of qualified holes and empty holes between the system monitoring and manual actual measurement was< F_0.975 (7.15), with a P_0.05 value>0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference between the data from the system monitoring and manual monitoring. The monitoring system has high stability and accuracy in the field operation process, and can meet the requirements of monitoring the seeding status of cotton precision sowing, which is of great significance to the increase of cotton yield and income.

Key words: sensor, hole sower, monitoring systems, monitoring accuracy

CLC Number:

S223.2

JIAO Bingyan, SHI Zenglu, ZHANG Xuejun, ZHANG Haitao, YU Yongliang, WANG Duijin. Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1389-1399.

Figures/Tables 19

References 13

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步骤Step	AT指令AT instruction	功能Function
第一步Step 1	AT+CSMINS	对网络信号及 SIM卡的检测 Detection of network signals and SIM cards
第二步 Step 2	AT+CGCLASS	将 GPRS移动站设置为 B类 Set GPRS mobile station to Class B
第三步 Step 3	AT+CGATT	附加 GPRS服务 Additional GPRS services
第四步 Step 4	AT+CLTS	取得本地时钟标记 Obtain local clock markers
第五步 Step 5	AT+CLPORT	设置本地 TCP 连接端口“2000” Set local TCP connection port “2000”
第六步 Step 6	AT+CIPSTART	创建TCP连接 Create TCP connection
第七步 Step 7	AT+CIPSEND	发送数据Send data
第八步 Step 8	AT+CIPACK	查询已连接数据发送情况 Query the status of connected data transmission
第九步 Step 9	AT+CIPCLOSE	关掉TCP连接 Turn off TCP connection
第十步 Step 10	AT+CIPSHUT	关掉当前场景 Turn off the current scene

步骤Step	AT指令AT instruction	功能Function
第一步Step 1	AT+CSMINS	对网络信号及 SIM卡的检测 Detection of network signals and SIM cards
第二步 Step 2	AT+CGCLASS	将 GPRS移动站设置为 B类 Set GPRS mobile station to Class B
第三步 Step 3	AT+CGATT	附加 GPRS服务 Additional GPRS services
第四步 Step 4	AT+CLTS	取得本地时钟标记 Obtain local clock markers
第五步 Step 5	AT+CLPORT	设置本地 TCP 连接端口“2000” Set local TCP connection port “2000”
第六步 Step 6	AT+CIPSTART	创建TCP连接 Create TCP connection
第七步 Step 7	AT+CIPSEND	发送数据Send data
第八步 Step 8	AT+CIPACK	查询已连接数据发送情况 Query the status of connected data transmission
第九步 Step 9	AT+CIPCLOSE	关掉TCP连接 Turn off TCP connection
第十步 Step 10	AT+CIPSHUT	关掉当前场景 Turn off the current scene

穴播器转速 Speed of the hole sower/(r·min^-1)	实际合格穴数 Actual number of qualified holes count	监测合格穴数 Monitoring number of qualified holes count	相对误差 Relative error/%	合格穴数监测精度 Monitoring accuracy of qualified holes count/%
30	210	212	0.94	99.06
35	207	210	1.43	98.57
40	207	211	1.90	98.10
45	205	209	1.91	98.09

穴播器转速 Speed of the hole sower/(r·min^-1)	实际合格穴数 Actual number of qualified holes count	监测合格穴数 Monitoring number of qualified holes count	相对误差 Relative error/%	合格穴数监测精度 Monitoring accuracy of qualified holes count/%
30	210	212	0.94	99.06
35	207	210	1.43	98.57
40	207	211	1.90	98.10
45	205	209	1.91	98.09

穴播器转速 Speed of the hole sower/(r·min^-1)	实际空穴数 Actual number of empty holes count	监测空穴数 Monitoring number of empty holes count	相对误差 Relative error/%	空穴数监测精度 Monitoring accuracy of empty holes count/%
30	90	88	2.22	97.78
35	93	90	3.23	96.77
40	93	89	4.30	95.70
45	95	91	4.31	95.69

Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system

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Figures/Tables 19

References 13

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行进速度 Travel speed/ (km·h^-1)	传感器编号 Sensor No.	理论合格穴数 Theoretical qualified holes count	实际合格穴数 Actual qualified holes count	实际空穴数 Actual empty holes count	监测合格穴数 Monitored qualified holes count	监测空穴数 Monitored empty holes count	合格穴数监测精度 Accuracy of qualified holes count monitoring/%	空穴数监测精度 Accuracy of empty holes count monitoring/%
2.5	1	1 050	1 032	18	1 005	17	97.38	94.44
	2	1 050	1 029	21	1 003	20	97.47	95.24
	3	1 050	1 028	22	998	21	97.08	95.45
	4	1 050	1 031	19	1 002	18	97.19	94.74
	5	1 050	1 027	23	995	22	96.88	95.65
	6	1 050	1 030	20	999	20	96.99	100
3.0	1	1 050	1 029	21	996	20	96.79	95.24
	2	1 050	1 025	25	985	23	96.10	92.00
	3	1 050	1 027	23	994	22	96.71	95.65
	4	1 050	1 025	25	988	24	96.39	96.00
	5	1 050	1 024	26	990	25	96.68	96.15
	6	1 050	1 022	28	989	26	96.99	92.86
3.5	1	1 050	1 020	30	980	28	96.08	93.33
	2	1 050	1 018	32	976	31	95.87	96.88
	3	1 050	1 019	31	979	29	96.07	93.55
	4	1 050	1 021	29	977	27	95.69	93.10
	5	1 050	1 018	32	974	31	95.68	96.88
	6	1 050	1 019	31	977	29	95.88	93.55
3.8	1	1 050	1 014	36	972	35	95.86	97.22
	2	1 050	1 013	37	965	34	95.26	91.89
	3	1 050	1 017	33	968	31	95.12	93.94
	4	1 050	1 012	38	962	36	95.06	94.74
	5	1 050	1 014	36	967	34	95.36	94.44
	6	1 050	1 013	37	966	35	95.36	94.59

监测因素 Monitoring factors	行进速度 Travel speed/ (km·h^-1)	系统监测System monitoring			人工实测Manual measurement			df	F值	P_0.05值
监测因素 Monitoring factors	行进速度 Travel speed/ (km·h^-1)	平均值 Average	方差 Variance	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average	方差 Variance	标准差 Standard deviation	df	F值	P_0.05值
合格穴数	2.5	1 000.33	13.47	3.67	1 029.5	3.50	1.87	5	3.85	0.15
Qualified	3.0	990.33	16.27	4.03	1 025.33	5.87	2.42	5	2.77	0.11
holes count	3.5	977.17	4.57	2.14	1 019.17	1.37	3.34	5	3.34	0.08
	3.8	966.67	11.07	3.33	1 013.83	2.97	1.72	5	3.73	0.06
空穴数	2.5	19.67	3.47	1.86	20.50	3.50	1.87	5	0.99	0.46
Empty holes	3.0	23.33	4.67	2.16	24.67	5.87	2.42	5	0.80	0.34
count	3.5	29.17	2.57	1.60	30.83	1.37	1.17	5	1.88	0.07
	3.8	34.17	2.97	1.72	36.17	2.97	1.72	5	1.00	0.07

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