Optimization of substrate formulation and cultivation techniques for Morchella eximia WSJD-1 in Guangxi region of China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240872

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1881-1890.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240872

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Optimization of substrate formulation and cultivation techniques for Morchella eximia WSJD-1 in Guangxi region of China

LUO Yanglan(), HUANG Liling, HUANG Shilyu, YAN Yong(), WANG Canqin

Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China

Received:2024-10-16 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: YAN Yong

Abstract

Abstract:

To optimize the culture medium formulation for Morchella eximia strain WSJD-1 and identify key cultivation techniques for Morchella sp. in Guangxi, the Plackett-Burman experiment design, steepest ascent experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methods were used to optimize the substrate composition for WSJD-1 cultivation. Based on the optimized formulation, effects of different sowing dates, seeding rates, mulching methods, and continuous cropping cycle on morel growth in Guangxi were investigated. The results showed that the optimal substrate formula for WSJD-1 was: 83.0% wheat (mass fraction), 10.0% sawdust (mass fraction), 1.8% rice husk (mass fraction), 0.3% KH₂PO₄ (mass fraction), 0.3% MgSO₄ (mass fraction), 2.6% humus soil (mass fraction), 1% quick lime (mass fraction), and 1% gypsum (mass fraction). Under this formulation, the average sclerotia dry weight reached 20.879 g per bag, representing a 14.68% increase compared with the pre-optimization baseline. Variations in sowing date, seeding rate, mulching method, and continuous cropping cycle had little influence on the time required for mycelium germination, primordium formation, and young fruiting body emergence. In Guangxi, the optimal sowing date was between November 25th and December 2nd. The optimal seeding rate was 200 kg per 667 m². The highest yield (0.669 kg·m^-2) was achieved using a combination of white agricultural film covering the greenhouse exterior and black plastic mulch applied inside the greenhouse. Continuous cropping significantly reduced yield: yields after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cycles of continuous cropping decreased by 47.10%, 56.38%, and 64.78%, respectively, compared with the non-continuous cultivation. Furthermore, the incidence of pests and diseases increased markedly with the increase of continuous cropping cycles. This study clarified the optimal substrate formula for M. eximia WSJD-1 and key technical parameters for WSJD-1 cultivation in Guangxi, including the optimal sowing date, seeding rate, mulching method, and the impact of continuous cropping.

Key words: Morchella eximia, culture medium, sowing date, seeding rate, mulching method, sclerotia, cultivation technique

CLC Number:

S646

LUO Yanglan, HUANG Liling, HUANG Shilyu, YAN Yong, WANG Canqin. Optimization of substrate formulation and cultivation techniques for Morchella eximia WSJD-1 in Guangxi region of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(9): 1881-1890.

Figures/Tables 12

References 33

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水平 Level	各因素的质量分数Mass fraction of factors
水平 Level	(A)小麦Wheat	(B)木屑Sawdust	(C)谷壳Chaff	(D)KH₂PO₄	(E)MgSO₄	(F)腐殖土Muck
-1	75	5	2.5	0.1	0.15	1.5
1	85	10	5.0	0.2	0.30	2.5

水平 Level	各因素的质量分数Mass fraction of factors
水平 Level	(A)小麦Wheat	(B)木屑Sawdust	(C)谷壳Chaff	(D)KH₂PO₄	(E)MgSO₄	(F)腐殖土Muck
-1	75	5	2.5	0.1	0.15	1.5
1	85	10	5.0	0.2	0.30	2.5

因素 Factor	各因素的质量分数Mass fraction of factors
因素 Factor	(A)小麦 Wheat	(B)谷壳 Chaff	(C)KH₂PO₄
-1	75	1	0.20
0	80	2	0.25
1	85	3	0.30

因素 Factor	各因素的质量分数Mass fraction of factors
因素 Factor	(A)小麦 Wheat	(B)谷壳 Chaff	(C)KH₂PO₄
-1	75	1	0.20
0	80	2	0.25
1	85	3	0.30

项 Term	效应 Effect	系数 Coefficient	系数标准误 Standard error of coefficient	t值 t value	p值 p value
常量Constant		14.871	0.521	28.55	<0.001
A	3.630	1.815	0.521	3.48	0.018
B	0.049	0.024	0.521	0.05	0.964
C	-3.984	-1.992	0.521	-3.82	0.012
D	3.491	1.745	0.521	3.35	0.020
E	1.587	0.793	0.521	1.52	0.188
F	2.640	1.320	0.521	2.53	0.052

Optimization of substrate formulation and cultivation techniques for Morchella eximia WSJD-1 in Guangxi region of China

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Figures/Tables 12

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序号 Number	各因素的水平Level of factors						每袋菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotia per bag/g
序号 Number	A	B	C	D	E	F	每袋菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotia per bag/g
1	-1	1	1	-1	1	-1	8.010
2	1	-1	-1	-1	1	1	18.045
3	-1	1	-1	-1	-1	1	16.112
4	1	-1	1	-1	-1	-1	11.254
5	-1	-1	-1	1	1	1	18.981
6	1	-1	1	1	-1	1	17.012
7	1	1	1	-1	1	1	15.548
8	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	9.784
9	-1	-1	1	1	1	-1	14.002
10	1	1	-1	1	-1	-1	18.855
11	1	1	-1	1	1	-1	19.400
12	-1	1	1	1	-1	1	11.447

序号 Number	质量分数Mass fraction/%			每袋菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotia per bag/g
序号 Number	小麦 Wheat	谷壳 Chaff	KH₂PO₄	每袋菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotia per bag/g
1	75	10	0.05	15.781
2	77	8	0.10	16.946
3	79	6	0.15	17.633
4	81	4	0.20	18.309
5	83	2	0.25	18.867
6	85	1	0.30	17.801

试验号 Test number	各因素的水平 Level of factors			每袋菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotia per bag/g
试验号 Test number	A	B	C	每袋菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotia per bag/g
1	0	0	0	19.993
2	0	0	0	20.878
3	-1	0	1	16.895
4	1	0	-1	14.437
5	-1	1	0	16.279
6	0	-1	-1	14.146
7	0	0	0	21.001
8	0	1	-1	16.086
9	0	1	1	16.988
10	0	0	0	21.301
11	1	0	1	19.660
12	0	0	0	19.985
13	-1	-1	0	15.001
14	0	-1	1	19.900
15	1	-1	0	17.259
16	1	1	0	15.250
17	-1	0	-1	13.768

方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	p值 p value
模型Model	108.43	9	12.05	34.49	< 0.000 1
A	2.72	1	2.72	7.78	0.026 9
B	0.36	1	0.36	1.04	0.342 2
C	28.15	1	28.15	80.59	< 0.000 1
AB	2.70	1	2.70	7.73	0.027 3
AC	1.10	1	1.10	3.14	0.119 5
BC	5.89	1	5.89	16.85	0.004 5
A²	29.28	1	29.28	83.84	< 0.000 1
B²	17.65	1	17.65	50.52	0.000 2
C²	13.71	1	13.71	39.25	0.000 4
残差Residual	2.44	7	0.35
失拟度	0.97	3	0.32	0.88	0.521 8
Lack of fit
绝对误差	1.47	4	0.37
Pure error
总离差	110.87	16
Total variation

播种期 Sowing date	菌丝萌发时间 Mycelium germination time/d	原基形成时间 Primordium formation time/d	幼菇出现时间 Young fruiting body emergence time/d	生育期 Growth period/d	产量 Yield/(kg·m^-2)
T1	4	45	54	65	0.383±0.019 e
T2	5	44	53	66	0.485±0.017 d
T3	5	45	56	66	0.584±0.034 c
T4	7	47	55	68	0.703±0.030 a
T5	7	48	56	68	0.716±0.012 a
T6	9	47	56	67	0.661±0.071 b
T7	9	46	57	67	0.436±0.048 d
T8	12	44	56	68	0.423±0.039 d

播种量 Seeding rate	菌丝萌发时间 Mycelium germination time/d	原基形成时间 Primordium formation time/d	幼菇出现时间 Young fruiting body emergence time/d	生育期 Growth period/d	产量 Yield/(kg·m^-2)
S1	7	47	56	67	0.689±0.016 a
S2	6	47	55	66	0.677±0.023 a
S3	7	49	59	68	0.514±0.018 b

覆膜方式 Mulching method	菌丝萌发时间 Mycelium germination time/d	原基形成时间 Primordium formation time/d	幼菇出现时间 Young fruiting body emergence time/d	生育期 Growth period/d	产量 Yield/(kg·m^-2)
F1	6	45	54	67	0.418±0.025 b
F2	7	44	53	66	0.431±0.019 b
F3	7	47	55	68	0.301±0.016 c
F4	6	46	56	67	0.669±0.027 a

处理 Treatment	菌丝萌发时间 Mycelium germination time/d	原基形成时间 Primordium formation time/d	幼菇出现时间 Young fruiting body emergence time/d	生育期 Growth period/d	产量 Yield/(kg·m^-2)	病虫害发生程度 Degree of occurrence of pests and diseases
R1	7	47	56	67	0.690±0.033 a	+
R2	7	50	58	68	0.365±0.014 b	++
R3	6	53	64	75	0.301±0.019 b	+++
R4	7	57	66	78	0.243±0.023 c	+++

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