Residual degradation and dietary risk assessment of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in tea leaves

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250071

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 581-587.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250071

• Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products • Previous Articles Next Articles

Residual degradation and dietary risk assessment of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in tea leaves

DING Peiheng¹(), YU Fei¹^,², CHENG Ke¹^,², WANG Chenxue¹, ZHENG Xiao¹, MU Wenjing¹^,^*(), WANG Xiuguo¹

^1. Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
^2. College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, Jiangsu, China

Received:2025-01-22 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-17
Contact: MU Wenjing

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the degradation dynamics and final residues of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in tea, and to clarify the possible dietary risks caused by using tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in pest control, the samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), with an external standard method. The results showed that the analysis method had good linearity. The average recovery rates of flonicamid in fresh tea and dry tea were 88%-96% and 90%-93%, respectively, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.9%-6.0% and 2.3%-2.9%, respectively. The average recovery rate of tolfenpyrad in fresh tea and dry tea was 81%-88% and 85%-92%, respectively, and the RSD was 2.2%-4.2% and 2.1%-5.3%, respectively. Dietary risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid were 0.147 61 and 2.395 72 mg, respectively, accounting for 39.1% and 53.5% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI), and there was no unacceptable risk for the general population. Therefore, under the standard application conditions, tolfenpyrad and flonicamid belong to low residue pesticides in tea, and the risk of dietary intake is low. This study provided data support for the scientific and rational use of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in tea.

Key words: tolfenpyrad, flonicamid, tea, residual degradation, dietary risk

CLC Number:

DING Peiheng, YU Fei, CHENG Ke, WANG Chenxue, ZHENG Xiao, MU Wenjing, WANG Xiuguo. Residual degradation and dietary risk assessment of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in tea leaves[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(3): 581-587.

Figures/Tables 8

References 19

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农药 Pesticide	保留时间/min Retention time/min	定性离子对 Qualitative ion pair(m/z)	定量离子对 Quantitative ion pair(m/z)	管透镜电压/V Tube lens voltage/V	碰撞能量/eV Collision energy/eV
唑虫酰胺Tolfenpyrad	3.2	384.2/154.1	384.2/197.1	200	38/22
氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid	2.3	230.2/174.1	230.2/203.1	73	17/16

农药 Pesticide	保留时间/min Retention time/min	定性离子对 Qualitative ion pair(m/z)	定量离子对 Quantitative ion pair(m/z)	管透镜电压/V Tube lens voltage/V	碰撞能量/eV Collision energy/eV
唑虫酰胺Tolfenpyrad	3.2	384.2/154.1	384.2/197.1	200	38/22
氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid	2.3	230.2/174.1	230.2/203.1	73	17/16

农药 Pesticide	工作液 Working solution	线性方程 Linear equation	决定系数(R²) Coefficient of determination(R²)
唑虫酰胺 Tolfenpyrad	乙腈Acetonitrile	y=1 776 319x+4 070	0.999 7
	茶叶(鲜)空白基质Fresh tea blank substrate	y=1 056 435x+3 187	0.998 7
	茶叶(干)空白基质Dry tea blank substrate	y=930 132x+6 845	0.998 8
氟啶虫酰胺 Flonicamid	乙腈Acetonitrile	y=1 901 204x+5 224	0.999 6
	茶叶(鲜)空白基质Fresh tea blank substrate	y=1 255 664x+4 587	0.999 9
	茶叶(干)空白基质Dry tea blank substrate	y=1 124 471x+5 783	0.999 9

农药 Pesticide	工作液 Working solution	线性方程 Linear equation	决定系数(R²) Coefficient of determination(R²)
唑虫酰胺 Tolfenpyrad	乙腈Acetonitrile	y=1 776 319x+4 070	0.999 7
	茶叶(鲜)空白基质Fresh tea blank substrate	y=1 056 435x+3 187	0.998 7
	茶叶(干)空白基质Dry tea blank substrate	y=930 132x+6 845	0.998 8
氟啶虫酰胺 Flonicamid	乙腈Acetonitrile	y=1 901 204x+5 224	0.999 6
	茶叶(鲜)空白基质Fresh tea blank substrate	y=1 255 664x+4 587	0.999 9
	茶叶(干)空白基质Dry tea blank substrate	y=1 124 471x+5 783	0.999 9

农药 Pesticide	基质 Substrate	添加浓度 Added concentration/(mg·kg^-1)	平均回收率/% Average recovery rate/%	RSD/%
唑虫酰胺Tolfenpyrad	茶叶(鲜)Fresh tea	0.05	81	4.2
		5.00	85	3.2
		50.00	88	2.2
	茶叶(干)Dry tea	0.05	86	5.3
		5.00	85	4.7
		50.00	92	2.1
氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid	茶叶(鲜)Fresh tea	0.05	88	6.0
		5.00	89	3.9
		20.00	96	4.4
	茶叶(干)Dry tea	0.05	90	2.3
		5.00	90	2.9
		20.00	93	2.3

Residual degradation and dietary risk assessment of tolfenpyrad and flonicamid in tea leaves

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农药 Pesticide	采收间隔期/d Harvest interval/d	基质 Substrate	残留中值/(mg·kg^-1) Supervised trials median residue/(mg·kg^-1)	最高残留量/(mg·kg^-1) Highest residue/(mg·kg^-1)
唑虫酰胺Tolfenpyrad	7	茶叶(鲜)Fresh tea	1.10	5.00
		茶叶(干)Dry tea	1.60	5.20
	10	茶叶(鲜)Fresh tea	0.62	2.50
		茶叶(干)Dry tea	0.83	4.60
氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid	7	茶叶(鲜)Fresh tea	0.19	0.58
		茶叶(干)Dry tea	0.24	0.90
	10	茶叶(鲜)Fresh tea	0.18	0.37
		茶叶(干)Dry tea	0.14	0.55

食物种类 Food classification	登记作物 Registration crop	膳食量/kg Dietary intake/kg	参考限量/(mg·kg^-1) Reference limit/(mg·kg^-1)	限量来源 Limited source	NEDI/mg
浅色蔬菜Light vegetables	甘蓝Cabbage	0.183 7	0.5	中国China	0.091 85
水果Fruits	柑橘Citrus	0.045 7	0.8	美国America	0.036 56
饮料类Beverages	茶Tea	0.012 0	1.6	STMR	0.019 20
合计Total	—	0.241 4	—	—	0.147 61

食物种类 Food classification	登记作物 Registration crop	膳食量 Dietary intake/kg	参考限量 Reference limit/(mg·kg^-1)	限量来源 Limited source	NEDI/mg
米及其制品Rice and its products	稻谷Rice	0.239 9	0.50	中国China	0.119 95
薯类Tubers	马铃薯Potato	0.049 5	0.20	中国China	0.009 90
深色蔬菜Dark vegetables	菠菜Spinach	0.091 5	20.00	中国China	1.830 00
浅色蔬菜Light vegetables	甘蓝Cabbage	0.183 7	2.00	中国China	0.367 40
水果Fruits	苹果Apple	0.045 7	1.00	中国China	0.045 70
植物油Vegetable oil	棉籽Cottonseed	0.032 7	0.60	中国China	0.019 62
食盐Salt	茶Tea	0.012 0	0.24	STMR	0.002 88
酱油Soy sauce	大葱Shallot	0.009 0	0.03	欧盟EU	0.000 27
合计Total	—	0.664 0	—	—	2.395 72

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