Abstract: The optimization and adjustment of agricultural structure involve a variety of complex factors. In order to effectively improve the agro-ecological environment, optimize the agricultural structure and promote the social, economic, ecological balance and harmonious development, the author adopted multi-objective linear programming to optimize crop planting structure, improve agricultural water balance and land use structure and improve the agricultural system of economic and ecological benefits for the adjustment objectives, the establishment of agricultural structural adjustment of multi-objective linear programming model. The results of the model showed that the optimal solution was reasonable and realistic, which also showed great importance to improve the agricultural ecological environment, enhance social, economic and ecological benefits．

Key words: agriculture, ecosystem, macro-structure, linear programming, mathematical model