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25 July 2011, Volume 23 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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作物科学
动物科学
作物科学
动物科学
园艺科学
动物科学
园艺科学
动物科学
园艺科学
植物保护
环境科学
植物保护
环境科学
食品科学
环境科学
食品科学
环境科学
生物系统工程
农业经济
食品科学
生物系统工程
农业经济
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作物科学

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Detection and analysis of free amino acids in main maize inbred lines by HPLC method JI Yu-mei;ZHAO Li-wei 2011, 23(4):  0-654.  Abstract ( 1494 )   PDF (1114KB) ( 1990 )   In order to study the quality and traits of amino acid in maize inbred lines, and to screen out the inbred line with high levels of free amino acids to provide high-quality germplasm resources for maize breeding and quality improvement, sixteen kinds of free amino acids extracted form high-lysine corn Opaque-2 and thirteen commonly used inbred lines were detected using HPLC method. The result showed that fifteen kinds of amino acids were detected in Opaque-2, and the content of all free amino acids accounted up to 3.42 percent of total dry matter, while that of lysine was up to 0.28 percent. The content of free amino acids and essential amino acids were very low in the thirteen commonly used inbred lines with the exception of only one line, while the content of lysine was only 0-34 percent of the content of lysine in Opaque-2. In summary, it showed that the genes of essential amino acids in their parents inbred lines of commonly used maize varieties with excellent nutritional quality were scarce． Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and verification of a plant vector carrying an eGfp/Gus fusion reporter gene WU Xue-long;HE Hai-yan;LIU Zhi-hong;HUANG Rui-zhi* 2011, 23(4):  0-650.  Abstract ( 1713 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 1682 )   Green fluorescent protein(Gfp) and beta-glucuronidase(Gus) are two widely used reporter genes, which have advantages and disadvantages for qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of gene expression and promoter activity in molecular studies. A vector carrying an enhanced Gfp/Gus (eGfp/Gus) dual reporter gene was constructed to establish an efficient and convenient screening system for gene and promoter studies in plants. Primers with specific restriction endonuclease sites were designed according to sequences of the reporter genes. The eGfp and Gus genes were amplified respectively by PCR method. With corresponding endonucleases, the genes and the primary vector pFGC5941 were digested, and then these three fragments were ligated in one reaction to make a final vector. The vector, designated pFGC-DR, is characterized with a strong constitutive promoter CamV35S driving the eGfp/Gus fusion gene. Transient expression in tobacco leaves and transgenic expression studies in Arabidopsis showed that this fusion reporter protein retains functional activity for both eGfp and Gus. These results demonstrated the utility of the eGfp/Gus dual reporter system for studying of plant promoters． Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding and characteristics of vegetable soybean variety ‘Zhexiandou No. 5’ ZHU Shen-long*;FU Xu-jun;ZHU Dan-hua;LI Bai-quan;YUAN Feng-jie 2011, 23(4):  0-660.  Abstract ( 1118 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 1411 )   ‘Zhexiandou No. 5’ ［Glycine max(L.) Merr.］ is characterized with high yield potential, good quality and wide adaptability. In National Vegetable Soybean Regional Trial(NVSRT) from 2006-2007, ‘Zhexiandou No.5’ averaged 8043 kg ·667m-2 in fresh pod yield, 6.2% higher than ‘AGS292’, and had 177 standard pods per 500 g with 70.3% of standard pod rate. The average starch and total soluble sugar concentrations of fresh bean were 3.56% and 3.06%, respectively. Cooked bean had soft texture and slight sweet flavor, which makes the variety meet domestic and global market standards. It is about 90 days from sowing to green pod harvest,6 days longer than ‘AGS292’. According to the results of NVSRT, ‘Zhexiandou No. 5’ is widely adapted to the Yangtze River and its southern regions for spring planting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transformation of GmWRKY21 gene to enhance the low freezing tolerance ability of soybean HU Xiao-li;DONG De-kun;YANG Hai-ying;YANG Qing-hua;ZHU Dan-hua;* 2011, 23(4):  0-666.  Abstract ( 1146 )   PDF (1384KB) ( 1347 )   Transcription factor gene GmWRKY21 was introduced into two soybean varieties ‘Zhechun No.5’ and ‘Zhonghuang 13’ via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Embryonic tips jointed with one piece of cotyledon severed as explants in this study. Transformation events were confirmed using target gene-specific and construct-specific PCR analysis. Transgenic plants showed significantly lower electric conductivity than their non-transgenic controls before and after chilling treatment. Better low temperature tolerability of transgenic plants was confirmed after recovered for days： the transgenic plants grew normally, while their controls died in 7 to 10 days after chilling treatment. These results indicated that GmWRKY21 gene had been introduced into soybean genome and it's likely that this gene participated in response to low temperature stress, and finally led to an improved cold tolerance in soybean． Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity analysis based on SSRs markers for major maize inbred lines in Guizhou QIU Hong-bo;DAI Bao-wei;PENG Zhong-hua 2011, 23(4):  0-670.  Abstract ( 875 )   PDF (1129KB) ( 1387 )   The genetic diversity of 16 inbred lines of maize in Guizhou province was analyzed based on SSRs markers using selected 20 pairs of SSR primers. A total of 65 polymorphic fragments were detected. The average of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 3.25 for each primer. Tested materials could be classified into 5 groups according to SSRs markers, which was consistent with previous classification based on conventional methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adaptability of different genotypic flue-cured tobacco materials in Lincang QI Fei;LIU Guo-shun;*;DU Shao-ming;WANG Jian-an;SHI Hong-zhi;ZHANG Rui;GAO Wei-kai 2011, 23(4):  0-675.  Abstract ( 1142 )   PDF (1358KB) ( 1391 )   In order to develop new flue-cured tobacco plant scale in Lincang, select the optimal flue-cured tobacco varieties and improve the quality of tobacco leaves, seven kinds of flue-cured tobacco were used as materials to analyze the agronomic property, economic efficiency, chemical components and aroma constituents. The results showed that the growth, quality and compatibility of chemical components of ‘KRK26’ were the best, and the aroma constituent contents of ‘KRK26’ were higher than the control variety. Meanwhile, the growth, quality, chemical components, and aroma constituents of ‘PVH19’ were lower than the control variety. The properties of other varieties were close to the control variety. Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Cloning of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase gene from silkworm (Bombyx mori) ZHUANG Li;NIU Bao-long;ZHANG Jing-jing;MENG Zhi-qi;* 2011, 23(4):  0-691.  Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (6838KB) ( 1112 )   Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, as one of important signal transduction factors, plays an important role in cell growth and regulation activities. Silkworm phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gene, named as Bmpi3k, was cloned by searching the silkworm (Bombyx mori) expressed sequence tags (EST), genomic DNA prediction, and RT-PCR. Its mRNA was 3 368 bp in full-length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 3 165 bp encoding a protein of 1 055 amino acids. The protein molecular weight was 122.79 kDa with the isoelectric point of 7.32. It contains five specific conserved domains of PI3K protein. The results suggested that BmPI3K was involved in a major life activity of silkworm． Related Articles | Metrics

作物科学

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Response of rice varieties with different cytoplasm types to drought stress LIU Rong;YANG Guo-tao;XIE Chong-hua;HU Yun-gao;XI Xiang-yang 2011, 23(4):  0-679.  Abstract ( 1188 )   PDF (1095KB) ( 1307 )   After generating the binary system of nuclear heterogeneity by using sterile cytoplasm of WA-type and G-type Indica rice varieties and transfer of G46B, we studied the physiological and biochemical responses under drought stress simulated by PEG6000 treatment. The results showed that the responses of the cytoplasm of the two rice varieties to drought stress differed significantly. The integrated index of G-type cytoplasm was better than that of WA-type's under moderate drought stress. Meanwhile, the effects of cytoplasm on nuclear genes were also significantly different and the proportion of Cha in chlorophyll was significantly increased in G\|type cytoplasm． Related Articles | Metrics

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Accumulation of dry matter and mineral nutrients in cigar wrapper tobaccos WANG Yi-heng;CUI Jun-ming;YUAN Bo;SHI Xiang-dong;* 2011, 23(4):  0-684.  Abstract ( 745 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 1207 )   The content of dry matter and mineral nutrients of cigar wrapper tobaccos was analyzed in different growth periods in 2009. The results showed that all organs grew slowly and the content of mineral nutrients was low in 30 d after transplanting in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province. After 30 d, all organs grew faster and the accumulation speed of dry matter and mineral nutrients were fastest in this period, which was very important period for the yield and quality of the cigar wrapper tobacco. After 50 d, every organ grew obviously slowly and the content of mineral nutrients also reduced, but the plant always took the leaf as distributive center. Therefore, in the earlier stage of the cigar wrapper tobacco, basal fertilizers should be applied with large amount and additional fertilizers should be applied earlier to meet the need of plant growth. In the later stage, the absorptive capacity of every organ to the mineral nutrition reduced, and the total amount also became lower, when the additional fertilizers should be applied to raise the quality of tobacco leaves. Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Selection of the new improved lean pig line (DⅣ2) SHUAI Qi-yi;XIONG Yuan-zhu;DENG Chang-yan 2011, 23(4):  0-702.  Abstract ( 1023 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 1214 )   After systematic breeding of 6 generations, a new improved lean pig line (DⅣ2) was bred by the combination use of molecular-assisted-selection and conventional breeding techniques with Chinese new lean pig line as the basic population and meat quality trait as the major trait. DⅣ2 line with good meat quality, high lean percentage, improved growth rate and large litter size was ideal new lean dam line. For gilts and boar of DⅣ2 line,the body weights at the age of 6 months were 103.50 and 97.77 kg and the days of age reaching 90 kg was 161.68 and 170.02 d with backfat thickness of 1.69 and 1.70 cm respectively. Average daily gain of sib test during fattening period was 714.23 g and the days of age reaching 90 kg was 170.02 d while the feed conversion rate was 2.80, lean percentage in the carcass was 60.23%, intramuscular fat was 3.13% and litter size of sows was 13.53 heads. For hybrids of “Large white♂×DⅣ2♀”, “Landrace♂×DⅣ2♀”, “Duroc♂×Large white♂×DⅣ2♀” and “Duroc♂×Landrace♂×DⅣ2♀”, the days of age reaching 90 kg was 145.1 to 157.6 d with feed conversion rate of 2.4 to 2.9, lean percentage of 66.4% to 68.1% and intramuscular fat of 2.75% to 3.36%. The results showed these hybrids were superior cross combinations for pig reproduction． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different chemical activation methods and number of cumulus cell layers on in vitro parthenogenetic development of matured bovine oocytes QIAO Li-min;QIAO Fu-qiang;YAO Hua;LI Xiang-chen;GUAN Wei-jun;*;MA Yue-hui;* 2011, 23(4):  0-697.  Abstract ( 1194 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 1307 )   To explore the suitable activation methods for in vitro parthenogenetic development of matured bovine oocytes and increase the efficiency of nuclear transfer for embryonic parthenogenesis, we have studied the effects of activation by ethanol (EH), ionomycin (Ion), A23187, 6-dimethyl-aminopurine (6\|DMAP: 2 mmol·L-1) or cytochalasin B (CCB) on the development of bovine oocytes. Meanwhile, we have analyzed the effects of different numbers of cumulus cell layers on parthenogenetic development of bovine oocytes in the same condition. The results showed that (1) Ion(5 μmol·L-1), A23187(10 μmol·L-1) or ethanol(7%) applied together with 6-DMAP(2 mmol·L-1) and cytochalasin B (CCB) significantly activated the growth of bovine parthenogenetic embryo, with treatment of Ion＋6-DMAP＋CCB showing the strongest effects as compared to other groups(P<0. 01). Thus, CCB is beneficial to the development of bovine parthenogenetic embryos.(2) The number of cumulus cell layers coating oocytes had significant effects on parthenogenesis development after parthenogenetic activation. The rate of cleavage and blastocysts for bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) containing 3-5 or above 6 cumulus cell layers were 69.09%, 31.58% and 75.14%, 38.85%, respectively. These two groups had no significant difference(P>0. 05), but were significantly higher than the group containing 1-2 lays and the mixed group(P<0.05). Therefore, cells of these two groups were the optimal research material for experiment of parthenogenetic activation of in vitro embryo development in bovine． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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Callus induction and plant regeneration of Clematis henryi HUANG Yu-lei;LU Jia-xin;JIANG Ming;*;LI Wen-ping;ZHANG Xu-yu;ZOU Qing-chen 2011, 23(4):  0-735.  Abstract ( 1084 )   PDF (1359KB) ( 1301 )   To develop a procedure for callus induction and plant regeneration of Clematis henryi, experiments were performed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different hormones using old vines, tender stems, leaves and leafstalks as explants. The results showed that tender stems were the best explants for differentiating callus, and gave the highest induction rate of 88.6% on MS+1.2 mg·L -1 6-BA+0.35 mg·L -1 NAA. MS+4.0 mg·L -1 KT+0.4 mg·L -1 NAA, which was proved to be the best adventitious shoots formation medium with a induction rate of 90.0%. The best rooting medium was obtained while Clematis henryi was cultured on MS+0.04 mg·L -1 NAA, resulting in a rooting percentage of 95.0%. Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Detection of virulent DEV NP gene in artificial infected ducklings using SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR YANG Ying;XIA Meng;YIN Jun-lei;DU Hai-yan;ZHOU Bi-jun;WEN Ming;* 2011, 23(4):  0-707.  Abstract ( 755 )   PDF (1596KB) ( 1217 )   To observe the expression levels of DEV NP gene in the various organizations of 15-day-old ducklings infected intramuscularly with virulent DEV strain GZ, SYBR GreenⅠreal-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the transcripts expression levels of NP gene. The results indicated that the NP gene could be detected in six tissues including liver, spleen, brain, thymus, kidney and lung at 3 h post-infecion (PI), and in duodenum and cecum beside the above six tissues at 6 h PI, then in pectoral muscle and cardiac muscle beside the above eight tissues at 10 h PI. The expression levels detected were various in different organizations, and reached a peak at 30 h or 48 h PI, continuing until 96 h, then all declined. These results provided a theoretical basis for clarification of pathogenic mechanism of DEV, and made the foundation for the study of the relationship between pathogen and ducks． Related Articles | Metrics

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Microsatellite analysis on genetic diversity of wild and cultured populations of Scylla paramamosain ZHOU Yu-fang;SHU Miao-an;*;ZHAO Xiao-feng;ZHU Xiao-yu 2011, 23(4):  0-716.  Abstract ( 1215 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 1241 )   To study the genetic diversity and population structure of the wild Scylla paramamosain population in the Sanmen Bay and the cultured population from Sanmen County, six microsatellite markers were used. A total of 66 alleles were obtained and the polymorphic information content (PIC) value per loci was greater than 0.5, indicating that the six loci were highly polymorphic and can be effectively used to analysis of genetic structure of the crab populations. The numbers of alleles of the wild and cultured populations in six loci ranged from 4 to 18, 6 to 14 respectively. The mean heterozygosity of the two populations were 0.577, 0.561, while the mean PIC value were 0.779, 0.828. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) was 0.0317. The genetic similarity index and genetic distance were 0.7930, 0.2319, respectively. All of these showed that the genetic diversity of the two populations was relatively abundance, and faint genetic differentiation existed between the wild population and cultured population． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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AHP-based evaluation on plant landscape of Huagangguanyu Park in Hangzhou NING Hui-juan;SHAO Feng*;SUN Xi-xi;SHAN Jia-yue 2011, 23(4):  0-724.  Abstract ( 804 )   PDF (1827KB) ( 1689 )   Huagangguanyu Park in Hangzhou was taken as the research subject in this paper. Thirty plant landscape units were selected and evaluated by the method of AHP (analytic hierarchy process). The results were as follows: in the levels of criterion, ecological function was the most important, followed by aesthetic function, service function. And in the levels of index, the top three were the diversity of life forms, the coordination and symbiosis between plants, and the variation of colors and seasonal aspects. The results of evaluation showed that there were ten plant landscape units at the level of I, accounting for 33.3% of the total units that were evaluated, eighteen units at the level of Ⅱ, accounting for 60% of the total, two units at the level of Ⅲ, accounting for 6.7% of the total, and the number of units at the level of Ⅳ was zero. The results indicated that the quality of plant landscape in Huagangguanyu Park was preferable as a whole. And based on the results of the evaluation, the author recommended seven good plant arrangement modes． Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Quantification analysis of miRNAs expression level in different developing stages of Schistosoma japonicum using real time PCR HAO Li-li;LI Rui;ZHENG Wei;* 2011, 23(4):  0-711.  Abstract ( 958 )   PDF (1333KB) ( 1258 )   At present, many new miRNAs in Schistosoma japonicum are discovered by high\|throughout sequencing technology such as Solexa. To investigate the expression level of these miRNAs in different life stages of Schistosoma japonicum, real-time PCR was used to relatively quantify the dominantly expressed miRNAs in egg, cercarium, schistosomulum, male and female adult by combination of SYBR Green PCR and Race kit. It was found that these miRNAs were highly expressed at stages other than the egg and with different expression pattern in other stages, which were further confirmed by Northern blot. In summary, the results suggested that miNRAs might play an important role in regulation of genes transcription in different developing stages of Schistosoma japonicum． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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Comparison of photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of two species of Saururaceae CHEN Cui-qin;LU Hong-fei;*;HUANG Si-di;JIANG Bo;SHEN Zong-gen 2011, 23(4):  0-730.  Abstract ( 736 )   PDF (1420KB) ( 1467 )   Photosynthetic characteristics of Saururus chinensis and Houttuynia cordata, two Chinese traditional medicines of Saururaceae, were studied to determine their favorable cultivation conditions. Photosynthetic activity of them were assessed via measuring light response curves, CO2 response curves, diurnal changes of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll (Chl) content. The results showed that S. chinensis and H. cordata were both shade-tolerant species, their light compensation points (LCP) were 2.93 and 1.63 μmol·m-2·s-1 respectively. Compared with H.cordata, S. chinensis had higher LCP and light saturation point (LSP) and lower CO2 compensation point (CCP) and CO2 saturation point (CSP). Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of these two species presented two\|peak curves. S. chinensis also showed higher chlorophyll content and higher values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in high light intensity than H. cordata. Compared with H. cordata, S. chinensis was obviously higher in photosynthetic capacity, and showed a well acclimation in habitat of high light intensity. Therefore, its necessary to choose a much shadier habitat for H. cordata when planted． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of CO2 enrichment by fermentation of agricultural organic wastes on cucumber growth and quality in greenhouse ZHANG Wen-biao;ZHANG Shuo;TU Wei-jie;ZHANG Pei-jie 2011, 23(4):  0-740.  Abstract ( 1111 )   PDF (1287KB) ( 1363 )   A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of CO2 enrichment by fermentation of organic wastes (rice straw and organic fertilizer) on the growth, yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse. The results showed that CO2 enrichment by fermentation could increase average CO2 concentration 2.6 times and raise daily average temperature 1℃, meanwhile, cucumber growth, yield and quality also significantly increased, resulting in 25.13% productivity raised and 8 days ahead of marketing time. Furthermore, the morbidity of angular leaf spot of cucumber and leaf disease index decreased by 12% and 23%, respectively． Related Articles | Metrics

植物保护

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Vertical distribution law of Bemisia tabaci B-biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults on Euphorbia pulcherrima (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) HUANG Jun;ZHANG Juan;LI Ming-jiang;SHEN Fu-quan;CHEN Chang-li 2011, 23(4):  0-753.  Abstract ( 705 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 1242 )   The vertical distribution law of Bemisia tabaci B-biotype adults on Euphorbia pulcherrima under temperatures of 18℃, 25℃ and 32℃ was studied in laboratory. The results showed that B. tabaci adults mainly clustered on the leaf back of E. pulcherrima, and the numbers of B. tabaci adult on the different leaf layers were significantly different, with the sequence of lower leaves>middle leaves>upper leaves. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between E. pulcherrima leaf-position and B. tabaci adult numbers, and B. tabaci adults mainly clustered between top third leaf and top twelfth leaf. With the increasing of temperature, the occurrence quantity of B. tabaci adult moved to under-part leaves gradually. Under the background of global warming, the results could provide reference basis for the monitor and control of B. tabaci on flowers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation of the cell wall defect mutants by T-DNA insertion in Botrytis cinerea LEI Na;ZHANG Wei-hong;ZHU Ting-heng;WANG Kun;CUI Zhi-feng* 2011, 23(4):  0-758.  Abstract ( 1134 )   PDF (1749KB) ( 1246 )   234 T-DNA insertion mutants of Botrytis cinerea were screened by using Calcofluor White, and three sensitive mutants(B-117, B-169, D-9)and one resistant mutant(B-62)were obtained. In the test with isotonic PDA plates containing 1.2 mol·L-1 sorbitol, the growth of D-9 was not affected or rescued, while the growth of wild type was suppressed. Also, the growth of wild type was suppressed by 0.6 mol·L-1 NaCl but D-9 was not affected. No obvious difference was found between wild type and D-9 in the SDS medium. The spores of D-9 appeared swollen, its hyphae were thicker, and the length increased without bending,which was obviously different from that of wild type in the spore germination assay. In the experiment of tomato infection, the virulence of D-9 mutant was significantly reduced, almost no infection phenomenon can be observed in the period of six days. These results indicated that D-9 mutant was probably related to cell wall defect and pathogenicity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of total DNA extraction methods from Rhizoctonia solani REN Yan-chun;ZHANG Zhen;MAO Xue-qin;QIU Hai-ping;JIANG Hua;CHAI Rong-yao;WANG Yan-li;*;SUN Guo-chang;* 2011, 23(4):  0-747.  Abstract ( 1176 )   PDF (1397KB) ( 1450 )   The DNA quantity and purity strongly limited the digestion efficiency of restrict endonuclease. In order to find an effective method of extracting high quality total DNA from R. solani, the methods, such as CTAB-extraction, SDS-extraction, improved CTAB-extraction, glusulase-extraction and protease K-extraction were compared. The purity and yield of the DNA were determined by ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The DNA quality was also evaluated with agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), PCR amplification, restrict endonuclease digestion and Southern blot. Results showed the protease K-extraction is most suitable for extracting genomic DNA from R. solani． Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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Toxicity and risk of herbicide cyhalofop-butyl on Rana limnocharis WU Chang-xing;ZHAO Xue-ping;WU Sheng-gan;CHENG Li-ping;WANG Yan-hua;ChANG Tao;YU Rui-xian;PING Li-feng* 2011, 23(4):  0-775.  Abstract ( 1172 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 1431 )   The relationship between lab acute toxicity and field toxicity of herbicide cyhalofop-butyl on Rana limnocharis tadpole have been studied. The difference between lab toxicity and field toxicity was explained by monitoring the degradation dynamics of cyhalofop\|butyl in field. The acute toxicity test showed that the 24 h-LC50 and 48 h-LC50 of cyhalofop-butyl on Rana limnocharis were 0.718 and 0.677 mg·L-1, respectively, and the toxicity level could be categorized as high toxic. The simulative field trail showed that the death rate of Rana limnocharis tadpole is 86.7% with the dose 1 500 g·hm-2 of cyhalofop-butyl 100EC. The cyhalofop-butyl degraded rapidly in field water .With the dose 1 500 g·hm-2,the water concentration of cyhalofop-butyl was 0.112 mg·L-1, much lower than the concentration of 42.9 mg·L-1 in theory two hours after administration. The results showed that cyhalofop-butyl had low risk to Rana limnocharis though it showed high acute toxicity to Rana limnocharis in lab． Related Articles | Metrics

植物保护

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Spatial variability of Plutella xylostella pupae in the critical growing stage of Brassica oleracea ZHANG Juan;HUANG Jun;SHI Zu-hua* 2011, 23(4):  0-762.  Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 1194 )   The spatial patterns of Plutella xylostella pupae in the critical growing stage of Brassica oleracea were analyzed by geostatistical methods, and the semivariogram curve models in the south\|north orientation were established. The results showed that the semivariogram curves of P. xylostella pupae were fitted with the spherical models at all three sampling dates(October 9, 17 and 31, 2010), and their spatial distribution showed aggregative pattern; the spatial ranges of pupae were 7.91m, 9.10m and 1.74m, respectively, and the spatial discontinuities were 0.5858, 0.3987 and 0.9970, respectively for the three sampling dates． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 0.0016% propionyl brassins AS on tea production LU Jian-fei;HUANG Xiao-hua;YIN Chen 2011, 23(4):  0-765.  Abstract ( 779 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 1332 )   In the optimal growth season for tea growth, twice applications of 0.0016% propionyl brassinolide AS significantly promote the growth of tea, with tea production increasing by 5.43%-20.52%. Within the selected concentration range, the production increased with the increasing concentration of applied AS. Through biochemical analysis, we found that 0.0016% propionyl brassinolide AS can affect the amino acid, polyphenols and the formation of water extract and reduce phenol ammonia ratio, thereby improving the quality and nutritional value of tea. Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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Degradation of two different formulations of Abamectin in paddy soil and paddy water LIU Jin-feng;WU Hui-ming;MA Xin-sheng;DING Wei;* 2011, 23(4):  0-770.  Abstract ( 1344 )   PDF (1143KB) ( 1331 )   The degradation dynamics of different formulations of Abamectin in paddy soil and paddy water were studied. When the additive concentration was in the extent of 0.001-1 mg·kg-1, the average recovery varied from 87.3% to 98.4% with the coefficient of variation of 4.3%－8.2%,which was accord with the relevant standard of pesticide residue test. Experimental data suggested that with the recommended dose, the half\|time of EC of Abamectin was 2.6－2.7 d in soil, 2.7－4.5 d in paddy water at three testing places, and ME was 11.2－13.1 d in soil, 3.6－7.4 d in paddy water at three testing places. The results showed that the half-time of EC of Abamectin was longer than the half-time of ME in the same testing condition. Related Articles | Metrics

食品科学

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Determination of dimethyl fumarate in three types of food by gas chromatography XU Li-hong;WANG Jian-qing;DING Bei-ru;WANG Wei;ZHANG YU 2011, 23(4):  0-811.  Abstract ( 1133 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 1332 )   Gas chromatography (GC) method was developed for the determination of dimethyl fumarate(DMF)in food including drinks, biscuits and pickles sample. The effects of different extraction solvent, different extraction means and different chromatographic conditions were investigated. Samples could be extracted from food sample by chloroform and ultrasonic, and then were isolated by DB-FFAP column, detected by FID. The standard curve of DMF showed good linearity in the concentration range of 10-600 μg·mL-1 (r=0.9999). The detection limit of DMF was 0.072 mg·kg-1. The average recoveries of imazalil from three matrices at high and low levels ranged from 87.8% to 105.2% with DMF, and the repeat nature with relative standard deviations(RSD) was 2.4%-4.5%. In conclusions, this method is sensitive, simple accurate for the control of DMF in food． Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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Interaction between chlorpyrifos and hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme system in fish BIAN Wen-jie;XU Yan;LI Shao-nan*;ZHU Guo-nian 2011, 23(4):  0-781.  Abstract ( 872 )   PDF (1453KB) ( 1320 )   Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to Danio rerio, Pseudorasbora parva, and Lepomis gibbosus, oxidative activation of chlorpyrifos catalyzed by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 system, and influence of chlorpyrifos to the P450 system were studied to evaluate the risk of chlorpyrifos on ecology system. 96 h LC50 of chlorpyrifos to the Danio rerio, the Pseudorasbora parva, and the Lepomis gibbosus was measured to be 1.94, 0.0273, 0.0681 mg·L-1, respectively. The Vmax/Km of chlorpyrifos oxidation catalyzed by P450 system was measured to be 1.67×104,5.00×104,2.00×104,respectively, indicating that the oxidative metabolism capacity of the P450 system was the highest in Pseudorasbora parva and the lowest in Danio rerio, which matched the results of acute toxicity tests. The influence of chlorpyrifos to the P450 system was not obvious． Related Articles | Metrics

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NaCl tolerance of different genotypes of southern type of Medicago sativa under tissue culture MA Jin;ZHENG Gang;CAI Jian-guo 2011, 23(4):  0-786.  Abstract ( 734 )   PDF (1126KB) ( 1258 )   Four genotypes of southern type Medicago sativa were used as experimental materials to investigate their NaCl tolerance by determing callus growth, germination rate, seedling height and radicle length under tissue culture condition. The results showed that NaCl tolerance was different among different genotypes of southern type Medicago sativa. The callus growth and germination rate were rarely affected under NaCl stress while radicle length was greatly affected under NaCl stress. When NaCl concentration was 120 mmol·L-1, the seedling growth of southern type of Medicago sativa was obviously affected. ‘Millennium’ and ‘Vitoria’ showed higher NaCl tolerance, but the NaCl tolerance of ‘Powerplant’ was the weakest. Difference in NaCl tolerance among different genotypes should be noticed when transferred southern type Medicago sativa plants were selected． Related Articles | Metrics

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The short-term effect of solar UVR on two microalgae GUO Ting-ting;GUAN Wan-chun* 2011, 23(4):  0-797.  Abstract ( 1072 )   PDF (1143KB) ( 1212 )   In order to study the effects of solar UV radiation (280-400 nm) on microalgae, the effective quantum yield of Chaetoceros debilis and Pavlova viridis,were examined under full spectrum solar radiation and that screened off UVR. It was found that solar UVR suppressed the effective quantum yield in both species, and the inhibited effective quantum yield recovered under UVR-free dim light. The UVR-induced damage and the following repair rate were similar for both of microalga. However, the recovery of effective quantum yield for C. debilis was faster than that for P. viridis, indicating a significant difference between the species in photochemical responses to solar UVR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Heavy metals pollution assessment of edible parts of crops grown around e-waste disassembling areas ZHOU Cui;YANG Xiang-tian;HE Xian-biao;AN Ling-yao;LIU Ling 2011, 23(4):  0-801.  Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (1086KB) ( 1563 )   A survey on the heavy metal contents in edible parts was conducted for crops grown around e-waste disassembling areas. The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations in the edible parts were 0.08-10.56 mg·kg-1 for Cr, 0.02-0.76 mg·kg-1 for Cd, and 0.05-1.51 mg·kg-1 for Pb. The assessment of single factor pollution indexes indicated that the Pb pollution was most severe, with the pollution rate being 56.52%, while pollution rate of Cr and Cd were 39.13% and 34.78%, respectively. Comprehensive pollution index indicated that 65.22% of the crops were polluted, with the medium and heavy pollution grade being 13.04% and 30.43%, respectively. The absorption and accumulation of heavy metals had interspecific and intraspecific differences. Among the crops, the levels of heavy metal pollution could be ranked in the order from low to high as follows: cereals< beans < potatoes Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of excessive zinc stress on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and enrichment characteristics of zinc in above-ground organs of rapeseed (Brassica napus) CAO Chun-xin;LIU Xin-hua;ZHOU Qin;JIANG Qiao-jun;YUAN Ming-an;JIANG Hai-dong;* 2011, 23(4):  0-791.  Abstract ( 784 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 1291 )   A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different zinc treatments on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake and enrichment characteristics of zinc in above-ground organs of rapeseed (B. napus cv. ‘Qinyou 9’). Comparing with the control, low zinc level in soil stimulated the rape growth to some extent, but had less effect on the plant biomass, photosynthetic rate yield and main mineral element contents. With the further increase of zinc level in soil, the plant biomass, photosynthetic rate, yield, main mineral element contents, height and main inflorescence length decreased gradually, while number of first branch was less affected. There were significant differences in the enrichment characteristics of zinc in above-ground organs of rapeseed, following an order of stem>seeds. Related Articles | Metrics

食品科学

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Preserved process optimization of the lead-free preserved chicken eggs HUANG Qiong;DING Ling;LU Feng 2011, 23(4):  0-817.  Abstract ( 1205 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 1535 )   Effects of concentrations of ion metal, NaOH and NaCl, and preserving temperature on quality of preserved eggs were explored and determined by the single factor experiments with chicken eggs as the raw material using paper method technology. Moreover, the preserving process of the preserved chicken eggs was optimized through the orthogonal test, which showed as follows: the preserving temperature was 20-25 ℃,the content of NaOH was 5.5%, the content of NaCl was 4.5% and the contents of ion metal was 0.1% Zn2++0.1% Cu2++0.1% Fe2+． Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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Environmental guality evaluation on green fruit production bases of the sand pear in Liuyang City, Hunan Province LIAO Ting;YUAN De-yi;*;YUAN Jun;ZOU Feng;HU Qi-qing;HU Hou-lin 2011, 23(4):  0-806.  Abstract ( 761 )   PDF (1207KB) ( 1385 )   The results of environmental monitoring and evaluation of soil, irrigation water and air in the pear production bases of Daweishan Town and Zhonghe Town in Liuyang City, Hunan Province showed that the 7 indexes of soil quality, 9 indexes of irrigation water quality, 4 indexes of air quality, and 27 indexes of fruit quality reached the standards set by the government regulation policy for production of “green pear”. The environmental conditions of the production bases completely fulfill the requirements for production of green fruit pears. However, cadmium, arsenic and volatile phenol may become the main pollutants in soil, irrigating water, and air in the pear production bases in the following years. Based on the current situation of the pear production bases, we propose to decrease cadmium and arsenic in the soils as well as suspending particles in the air by planting grasses, increasing vegetative coverage, and forbidding the use of arsenic preparation． Related Articles | Metrics

生物系统工程

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The color image segmentation of wheat based on K-means clustering and mathematical morphology HE Jian-bin;LIANG Wei;LI -ming 2011, 23(4):  0-832.  Abstract ( 1046 )   PDF (1454KB) ( 1538 )   Wheat image segmentation is the basic work of applying computer vision technology to dynamic monitoring wheat growing. This paper proposed an algorithm combining K-means clustering and mathematical morphology which full use of the color differences between wheat plant and background in the image. Firstly, clustering image based on colors, and then mathematical morphology opening operation was used to eliminate noise. Experiment results showed that the algorithm was effective in segmenting wheat color images． Related Articles | Metrics

农业经济

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Studies of multi-objective linear programming model on Chinese agricultural structure adjustment NIU Kai 2011, 23(4):  0-846.  Abstract ( 1246 )   PDF (1110KB) ( 1835 )   The optimization and adjustment of agricultural structure involve a variety of complex factors. In order to effectively improve the agro-ecological environment, optimize the agricultural structure and promote the social, economic, ecological balance and harmonious development, the author adopted multi-objective linear programming to optimize crop planting structure, improve agricultural water balance and land use structure and improve the agricultural system of economic and ecological benefits for the adjustment objectives, the establishment of agricultural structural adjustment of multi-objective linear programming model. The results of the model showed that the optimal solution was reasonable and realistic, which also showed great importance to improve the agricultural ecological environment, enhance social, economic and ecological benefits． Related Articles | Metrics

食品科学

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The spatiotemporal distribution and medical values of intertidal benthic macro-algae in southern Zhejiang PENG Xin;HUANG Xiao-lin;NAN Hai-han;CHEN Shao-bo;*;QIU Jian-biao;YU Hai-bin; 2011, 23(4):  0-824.  Abstract ( 639 )   PDF (1339KB) ( 1240 )   Through investigation of intertidal benthic macro\|algae in ten sections of southern Zhejiang from autumn of 2006 to spring of 2007, we have collected 61 species of benthic macro\|algae and analyzed the flora characteristic of the spatiotemporal distribution of the benthic algae. The seasonal succession in species composition of benthic algae was very obvious in the inter\|tide of southern Zhejiang. According to published results, among the 61 species of benthic macro-algae investigated in southern Zhejiang, 51 species have medical values. The algae showed medical effects against diseases such as tumor, virus, cardiovascular disease, edema, hypertension, fever and poisoning and some could act as insecticides. The purpose of this study is to provide scientific basis for the protection, the sustainable development and utilization of macro-algae． Related Articles | Metrics

生物系统工程

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Qualitative discrimination of bean oil by near-infrared transmission spectra and artificial neural network ZHAO Xiao-yu;GUAN Yong;SHANG Ting-yi;CAI Li-jing;FANG Yi-ming 2011, 23(4):  0-828.  Abstract ( 796 )   PDF (1228KB) ( 1409 )   A new method was developed to discriminate the quality of bean oil based on near-infrared transmission spectra and BP neural network. The near-infrared transmission spectra of qualified oil and unqualified oil (refined waste oil, fried oil and degenerative oil) were obtained from 10 000 to 3 500 cm-1. Spectral data were preprocessed by Savitky-Golay and baseline correction. Nine principal components (Cumulative contribution rate is 99.502%) extracted by SPSS 11.0 acted as input nerve cell of neural network, and the BP neural network model was build. The model could discriminate qualified oil from unqualified oil, even unqualified kind. Calculation results showed that the distinguishing rate was 100%． Related Articles | Metrics

农业经济

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Changes in the spatial distribution of county economy in Zhejiang in recent three decades WANG Li-juan;HU Bao;*;LIU Yu;LI Yu-rui;CAO Jun;TANG Xiao-lu 2011, 23(4):  0-839.  Abstract ( 1040 )   PDF (1848KB) ( 1605 )   On the basis of county GDP data of 7 time sections, dynamic characteristics of spatial evolution of county economy in Zhejiang in recent three decades were systematically analyzed by measuring some indexes and the GDP gravity centers with the aid of GIS technology. The results showed that the differences in Zhejiangs county economy have experienced a process that enlarged at first and then narrowed in recent three decades, and at present the differences which mainly from north and south are comparatively large; The uneven development characterized by the fast growth of three blocks (i.e. the areas along the expressways of Hangzhou-Jinhua and Jinhua-Lishui, Hangzhou Bay Rim and the coastal areas of Wenzhou and Taizhou) has enlarged the county economy differences of the province, and now three areas including northem Zhejiang area headed by Hangzhou and Ningbo, Jinhua area headed by Yiwu, Wenzhou and Taizhou coastal areas have become advantage areas in county economy development in Zhejiang. In view of the variation of influencing factors of county economic pattern, some suggestions for promoting the striding development of less developed counties and overall coordination of county economy in Zhejiang were proposed． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the mathematical methods on estimation of agriculture natural (catastrophe) risk LIU Xiao-kang;GU Hong-bo 2011, 23(4):  0-850.  Abstract ( 653 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 1286 )   The measurement of agriculture natural risk has an important theoretical and practical significance for the development of agriculture insurance and the prevention and mitigation of disasters. However, the selection of the method for estimating the risk in the risk assessment is also a basic problem. This paper focus on theoretical analysis of mathematical methods relating to the estimation of agriculture natural (catastrophe) risk, including the “mean-standard deviation” measurement of agriculture losses due to disaster, the fitting method for the distribution of agriculture losses due to disaster and the catastrophe risk measurement model based on the extreme value theory, in a hope of providing scientific basis for the quantitative research on agricultural nature (catastrophic) risk and its insurance pricing． Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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Review on new methods of observation and recognition in situ for crop roots LI Ke-xin;SONG Wen-long*;ZHU Liang-kuan 2011, 23(4):  0-856.  Abstract ( 730 )   PDF (1293KB) ( 1471 )   Plant roots is the vital organs which can obtain nutrients and water from the soil and support the plants body, as complexity morphology and soil opaque properties of root hinders the observation of root system, and the lack of roots observation method in situ has become the technological bottlenecks for in-depth study of roots. This paper reviewed from the two aspects of root observations and recognition algorithms. On the root observations techniques, minirhizotron method (non-destructive two-dimensional root observation) and X-ray computed tomography (XCT), three-dimensional root system architecture observation methods in situ were reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages were showed. On the root recognition algorithms, 2D root morphologic and 3D architecture recognition algorithms was analyzed, the applicability and limitation were pointed out. Finally, on the basis of in-depth analysis for the two observation and recognition technologies, it can concluded that the root observation techniques in situ with XCT in the natural soil media is the future development trends of root three-dimensional architectures quantification analysis. Related Articles | Metrics