Research progress on the structure and assembly of plant supramolecular cellulose synthase complexes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231227

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2402-2415.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231227

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Research progress on the structure and assembly of plant supramolecular cellulose synthase complexes

REN Shitan¹^,²(), ZHENG Lin², JIANG Tingbo¹, ZHOU Boru¹^,^*(), WANG Hongzhi²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2. Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China).

Received:2023-10-31 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

Abstract

Abstract:

Cellulose is the main component of plant cell wall and the most abundant renewable resource in nature. Plant cellulose is composed of β-1,4-glucan chains, and its synthesis is catalyzed by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) located on the plasma membrane. In this paper, the latest research findings on the structure and assembly of plant CSC were analyzed from the perspectives of biochemistry, genetics and evolution, these included examining the protein structure characteristics and biological functions of cellulose synthase (CesA) subunits, the mechanism by which CesAs assembly into CSC rosettes core complex, and the relationship between CSC structure and cellulose properties. The roles of auxiliary proteins such as cytoskeleton and post-translational modification of proteins in the assembly of supramolecular CSC and the regulation of cellulose synthesis was further explored. This paper prospected the use of single base editing technology to mutate key amino acid sites in domains such as plant-conserved region (PCR), N-terminal domain (NTD) or transmembrane domain (TM). By regulating the stability and function of CSC, it is expected to cultivate new plants with increased biomass, enhanced stress resistance and suitable for specific industrial applications, which provides a novel strategy for genetic improvement of plant cellulose genetic engineering.

Key words: cellulose synthase (CesA), cellulose synthase complex (CSC), CSC structure, CSC assembly, cellulose

CLC Number:

REN Shitan, ZHENG Lin, JIANG Tingbo, ZHOU Boru, WANG Hongzhi. Research progress on the structure and assembly of plant supramolecular cellulose synthase complexes[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2402-2415.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1 Structure of cellulose synthase and model of rosette formation A, Cellulose synthase secondary structure diagram of PttCESA8. TM, Transmembrane domain; NTD, N-terminal domain, including RING domain and variable domain 1 (VR1); PCR, Plant conserved domain; CSR, Class specific domain; IF, Cytoplasmic helical structure. B, Three-dimensional structure diagram of PttCESA8 core monomer. C, PttCESA8 core homotrimer assembly diagram. D, Low-resolution three-dimensional structure diagram of full-length PttCESA8. Stalk is a petiole-mounted structure composed of NTD. E, Assembly diagram of cellulose synthase 18 polymers. F, Schematic diagram of the rosette structure. CSC’s rosette structure has six petals, each of which is composed of a CesA homotrimer.

Fig.2 Alignment of CesA protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Populus The CesAs protein sequences of Arabidopsis, rice and poplar were obtained from https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov/, and the sequence alignment was performed by MEGA6 and GeneDoc software. According to the structural characteristics of poplar PtCESA8, functionally important regions of 10 CesAs and related mutation sites were marked: RING domain is marked in navy blue; Variable region is marked in green; plant conserved domain (PCR) is marked in blue; class-specific domain (CSR) is marked in pink; transmembrane domain (TM) is marked in gray; small red box marks the mutation site; red arrow marks the premature termination position of mutant protein translation; blue and black straight lines indicate β-stands and α-helices of CesAs, respectively; blue boxes mark the conserved D, D, D, QxxRW motifs; red and black circles indicate residues implicated in CesAs trimerization and cellulose coordination, respectively.

Fig.3 Model of supramolecular cellulose synthase complex CC, Companion of cellulose synthase; PM, Plasma membrane; MT, Microtubule; CesA, Cellulose synthase; CSI, POM-POM2/cellulose synthase interacting 1.

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Research progress on the structure and assembly of plant supramolecular cellulose synthase complexes

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