Abstract:

Drought, flooding, salinity, high temperature and other abiotic stresses are important environmental factors that affect plant growth and development. As the first organ to perceive adversity under stress, roots play an important role in responding to stress damage. At present, most of the research on plant response to abiotic stress focuses on aboveground organs such as leaves, and the research on root resistance is not deep. Based on this, this paper systematically summarized the response of plant roots to environmental stresses such as drought, flooding, salinity and alkalinity from two perspectives: physiology and molecular biology. The main contents include osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense system, endogenous hormones and other physiological changes, as well as selective expression of related stress-resistant genes. It elucidated that on one hand, roots could produce a series of oxidative regulation through signal perception to reduce the physiological damage caused by stress, on the other hand, they could promote the selective expression of downstream genes to produce corresponding metabolites to alleviate stress. In order to enrich the resources of plant root resistance and select resistant varieties, future research can focus on plants with ornamental value and ecological benefits, and strengthen the study of plant root response under compound stress and temperature stress. Genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and other methods can be used to further explore the molecular response of plant roots under environmental stress.

Key words: abiotic stress, root system, physiological response, molecular mechanism