Comprehensive evaluation system for heat tolerance of seedling-edible Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp.) based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240151

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 288-299.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240151

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comprehensive evaluation system for heat tolerance of seedling-edible Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp.) based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

TAN Jingru¹^,²(), HU Qizan², YUE Zhichen², TAO Peng², LEI Juanli², LI Biyuan², ZHAO Yanting²^,^*(), ZANG Yunxiang¹^,^*()

1. College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2024-02-22 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: ZHAO Yanting,ZANG Yunxiang

Abstract

Abstract:

The heat tolerance evaluation equations for Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp.) based on antioxidant enzyme activities and physiological indicators such as contents of soluble sugars, malondialdehyde, proline, etc. are complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive, thus a simple and rapid comprehensive evaluation method need to be established. In the present study, 33 Chinese cabbage germplasm resources were used as materials, treated at 40 ℃ for 20 h, and 11 indexes such as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters [optimal/maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m), minimal fluorescence (F_o), maximal fluorescence (F_m), PSII efficiency coefficient (F_q'/F_m'), electron transport rate(ETR), light-adapted maximum fluorescence (Fm'), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), chlorophyll index (Chlidx), total chlorophyll content (Chl)] as well as fresh weight (FW) and relative electrical conductivity (REC) were measured after the high-temperature treatment. The principal component analysis and the membership function analysis were used to evaluate the heat tolerance of the tested Chinese cabbage species. The results obtained by the two comprehensive evaluation methods were consistent, and were consistent with the results of heat tolerance phenotype of Chinese cabbage under high temperature. Finally, the regression equation D₄=0.464V_ETR+0.226V_Chlidx+0.262V_Chl+0.191V_NPQ+0.192F_m'+0.127m_FW for the comprehensive evaluation of heat tolerance of Chinese cabbage based on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was established through the stepwise regression analysis. Through the above research, a comprehensive evaluation system for heat tolerance of Chinese cabbage that is simple, fast and convenient for measurement has been established. The research results provide technical support for the subsequent screening of heat-tolerant germplasm, breeding of heat-tolerant germplasm and exploration of heat tolerance mechanisms of Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Brassica rapa L. ssp., high temperature, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, heat tolerance

CLC Number:

S634.1

TAN Jingru, HU Qizan, YUE Zhichen, TAO Peng, LEI Juanli, LI Biyuan, ZHAO Yanting, ZANG Yunxiang. Comprehensive evaluation system for heat tolerance of seedling-edible Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp.) based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 288-299.

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

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编号 No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Source	耐热性 Heat tolerance	序号 No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Source	耐热性 Heat tolerance
Br1	PB	北京 Beijing	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br18	美琪黄心 Meiqihuangxin	北京 Beijing	热敏 Heat sensitive
Br2	韩 Han	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br19	韩春娃 Hanchunwa	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br3	黄金大白菜 Huangjinda Chinese cabbage	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistance	Br20	云南大白菜 Yunnan Chinese cabbage	河南 Henan	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br4	419	山西 Shanxi	耐热 Heat resistance	Br21	K888	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br5	449	山西 Shanxi	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br22	626	山西 Shanxi	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br6	803	山西 Shanxi	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br23	何658 He No.658	浙江 Zhejiang	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br7	金将军CR9号 Jinjiangjun No. CR9	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br24	何1 He No.1	河南 Henan	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br8	韩国CRCO号 Hanguo No. CRCO	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br25	胜根cR7号-2 Shenggen No. cR7-2	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br9	胜根cR7号-1 Shenggen No. cR7-1	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br26	CR3号 No. CR3	山东 Shandong	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br10	北京爽绿 Beijingshuanglyu	北京 Beijing	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br27	天津绿绣 Tianjinlyuxiu	天津 Tianjin	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br11	2019河南白 2019 Henanbai	河南 Henan	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br28	红心娃娃 Hongxinwawa	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br12	何新 Hexin	浙江 Zhejiang	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br29	凤城大花心 Fengchengdahuaxin	辽宁 Liaoning	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br13	改良白菜 Gailiang Chinese cabbage	甘肃 Gansu	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br30	新河中纹 Xinhezhongwen	天津 Tianjin	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br14	北园热白菜 Beiyuanre Chinese cabbage	山东 Shandong	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br31	拜城小包心 Baichengxiaobaoxin	新疆 Xinjiang	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br15	包心白 Baoxinbai	湖北 Hubei	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br32	Caul No. 3	朝鲜 DPRK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br16	早熟8号 Zaoshu No. 8	浙江 Zhejiang	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br33	5-9-2	北京 Beijing	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br17	早熟8号亲本 Zaoshuqinben No. 8	浙江 Zhejiang	耐热 Heat-resistant

编号 No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Source	耐热性 Heat tolerance	序号 No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Source	耐热性 Heat tolerance
Br1	PB	北京 Beijing	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br18	美琪黄心 Meiqihuangxin	北京 Beijing	热敏 Heat sensitive
Br2	韩 Han	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br19	韩春娃 Hanchunwa	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br3	黄金大白菜 Huangjinda Chinese cabbage	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistance	Br20	云南大白菜 Yunnan Chinese cabbage	河南 Henan	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br4	419	山西 Shanxi	耐热 Heat resistance	Br21	K888	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br5	449	山西 Shanxi	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br22	626	山西 Shanxi	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br6	803	山西 Shanxi	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br23	何658 He No.658	浙江 Zhejiang	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br7	金将军CR9号 Jinjiangjun No. CR9	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br24	何1 He No.1	河南 Henan	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br8	韩国CRCO号 Hanguo No. CRCO	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br25	胜根cR7号-2 Shenggen No. cR7-2	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br9	胜根cR7号-1 Shenggen No. cR7-1	韩国 ROK	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br26	CR3号 No. CR3	山东 Shandong	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br10	北京爽绿 Beijingshuanglyu	北京 Beijing	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br27	天津绿绣 Tianjinlyuxiu	天津 Tianjin	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br11	2019河南白 2019 Henanbai	河南 Henan	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br28	红心娃娃 Hongxinwawa	韩国 ROK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br12	何新 Hexin	浙江 Zhejiang	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br29	凤城大花心 Fengchengdahuaxin	辽宁 Liaoning	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br13	改良白菜 Gailiang Chinese cabbage	甘肃 Gansu	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br30	新河中纹 Xinhezhongwen	天津 Tianjin	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br14	北园热白菜 Beiyuanre Chinese cabbage	山东 Shandong	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br31	拜城小包心 Baichengxiaobaoxin	新疆 Xinjiang	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br15	包心白 Baoxinbai	湖北 Hubei	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br32	Caul No. 3	朝鲜 DPRK	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br16	早熟8号 Zaoshu No. 8	浙江 Zhejiang	耐热 Heat-resistant	Br33	5-9-2	北京 Beijing	热敏 Heat-sensitive
Br17	早熟8号亲本 Zaoshuqinben No. 8	浙江 Zhejiang	耐热 Heat-resistant

编号No.	指标Indicator	编号No.	指标Indicator
X₁	FW	X₇	ETR
X₂	REC	X₈	F_m'
X₃	F_v/F_m	X₉	NPQ
X₄	F_o	X₁₀	Chlidx
X₅	F_m	X₁₁	Chl
X₆	F_q'/F_m'

编号No.	指标Indicator	编号No.	指标Indicator
X₁	FW	X₇	ETR
X₂	REC	X₈	F_m'
X₃	F_v/F_m	X₉	NPQ
X₄	F_o	X₁₀	Chlidx
X₅	F_m	X₁₁	Chl
X₆	F_q'/F_m'

编号No.	FW	REC	F_v/F_m	F_o	F_m	F_q'/F_m'	ETR	F_m'	NPQ	Chlidx	Chl
Br 1	1.250	1.712	0.983	0.941	0.904	0.982	0.905	0.851	2.226	1.174	0.927
Br 2	0.923	2.082	0.986	1.009	0.961	1.029	0.999	0.975	0.906	1.062	0.978
Br 3	0.887	1.400	0.965	0.972	0.885	0.928	0.924	0.841	2.265	0.953	0.936
Br 4	0.862	0.891	0.959	0.993	0.911	0.956	0.947	0.863	1.542	1.050	0.957
Br 5	0.812	1.595	0.865	1.178	0.886	0.733	0.822	0.919	0.815	1.247	0.997
Br 6	0.833	1.709	0.963	1.010	0.920	0.881	0.951	0.859	1.557	0.986	0.955
Br 7	0.952	1.413	0.901	1.169	0.920	0.863	0.958	0.954	0.897	0.773	0.973
Br 8	0.604	2.463	0.890	1.107	0.920	0.718	0.781	0.915	1.256	1.045	0.995
Br 9	0.679	1.272	0.981	1.110	1.028	1.087	1.189	1.051	0.940	0.736	0.989
Br 10	0.776	2.776	0.849	0.957	0.712	0.606	0.635	0.692	1.684	1.120	0.919
Br 11	0.670	2.127	0.909	0.957	0.738	0.866	0.788	0.756	1.032	1.043	0.907
Br 12	0.897	2.692	0.924	0.999	0.868	0.821	0.865	0.885	0.845	0.675	0.987
Br 13	0.766	1.732	0.918	1.297	1.065	0.755	0.904	0.999	1.448	0.945	1.007
Br 14	1.182	1.340	1.122	0.778	0.989	1.222	1.197	0.924	1.363	0.953	0.942
Br 15	1.177	1.445	0.981	1.030	0.959	0.920	0.868	0.892	1.185	1.212	0.984
Br 16	0.885	1.776	0.913	1.002	0.818	0.835	0.878	0.835	1.079	0.980	0.976
Br 17	1.000	1.810	0.963	1.077	0.974	0.908	0.992	0.950	1.206	0.898	0.955
Br 18	0.754	2.767	0.581	1.327	0.691	0.360	0.394	0.755	0.766	1.042	0.980
Br 19	0.593	2.525	0.584	1.189	0.605	0.364	0.411	0.636	0.571	1.095	0.981
Br 20	0.558	5.470	0.558	1.339	0.631	0.415	0.429	0.685	1.104	1.058	0.918
Br 21	0.435	5.022	0.107	1.077	0.271	0.268	0.238	0.472	1.592	0.996	0.724
Br 22	1.105	2.456	0.749	1.098	0.758	0.633	0.614	0.640	0.605	0.813	0.964
Br 23	0.560	2.490	0.871	0.968	0.758	0.725	0.839	0.769	1.206	0.924	0.949
Br 24	0.924	4.138	0.437	1.269	0.524	0.377	0.372	0.646	0.480	1.159	0.930
Br 25	0.841	2.701	0.551	1.000	0.532	0.403	0.441	0.610	0.894	0.983	0.895
Br 26	1.116	4.310	0.733	1.210	0.738	0.494	0.570	0.001	0.994	1.117	0.970
Br 27	0.357	5.647	0.251	1.271	0.393	0.121	0.113	0.435	0.716	1.088	0.793
Br 28	0.659	4.780	0.711	1.044	0.666	0.667	0.645	0.719	0.914	1.051	0.884
Br 29	0.571	3.537	0.696	0.947	0.516	0.517	0.671	0.581	0.806	0.387	0.905
Br 30	0.427	2.450	0.582	1.062	0.529	0.413	0.585	0.681	0.773	0.413	0.864
Br 31	0.587	6.961	0.468	1.429	0.610	0.291	0.339	0.652	1.187	0.974	0.974
Br 32	0.550	3.179	0.121	1.017	0.283	0.082	0.069	0.380	0.566	0.969	0.721
Br 33	0.658	4.047	0.722	1.370	0.754	0.546	0.600	0.777	0.881	1.109	0.946
平均值Average value	0.783	2.810	0.751	1.097	0.749	0.660	0.695	0.745	1.100	0.971	0.933
标准差Standard deviation	0.230	1.480	0.258	0.150	0.210	0.288	0.290	0.212	0.429	0.195	0.070
变异系数	29.42	52.66	34.33	13.67	28.01	43.69	41.70	28.50	39.04	20.08	7.51
Variation coefficient

Comprehensive evaluation system for heat tolerance of seedling-edible Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp.) based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

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指标Index	FW	REC	F_v/F_m	F_o	F_m	F_q'/F_m'	ETR	F_m'	NPQ	Chlidx
REC	-0.512^**
F_v/F_m	0.621^**	-0.731^**
F_o	-0.321	0.571^**	-0.432^*
F_m	0.617^**	-0.687^**	0.937^**	-0.193
F_q'/F_m'	0.625^**	-0.745^**	0.939^**	-0.539^**	0.892^**
ETR	0.553^**	-0.758^**	0.951^**	-0.485^**	0.911^**	0.976^**
F_m'	0.249	-0.627^**	0.699^**	-0.196	0.755^**	0.739^**	0.752^**
NPQ	0.275	-0.265	0.406^*	-0.355^*	0.375^*	0.457^**	0.408^*	0.271
Chlidx	0.247	0.092	-0.016	0.220	0.088	-0.015	-0.143	-0.059	0.196
Chl	0.497^**	-0.428^*	0.753^**	0.137	0.808^**	0.579^**	0.637^**	0.552^**	0.055	0.077

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	F₁		F₂		F₃		F₄
FW		0.668		0.153		0.359		-0.534
REC		-0.812		0.246		0.062		0.164
F_v/F_m		0.972		0.046		-0.041		-0.014
F_o		-0.467		0.790		-0.203		0.209
F_m		0.945		0.262		-0.054		0.066
F_q'/F_m'		0.968		-0.101		0.033		0.023
ETR		0.967		-0.094		-0.116		0.054
F_m'		0.772		0.078		-0.265		0.374
NPQ		0.451		-0.227		0.604		0.514
Chlidx		0.000		0.547		0.738		0.001
Chl		0.702		0.576		-0.257		-0.080
特征值Eigenvalue		6.327		1.487		1.239		0.775
贡献率		57.514		13.521		11.265		7.044
Contribution rate/%
累计贡献率		57.514		71.035		82.301		89.344
Cumulative contribution/%

种质名称 Germplasm name	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Ranking	种质名称 Germplasm name	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Ranking
美琪黄心Meiqihuangxin	-0.65	22	CR3号NO.CR3	-0.66	23
PB	1.92	2	天津绿绣Tianjinlyuxiu	-2.99	32
韩春娃Hanchunwa	-0.96	24	北京爽绿Beijingshuanglyu	0.24	17
韩Han	1.43	7	红心娃娃Hongxinwawa	-0.61	21
K888	-2.77	31	2019河南白Henanbai 2019	0.31	16
黄金大白菜Huangjinda Chinese cabbage	1.5	4	何新Hexin	0.59	15
419	1.43	6	改良白菜Gailiang Chinese cabbage	1.34	8
449	0.93	12	凤城大花心Fengchengdahuaxin	-1.39	28
626	-0.13	19	北园热白菜Beiyuanre Chinese cabbage	2.12	1
803	1.24	10	新河中纹Xinhezhongwen	-1.65	30
何658 He No.658	0.23	18	拜城小包心Baichengxiaobaoxin	-1.44	29
何1 He No.1	-1.25	27	包心白Baoxinbai	1.65	3
云南大白菜Yunnan Chinese cabbage	-1.15	26	Caul No.3	-3.27	33
金将军CR9号Jinjiangjun No.CR9	0.98	11	5-9-2	-0.35	20
韩国CRCO号Hanguo No. CRCO	0.76	14	早熟8号Zaoshu No. 8	0.86	13
胜根cR7号-1 Shenggen No. cR7-1	1.45	5	早熟8号亲本Zaoshuqinben No. 8	1.32	9
胜根cR7号-2 Shenggen No. cR7-2	-1.03	25

种质 Germplasm	综合指标值Comprehensive value				隶属函数值Membership function value				D值 D-value	排名 Ranking
种质 Germplasm	CI(1)’	CI(2)’	CI(3)’	CI(4)’	μ(1)	μ(2)	μ(3)	μ(4)	D值 D-value	排名 Ranking
Br 1	1.154	-0.453	2.430	0.288	0.885	0.397	1.000	0.703	0.811	1
Br 2	0.989	0.271	-0.197	-0.344	0.840	0.596	0.426	0.546	0.728	7
Br 3	0.972	-0.933	1.276	1.399	0.836	0.265	0.748	0.980	0.750	5
Br 4	0.962	-0.356	0.587	0.360	0.833	0.424	0.598	0.721	0.733	6
Br 5	0.504	1.269	-0.014	-0.167	0.710	0.869	0.466	0.590	0.694	11
Br 6	0.837	-0.330	0.381	0.608	0.800	0.431	0.552	0.783	0.711	10
Br 7	0.770	0.204	-1.198	-0.331	0.782	0.577	0.208	0.549	0.660	13
Br 8	0.445	0.515	-0.274	1.126	0.694	0.663	0.409	0.912	0.670	12
Br 9	1.140	-0.118	-1.778	0.738	0.881	0.489	0.081	0.815	0.715	8
Br 10	0.084	-0.512	1.366	0.525	0.597	0.381	0.768	0.762	0.599	15
Br 11	0.275	-0.661	0.168	-0.026	0.648	0.340	0.506	0.625	0.582	17
Br 12	0.597	-0.397	-1.335	-0.598	0.735	0.412	0.178	0.483	0.596	16
Br 13	0.793	1.099	-0.581	1.439	0.788	0.823	0.342	0.990	0.752	4
Br 14	1.583	-1.143	0.630	-0.928	1.000	0.208	0.607	0.401	0.784	2
Br 15	1.027	0.636	0.952	-0.965	0.850	0.696	0.677	0.392	0.769	3
Br 16	0.634	-0.124	-0.095	-0.437	0.745	0.487	0.449	0.523	0.651	14
Br 17	0.941	0.004	-0.260	-0.057	0.827	0.522	0.413	0.618	0.712	9
Br 18	-0.559	1.381	-0.496	-0.183	0.424	0.900	0.361	0.586	0.501	21
Br 19	-0.691	0.862	-0.486	-0.589	0.388	0.757	0.363	0.485	0.449	25
Br 20	-0.980	1.114	0.031	1.258	0.311	0.827	0.476	0.945	0.459	24
Br 21	-1.922	-1.616	1.481	1.469	0.058	0.078	0.793	0.997	0.227	31
Br 22	0.032	0.164	-0.616	-2.081	0.583	0.566	0.335	0.114	0.512	20
Br 23	0.234	-0.648	-0.303	0.619	0.637	0.344	0.403	0.786	0.575	18
Br 24	-0.968	1.267	0.180	-1.275	0.314	0.869	0.509	0.315	0.422	27
Br 25	-0.633	-0.567	0.356	-1.095	0.404	0.366	0.547	0.359	0.413	28
Br 26	-0.593	1.107	1.344	-2.540	0.415	0.825	0.763	0.000	0.488	22
Br 27	-2.135	0.145	0.296	0.596	0.000	0.561	0.534	0.780	0.214	32
Br 28	-0.431	-0.147	0.213	0.241	0.458	0.481	0.516	0.692	0.487	23
Br 29	-0.561	-1.901	-1.898	-0.434	0.423	0.000	0.055	0.524	0.321	29
Br 30	-0.762	-1.780	-2.149	0.267	0.370	0.033	0.000	0.698	0.298	30
Br 31	-1.239	1.746	-0.241	1.480	0.241	1.000	0.417	1.000	0.438	26
Br 32	-2.078	-1.617	0.517	-1.093	0.015	0.078	0.582	0.360	0.124	33
Br 33	-0.421	1.518	-0.287	0.728	0.461	0.937	0.407	0.813	0.554	19
权重Weight					0.644	0.151	0.126	0.079
特征值Eigenvalue					6.327	1.487	1.239	0.775
贡献率Contribution rate/%					57.514	13.521	11.265	7.044
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution/%					57.514	71.035	82.301	89.344

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