Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240870

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1595-1604.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240870

Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics

ZHAO Hongyu¹^,²(), ZHOU Yujie³, LI Jianzhong⁴, ZHENG Han¹^,², BI Ji’an⁵, YU Chulang⁶, ZHOU Yuhang²^,⁶, HOU Fan⁷, DAI Binfeng⁸, ZHONG Liequan⁸, YAN Chengqi⁵, ZHANG Haipeng¹, YANG Yong², CHEN Jianping⁶^,^*(), WANG Chengyu¹^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
4. Qujiang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Quzhou 323000, Zhejiang, China
5. Institute of Crop Research, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
6. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
7. Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seeds Shareholding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311200, China
8. Taizhou Agroecological Protection and Quality Safety Center, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-10-15 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-20

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, the continuous growth in the use of plastic products has led to an increasingly prominent problem of microplastic pollution. Due to their non-biodegradability, small particle size, wide distribution, and easy uptake by organisms, microplastics pose a serious threat to the natural environment. Among them, the pollution risk of microplastics to terrestrial ecosystems, especially agricultural ecosystems, is receiving increasing attention. Higher plants, as an indispensable part of the ecosystem, play a key role in maintaining ecological balance. This review summarizes the definition, sources, and entry pathways of microplastics into plants, comprehensively discusses on the specific impacts of microplastics on the growth and development of higher plants, and explores the physiological responses of plants to microplastic stress and their regulatory effects on plant hormones. For example, the entry of microplastics into plants may lead to the down-regulation of the expression of the key gene CDC2 that controls mitosis, disrupting the plant growth cycle; at the same time, it affects the expression of key genes such as GDT1, GDH2 and GAD involved in the plant tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduces the rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, thereby affecting photosynthesis. The down-regulation of these gene expressions ultimately damages the essential nutrient metabolism processes of plants. In addition, this article also analyzes the mechanism by which microplastics affect plant hormones and the responses of the plant antioxidant system. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex effects of microplastics on plant biology. On this basis, future research directions are prospected, and the potential ecological risks of microplastic pollution are evaluated. By integrating the current understanding of the impact of microplastics on plant biology, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control and management of microplastic pollution, and contribute to the sustainable development of ecosystems. In summary, this review not only summarizes the current research on the effects of microplastics on the growth and development of higher plants but also proposes new research ideas, providing an important reference for addressing the challenges of microplastic pollution.

Key words: microplastic, plant, hormone, environmental pollution

CLC Number:

X173

ZHAO Hongyu, ZHOU Yujie, LI Jianzhong, ZHENG Han, BI Ji’an, YU Chulang, ZHOU Yuhang, HOU Fan, DAI Binfeng, ZHONG Liequan, YAN Chengqi, ZHANG Haipeng, YANG Yong, CHEN Jianping, WANG Chengyu. Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(7): 1595-1604.

Figures/Tables 2

References 61

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对植物的影响 The impact on plants	分子机制 Molecular mechanism	相关基因 Related gene	参考文献 Reference
抑制有丝分裂,影响根系生长 Inhibit mitosis and affect root growth	下调细胞周期调节因子(CDC2);延长细胞周期时间 Down-regulate the cell cycle regulatory factor (CDC2); prolong the cell cycle time	CDC2	[34]
抗氧化系统作出响应 The antioxidant system responds	抑制CAT基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of the CAT gene	CAT	[35-36]
抑制三羧酸循环循环 Inhibit the tricarboxylic acid cycle	抑制参与三羧酸循环的蛋白质编码基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of protein-coding genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle	GDT1、GDH2、 GAD	[39]
抑制光合作用 Inhibit photosynthesis	阻碍电子传递和NADPH的还原,并抑制ATP合成酶的活性 Hinder electron transfer and the reduction of NADPH, and inhibit the activity of ATP synthase		[48]

对植物的影响 The impact on plants	分子机制 Molecular mechanism	相关基因 Related gene	参考文献 Reference
抑制有丝分裂,影响根系生长 Inhibit mitosis and affect root growth	下调细胞周期调节因子(CDC2);延长细胞周期时间 Down-regulate the cell cycle regulatory factor (CDC2); prolong the cell cycle time	CDC2	[34]
抗氧化系统作出响应 The antioxidant system responds	抑制CAT基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of the CAT gene	CAT	[35-36]
抑制三羧酸循环循环 Inhibit the tricarboxylic acid cycle	抑制参与三羧酸循环的蛋白质编码基因的表达 Inhibit the expression of protein-coding genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle	GDT1、GDH2、 GAD	[39]
抑制光合作用 Inhibit photosynthesis	阻碍电子传递和NADPH的还原,并抑制ATP合成酶的活性 Hinder electron transfer and the reduction of NADPH, and inhibit the activity of ATP synthase		[48]

Current research status and future perspectives on the effects of microplastics on plants and the molecular biological mechanisms of plant hormones in resistance to microplastics

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