浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2525-2532.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221498
刘林雨(), 张扬, 刘威, 包强, 翁恺麒, 徐欣磊, 张钰, 徐琪, 陈国宏*(
)
收稿日期:
2022-10-25
出版日期:
2023-11-25
发布日期:
2023-12-04
作者简介:
刘林雨(1998—),女,江苏徐州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail:1832407326@qq.com
通讯作者:
* 陈国宏,E-mail:ghchen@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
LIU Linyu(), ZHANG Yang, LIU Wei, BAO Qiang, WENG Kaiqi, XU Xinlei, ZHANG Yu, XU Qi, CHEN Guohong*(
)
Received:
2022-10-25
Online:
2023-11-25
Published:
2023-12-04
摘要:
为探讨国内外典型鹅品种资源的遗传多样性与系统进化关系,本文利用Sanger测序,测定了5个大、中、小型鹅品种,共100个样本的线粒体DNA细胞色素b(mtDNA Cytb)基因部分序列,并使用MEGA、DNASP等软件进行分析。结果显示:在矫正后的mtDNA Cytb基因606 bp序列中发现了23个多态性位点,占总碱基数的3.79%,其中简约信息位点21个,占多态性位点的91.30%;5个品种共具有31个单倍型,其中共享单倍型2个。5个鹅品种按种间遗传距离的远近,大致可分成2大类族群,霍尔多巴吉鹅为一类,其他4个鹅品种为一类。狮头鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅、太湖鹅的核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性高;其Fu's Fs值和Tajima's D值均为正值且符合中性检验,同时碱基错配分布曲线呈多峰分布,表明群体趋于稳定。霍尔多巴吉鹅群体内未发现多态位点,且与上述4个鹅品种遗传距离较远,可作为父本或母本与上述4个大、中、小型鹅品种杂交,利用杂交优势培育专用品系或生产商品代霍杂鹅。
中图分类号:
刘林雨, 张扬, 刘威, 包强, 翁恺麒, 徐欣磊, 张钰, 徐琪, 陈国宏. 国内外5个典型鹅品种线粒体DNA遗传多样性与系统进化分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(11): 2525-2532.
LIU Linyu, ZHANG Yang, LIU Wei, BAO Qiang, WENG Kaiqi, XU Xinlei, ZHANG Yu, XU Qi, CHEN Guohong. Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA among 5 typical goose breeds at home and abroad[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2525-2532.
品种 Breed | 原产地 Origin | 主要体貌特征、优点及用途 Main physical features, advantages and uses | 1日龄重 1-day-old weight/g | 70日龄重 70-day-old weight/g |
---|---|---|---|---|
狮头鹅 Shitou goose | 中国广东饶平 Raoping,Guangdong, China | 五瘤腊样脚;体型大、生长快、耐粗饲、屠宰率高;肉用大型鹅 Five tumor wax-like feet; Large body size, fast growth, tolerance to roughage, and high slaughter rate; Large goose for meat use | 128.4±15.72 | 5 386.6±258.89 |
浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose | 中国浙江象山 Xiangshan, Zhejiang, China | 毛白、胫黄、爪白;生长快、肉质细嫩、屠宰率高;肉、肥肝兼用型中型鹅 Hair white, shin yellow, claw white; Fast growth, tender meat, and high slaughter rate; Medium-sized goose with meat and fat liver | 107.4±7.05 | 4 160.3±97.06 |
霍尔多巴吉鹅 Hortobagy goose | 匈牙利 Hungary | 毛白、胫粗、蹼大、无肉瘤;肉质鲜嫩、含绒量高;蛋、绒兼用中型鹅 White hair, thick tibia, large webbing, and no sarcoma; The meat is fresh and tender, with high velvet content; Medium-sized goose with both egg and velvet | 89.5±1.56 | 4 246.2±80.24 |
扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose | 中国江苏扬州 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China | 毛白、喙、胫、蹼橘黄;生长快、无就巢;蛋、肉兼用中型鹅 Hair white, beak, shins, webbed orange yellow; Fast growth, no nest; Medium-sized goose with both egg and meat | 111.3±10.62 | 4 131.7±167.83 |
太湖鹅 Taihu goose | 中国江苏苏州 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China | 繁殖力高、早熟性好、抗病力强、觅食力强;蛋、绒兼用小型鹅 High fertility, good early maturity, strong disease resistance, and strong foraging ability; Egg and velvet mixed small goose | 83.1±8.00 | 3 172.9±50.05 |
表1 试验样本信息
Table 1 Sample information
品种 Breed | 原产地 Origin | 主要体貌特征、优点及用途 Main physical features, advantages and uses | 1日龄重 1-day-old weight/g | 70日龄重 70-day-old weight/g |
---|---|---|---|---|
狮头鹅 Shitou goose | 中国广东饶平 Raoping,Guangdong, China | 五瘤腊样脚;体型大、生长快、耐粗饲、屠宰率高;肉用大型鹅 Five tumor wax-like feet; Large body size, fast growth, tolerance to roughage, and high slaughter rate; Large goose for meat use | 128.4±15.72 | 5 386.6±258.89 |
浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose | 中国浙江象山 Xiangshan, Zhejiang, China | 毛白、胫黄、爪白;生长快、肉质细嫩、屠宰率高;肉、肥肝兼用型中型鹅 Hair white, shin yellow, claw white; Fast growth, tender meat, and high slaughter rate; Medium-sized goose with meat and fat liver | 107.4±7.05 | 4 160.3±97.06 |
霍尔多巴吉鹅 Hortobagy goose | 匈牙利 Hungary | 毛白、胫粗、蹼大、无肉瘤;肉质鲜嫩、含绒量高;蛋、绒兼用中型鹅 White hair, thick tibia, large webbing, and no sarcoma; The meat is fresh and tender, with high velvet content; Medium-sized goose with both egg and velvet | 89.5±1.56 | 4 246.2±80.24 |
扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose | 中国江苏扬州 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China | 毛白、喙、胫、蹼橘黄;生长快、无就巢;蛋、肉兼用中型鹅 Hair white, beak, shins, webbed orange yellow; Fast growth, no nest; Medium-sized goose with both egg and meat | 111.3±10.62 | 4 131.7±167.83 |
太湖鹅 Taihu goose | 中国江苏苏州 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China | 繁殖力高、早熟性好、抗病力强、觅食力强;蛋、绒兼用小型鹅 High fertility, good early maturity, strong disease resistance, and strong foraging ability; Egg and velvet mixed small goose | 83.1±8.00 | 3 172.9±50.05 |
品种 Breed | 非简约性信息位点 Non minimalist informative site | 简约信息位点 Parsimony informative sites | 保守位点 Conserved site | GC含量 GC content/% | 单倍型数 Haplotype number | 单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity | 核酸多样性 Nucleic acid diversity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
狮头鹅Shitou goose | 4 | 8 | 594 | 48.5 | 9 | 0.926 | 0.007 09 |
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose | 2 | 11 | 593 | 48.5 | 8 | 0.884 | 0.008 34 |
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose | 0 | 0 | 606 | 48.3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose | 5 | 11 | 590 | 48.6 | 7 | 0.821 | 0.010 63 |
太湖鹅Taihu goose | 1 | 12 | 593 | 48.5 | 9 | 0.926 | 0.009 17 |
总计Total | 2 | 21 | 583 | 48.5 | 31 | 0.933 | 0.012 28 |
表2 五个鹅品种线粒体DNA Cytb基因位点信息、单倍型及核苷酸多样性
Table 2 Locus information, haplotype and nucleotide diversity of mitochondrial Cytb gene in five breeds of geese
品种 Breed | 非简约性信息位点 Non minimalist informative site | 简约信息位点 Parsimony informative sites | 保守位点 Conserved site | GC含量 GC content/% | 单倍型数 Haplotype number | 单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity | 核酸多样性 Nucleic acid diversity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
狮头鹅Shitou goose | 4 | 8 | 594 | 48.5 | 9 | 0.926 | 0.007 09 |
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose | 2 | 11 | 593 | 48.5 | 8 | 0.884 | 0.008 34 |
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose | 0 | 0 | 606 | 48.3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose | 5 | 11 | 590 | 48.6 | 7 | 0.821 | 0.010 63 |
太湖鹅Taihu goose | 1 | 12 | 593 | 48.5 | 9 | 0.926 | 0.009 17 |
总计Total | 2 | 21 | 583 | 48.5 | 31 | 0.933 | 0.012 28 |
品种 Breed | 特有单倍型数量 Number of unique haplotypes | 特有单倍型(包含个体数) Endemic haplotype (including individual number) | 共享单倍型(包含个体数) Shared haplotype (including number of individuals) | 特有单倍型频率 Unique haplotype frequency/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
狮头鹅Shitou goose | 8 | Hap 3、4、 5、6、7、 8、 9、10(18) | Hap 2(2) | 18 |
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose | 6 | Hap 26 、27、28、29、30、31(15) | Hap 2、18(5) | 15 |
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose | 1 | Hap 1(20) | — | 20 |
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose | 6 | Hap 20、21、22、23、24、25(12) | Hap18(8) | 12 |
太湖鹅Taihu goose | 8 | Hap 11、12、13、14、15、16、17、19(17) | Hap18(3) | 17 |
总计Total | 29 | —(82) | —(18) | 82 |
表3 五个鹅品种单倍型数量分布及特有单倍型频率
Table 3 Haplotype number distribution and unique haplotype frequency of geese of five breeds
品种 Breed | 特有单倍型数量 Number of unique haplotypes | 特有单倍型(包含个体数) Endemic haplotype (including individual number) | 共享单倍型(包含个体数) Shared haplotype (including number of individuals) | 特有单倍型频率 Unique haplotype frequency/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
狮头鹅Shitou goose | 8 | Hap 3、4、 5、6、7、 8、 9、10(18) | Hap 2(2) | 18 |
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose | 6 | Hap 26 、27、28、29、30、31(15) | Hap 2、18(5) | 15 |
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose | 1 | Hap 1(20) | — | 20 |
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose | 6 | Hap 20、21、22、23、24、25(12) | Hap18(8) | 12 |
太湖鹅Taihu goose | 8 | Hap 11、12、13、14、15、16、17、19(17) | Hap18(3) | 17 |
总计Total | 29 | —(82) | —(18) | 82 |
图1 五个鹅品种mtDNA Cytb基因遗传距离进化关系热图 大写字母H、S、Z、T、Y分别代表霍尔多巴吉鹅、狮头鹅、浙东白鹅、太湖鹅、扬州鹅。
Fig.1 Heat map of genetic distance evolution of five goose mtDNA Cytb genes The capital letters H, S, Z, T, Y represent Hortobagy goose, Shitou goose, Zhedong white goose, Taihu goose and Yangzhou goose respectively.
项目 Item | 狮头鹅 Shitou goose | 浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose | 扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose | 太湖鹅 Taihu goose |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fu's Fs | 0.276 99 | 0.976 27 | 0.526 67 | 1.372 30 |
P | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 |
Tajima's D | 0.310 39 | 0.730 81 | 0.936 54 | 1.258 94 |
P | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 |
表4 狮头鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅、太湖鹅种群历史动态分析
Table 4 Historical and dynamic analysis of Shitou goose, Zhedong white goose, Yangzhou goose and Taihu goose populations
项目 Item | 狮头鹅 Shitou goose | 浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose | 扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose | 太湖鹅 Taihu goose |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fu's Fs | 0.276 99 | 0.976 27 | 0.526 67 | 1.372 30 |
P | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 |
Tajima's D | 0.310 39 | 0.730 81 | 0.936 54 | 1.258 94 |
P | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 | >0.10 |
图2 狮头鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅、太湖鹅线粒体Cytb基因序列碱基差异错配分布图 Freq.Obs.代表实际值;Freq,Exq代表期待值。
Fig.2 Distribution of base differential mismatches of goose mitochondrial Cytb gene sequences Freq.Obs. represents the actual value; Freq, Exq represents the expected value.
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