国内外5个典型鹅品种线粒体DNA遗传多样性与系统进化分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221498

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2525-2532.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221498

国内外5个典型鹅品种线粒体DNA遗传多样性与系统进化分析

刘林雨(), 张扬, 刘威, 包强, 翁恺麒, 徐欣磊, 张钰, 徐琪, 陈国宏^*()

扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2022-10-25 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-04
作者简介:刘林雨(1998—),女,江苏徐州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail:1832407326@qq.com
通讯作者: * 陈国宏,E-mail:ghchen@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200300);江苏省重大新品种创制项目(JBGS〔2021〕023);江苏省科技厅重点及面上项目(BE2022350)

Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA among 5 typical goose breeds at home and abroad

LIU Linyu(), ZHANG Yang, LIU Wei, BAO Qiang, WENG Kaiqi, XU Xinlei, ZHANG Yu, XU Qi, CHEN Guohong^*()

College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2022-10-25 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨国内外典型鹅品种资源的遗传多样性与系统进化关系,本文利用Sanger测序,测定了5个大、中、小型鹅品种,共100个样本的线粒体DNA细胞色素b(mtDNA Cytb)基因部分序列,并使用MEGA、DNASP等软件进行分析。结果显示:在矫正后的mtDNA Cytb基因606 bp序列中发现了23个多态性位点,占总碱基数的3.79%,其中简约信息位点21个,占多态性位点的91.30%;5个品种共具有31个单倍型,其中共享单倍型2个。5个鹅品种按种间遗传距离的远近,大致可分成2大类族群,霍尔多巴吉鹅为一类,其他4个鹅品种为一类。狮头鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅、太湖鹅的核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性高;其Fu's Fs值和Tajima's D值均为正值且符合中性检验,同时碱基错配分布曲线呈多峰分布,表明群体趋于稳定。霍尔多巴吉鹅群体内未发现多态位点,且与上述4个鹅品种遗传距离较远,可作为父本或母本与上述4个大、中、小型鹅品种杂交,利用杂交优势培育专用品系或生产商品代霍杂鹅。

关键词: 鹅, 线粒体, 遗传多样性, 系统进化

Abstract:

In order to explore the relationship between genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of typical goose breeds at home and abroad, Sanger sequencing was used to determine the partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (mtDNA Cytb) gene in 5 large, medium and small goose breeds, and MEGA, DNASP and other software were used for analysis. Twenty-three polymorphic sites were found in the corrected mitochondrial Cytb gene 606 bp sequence, accounting for about 3.79% of the total number of sites, among which 21 were parsimonious information sites, accounting for about 91.30% of the polymorphic sites. There were 31 haplotypes in five varieties, including 2 shared haplotypes. According to the genetic distance between different breeds, five breeds of geese can be roughly divided into two groups, Hortobagy goose was the first group, and other four breeds of geese were the other group. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of Shitou goose, Zhedong white goose, Yangzhou goose and Taihu goose were high, their Fu's Fs and Tajima's D values were positive and accorded with neutral test, and the base mismatch distribution curve showed multi-peak distribution, indicating that the population tended to be stable. No polymorphic sites were found in the Hortobagy population, and the genetic distance between Hortobagy goose and the above four breeds was far. Hortobagy goose could be used as the male or female parent to cross with the above four large, medium and small goose breeds, and the hybrid advantage could be used to breed special lines or produce commercial substitute hybrid geese.

Key words: goose, mtDNA, polymorphism, phylogeny

中图分类号:

S835

刘林雨, 张扬, 刘威, 包强, 翁恺麒, 徐欣磊, 张钰, 徐琪, 陈国宏. 国内外5个典型鹅品种线粒体DNA遗传多样性与系统进化分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(11): 2525-2532.

LIU Linyu, ZHANG Yang, LIU Wei, BAO Qiang, WENG Kaiqi, XU Xinlei, ZHANG Yu, XU Qi, CHEN Guohong. Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA among 5 typical goose breeds at home and abroad[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2525-2532.

图/表 6

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品种 Breed	原产地 Origin	主要体貌特征、优点及用途 Main physical features, advantages and uses	1日龄重 1-day-old weight/g	70日龄重 70-day-old weight/g
狮头鹅 Shitou goose	中国广东饶平 Raoping,Guangdong, China	五瘤腊样脚;体型大、生长快、耐粗饲、屠宰率高;肉用大型鹅 Five tumor wax-like feet; Large body size, fast growth, tolerance to roughage, and high slaughter rate; Large goose for meat use	128.4±15.72	5 386.6±258.89
浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose	中国浙江象山 Xiangshan, Zhejiang, China	毛白、胫黄、爪白;生长快、肉质细嫩、屠宰率高;肉、肥肝兼用型中型鹅 Hair white, shin yellow, claw white; Fast growth, tender meat, and high slaughter rate; Medium-sized goose with meat and fat liver	107.4±7.05	4 160.3±97.06
霍尔多巴吉鹅 Hortobagy goose	匈牙利 Hungary	毛白、胫粗、蹼大、无肉瘤;肉质鲜嫩、含绒量高;蛋、绒兼用中型鹅 White hair, thick tibia, large webbing, and no sarcoma; The meat is fresh and tender, with high velvet content; Medium-sized goose with both egg and velvet	89.5±1.56	4 246.2±80.24
扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose	中国江苏扬州 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China	毛白、喙、胫、蹼橘黄;生长快、无就巢;蛋、肉兼用中型鹅 Hair white, beak, shins, webbed orange yellow; Fast growth, no nest; Medium-sized goose with both egg and meat	111.3±10.62	4 131.7±167.83
太湖鹅 Taihu goose	中国江苏苏州 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China	繁殖力高、早熟性好、抗病力强、觅食力强;蛋、绒兼用小型鹅 High fertility, good early maturity, strong disease resistance, and strong foraging ability; Egg and velvet mixed small goose	83.1±8.00	3 172.9±50.05

品种 Breed	原产地 Origin	主要体貌特征、优点及用途 Main physical features, advantages and uses	1日龄重 1-day-old weight/g	70日龄重 70-day-old weight/g
狮头鹅 Shitou goose	中国广东饶平 Raoping,Guangdong, China	五瘤腊样脚;体型大、生长快、耐粗饲、屠宰率高;肉用大型鹅 Five tumor wax-like feet; Large body size, fast growth, tolerance to roughage, and high slaughter rate; Large goose for meat use	128.4±15.72	5 386.6±258.89
浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose	中国浙江象山 Xiangshan, Zhejiang, China	毛白、胫黄、爪白;生长快、肉质细嫩、屠宰率高;肉、肥肝兼用型中型鹅 Hair white, shin yellow, claw white; Fast growth, tender meat, and high slaughter rate; Medium-sized goose with meat and fat liver	107.4±7.05	4 160.3±97.06
霍尔多巴吉鹅 Hortobagy goose	匈牙利 Hungary	毛白、胫粗、蹼大、无肉瘤;肉质鲜嫩、含绒量高;蛋、绒兼用中型鹅 White hair, thick tibia, large webbing, and no sarcoma; The meat is fresh and tender, with high velvet content; Medium-sized goose with both egg and velvet	89.5±1.56	4 246.2±80.24
扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose	中国江苏扬州 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China	毛白、喙、胫、蹼橘黄;生长快、无就巢;蛋、肉兼用中型鹅 Hair white, beak, shins, webbed orange yellow; Fast growth, no nest; Medium-sized goose with both egg and meat	111.3±10.62	4 131.7±167.83
太湖鹅 Taihu goose	中国江苏苏州 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China	繁殖力高、早熟性好、抗病力强、觅食力强;蛋、绒兼用小型鹅 High fertility, good early maturity, strong disease resistance, and strong foraging ability; Egg and velvet mixed small goose	83.1±8.00	3 172.9±50.05

品种 Breed	非简约性信息位点 Non minimalist informative site	简约信息位点 Parsimony informative sites	保守位点 Conserved site	GC含量 GC content/%	单倍型数 Haplotype number	单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	核酸多样性 Nucleic acid diversity
狮头鹅Shitou goose	4	8	594	48.5	9	0.926	0.007 09
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose	2	11	593	48.5	8	0.884	0.008 34
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose	0	0	606	48.3	1	0	0
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose	5	11	590	48.6	7	0.821	0.010 63
太湖鹅Taihu goose	1	12	593	48.5	9	0.926	0.009 17
总计Total	2	21	583	48.5	31	0.933	0.012 28

品种 Breed	非简约性信息位点 Non minimalist informative site	简约信息位点 Parsimony informative sites	保守位点 Conserved site	GC含量 GC content/%	单倍型数 Haplotype number	单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	核酸多样性 Nucleic acid diversity
狮头鹅Shitou goose	4	8	594	48.5	9	0.926	0.007 09
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose	2	11	593	48.5	8	0.884	0.008 34
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose	0	0	606	48.3	1	0	0
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose	5	11	590	48.6	7	0.821	0.010 63
太湖鹅Taihu goose	1	12	593	48.5	9	0.926	0.009 17
总计Total	2	21	583	48.5	31	0.933	0.012 28

品种 Breed	特有单倍型数量 Number of unique haplotypes	特有单倍型(包含个体数) Endemic haplotype (including individual number)	共享单倍型(包含个体数) Shared haplotype (including number of individuals)	特有单倍型频率 Unique haplotype frequency/%
狮头鹅Shitou goose	8	Hap 3、4、 5、6、7、 8、 9、10(18)	Hap 2(2)	18
浙东白鹅Zhedong white goose	6	Hap 26 、27、28、29、30、31(15)	Hap 2、18(5)	15
霍尔多巴吉鹅Hortobagy goose	1	Hap 1(20)	—	20
扬州鹅Yangzhou goose	6	Hap 20、21、22、23、24、25(12)	Hap18(8)	12
太湖鹅Taihu goose	8	Hap 11、12、13、14、15、16、17、19(17)	Hap18(3)	17
总计Total	29	—(82)	—(18)	82

国内外5个典型鹅品种线粒体DNA遗传多样性与系统进化分析

Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA among 5 typical goose breeds at home and abroad

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项目 Item	狮头鹅 Shitou goose	浙东白鹅 Zhedong white goose	扬州鹅 Yangzhou goose	太湖鹅 Taihu goose
Fu's Fs	0.276 99	0.976 27	0.526 67	1.372 30
P	>0.10	>0.10	>0.10	>0.10
Tajima's D	0.310 39	0.730 81	0.936 54	1.258 94
P	>0.10	>0.10	>0.10	>0.10

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