化学诱变获得甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变新种质

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221564

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2516-2524.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221564

化学诱变获得甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变新种质

郎春秀^a(), 刘仁虎^a, 郑滔^a, 王伏林^a, 石江华^b, 胡张华^a, 吴关庭^a^,^*()

浙江省农业科学院 a.病毒学与生物技术研究所; b.作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2022-11-03 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-04
作者简介:郎春秀(1970—),女,浙江桐庐人,副研究员,主要从事植物基因工程研究。E-mail:lcxzaas@126.com
通讯作者: * 吴关庭,E-mail: wugt1111@126.com
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(Z306077)

New dwarf mutants of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) induced by chemical mutagenesis

LANG Chunxiu^a(), LIU Renhu^a, ZHENG Tao^a, WANG Fulin^a, SHI Jianghua^b, HU Zhanghua^a, WU Guanting^a^,^*()

a. Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; b. Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2022-11-03 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油菜矮秆种质资源的发掘与创制对于培育株高适度矮化、抗倒性强、高产稳产、适合于机收的新品种具有重要意义。本研究利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯处理甘蓝型油菜品种浙油50种子诱发获得两个矮秆突变体3060和4036,其株高分别为74.5 cm和72.0 cm,株型紧凑直立,苗期和成熟期诸多表型特征以及种子脂肪酸组成和含油量等品质性状发生了显著变化。遗传分析结果初步表明,两矮秆突变受单个隐性基因或隐性主基因控制,不存在细胞质效应。光暗处理条件下,两突变体幼苗形态建成正常,推测其矮化机制不涉及油菜素内酯途径。喷施不同浓度外源赤霉素可显著促进两突变体幼苗下胚轴伸长,但均不能使下胚轴长度恢复到原亲本的水平,表明矮秆突变的发生可能与赤霉素信号传导过程中的变异有关。两突变体所具有的一些重要特征特性赋予其一定的利用价值。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 甲基磺酸乙酯, 矮秆突变体, 遗传分析, 赤霉素

Abstract:

The discovery and creation of dwarf germplasm resources of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) are of great significance for developing new varieties with moderate plant dwarfing, strong lodging resistance, high and stable yield, and good suitability for mechanized harvesting. In this study, two dwarf mutants 3060 and 4036 were obtained by treating seeds of Brassica napus cultivar Zheyou 50 with the chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The two mutants were 74.5 cm and 72.0 cm in plant height respectively, all with a compact and upright plant type. Many phenotypic characteristics at seedling and maturation stages as well as quality traits including seed fatty acid composition and oil content in the two mutants were significantly changed compared with the original parent. The results of genetic analysis preliminarily showed that the two dwarf mutations were controlled by a single recessive gene or a recessive major gene without cytoplasmic effects. Seedling morphogenesis of the two mutants was normal under light and dark conditions, suggesting that their dwarfing mechanism was unrelated to brassinosteroids pathway. Seedling hypocotyl elongation of the two mutants could be significantly promoted by spraying different concentrations of exogenous gibberellin, but hypocotyl length could not be restored to the level of the original parent, indicating that the occurrence of dwarf mutations might be related to variation(s) in the gibberellin signal transduction pathway. The two dwarf mutants were believed to have a certain utilization value because of their some important characteristics.

Key words: Brassica napus L., ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), dwarf mutant, genetic analysis, gibberellin

中图分类号:

S634.3

郎春秀, 刘仁虎, 郑滔, 王伏林, 石江华, 胡张华, 吴关庭. 化学诱变获得甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变新种质[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(11): 2516-2524.

LANG Chunxiu, LIU Renhu, ZHENG Tao, WANG Fulin, SHI Jianghua, HU Zhanghua, WU Guanting. New dwarf mutants of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) induced by chemical mutagenesis[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2516-2524.

图/表 6

表1 两个矮秆突变体及其原始亲本的主要农艺性状

Table 1 Main agronomic traits of the two dwarf mutants and their original parent

材料 Material	株高 Plant height/ cm	一次分枝位 Position of primary branches/cm	一次分枝数 Number of primary branches	二次分枝数 Number of secondary branches	每株角数 Number of pods per plant	角果长度 Pod length/ cm	每角粒数 Number of grains per pod	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	单株产量 Yield per plant/g	开花期(月-日) Flowering date (month-day)
3060	74.5^**	27.7^*	6.9	4.1	327.9^*	3.7^**	17.0^*	4.62^**	24.8^*	03-28
4036	72.0^**	17.9^**	6.3^*	6.1	359.0	3.4^**	16.1^*	3.27^**	17.7^**	03-31
ZY50	154.7	38.5	9.2	7.4	411.6	6.9	20.1	4.03	30.3	03-20

表2 两个矮秆突变体及其原始亲本的种子脂肪酸组成与含油量

Table 2 Seed fatty acid compositions and oil contents of the two dwarf mutants and their original parent %

材料 Material	脂肪酸组成Fatty acid composition							含油量 Oil content
材料 Material	C16:0	C18:0	C18:1	C18:2	C18:3	C20:1	C22:1	含油量 Oil content
3060	3.83^**	1.22^*	41.15^**	14.28^**	5.35^**	13.74^**	19.44^**	42.3^**
4036	4.82	2.08^**	68.09	18.26^*	5.33^**	0.75	0.02	41.8^**
ZY50	4.61	1.45	67.81	17.61	7.28	0.72	0.01	49.2

表3 两个矮秆突变体与两个常规品种正反交F2苗期分离的卡平方测验

Table 3 Chi-square testing on seedling segregation data in F2 generations of the reciprocal crosses between the two dwarf mutants and the two conventional cultivars

组合 Combination	调查苗数 Number of seedlings investigated	正常苗数 Number of normal seedlings	矮生苗数 Number of dwarf seedlings	分离比 Segregation ratio	期望比率 Expected ratio	卡平方值 Chi-square value	概率值 Probability value
3060/ZY50	1 252	956	296	3.23:1	3:1	1.231	0.267
ZY50/3060	1 114	809	305	2.65:1	3:1	3.362	0.067
3060/ZS72	1 158	880	278	3.17:1	3:1	0.609	0.435
ZS72/3060	1 087	839	248	3.38:1	3:1	2.768	0.096
4036/ZY50	1 056	783	273	2.87:1	3:1	0.409	0.522
ZY50/4036	1 209	930	279	3.33:1	3:1	2.385	0.123
4036/ZS72	1 021	794	227	3.50:1	3:1	4.169	0.041
ZS72/4036	943	690	253	2.73:1	3:1	1.683	0.195

图1 两个矮秆突变体及其原始亲本播种后光暗培养7 d的下胚轴长度 ZY50,浙油50。**表示与ZY50相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。下同。

Fig.1 Hypocotyl length of the two dwarf mutants and their original parent in light and dark on 7 d after sowing ZY50, Zheyou 50. ** indicates a significant difference compared with ZY50 (P<0.01). The same as below.

图2 两个矮秆突变体及其原始亲本播种后光暗培养7 d的幼苗表型 A,光照;B,黑暗。

Fig.2 Seedling phenotypes of the two dwarf mutants and their original parent in light and dark on 7 d after sowing A, Light; B, Dark.

图3 外源赤霉素喷施对两个矮秆突变体及其原始亲本下胚轴伸长的影响 *表示与ZY50相比差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.3 Effects of exogenous gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) spraying on hypocotyl elongation of the two dwarf mutants and their original parent * indicates a significant difference compared with ZY50 (P<0.05).

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化学诱变获得甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变新种质

New dwarf mutants of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) induced by chemical mutagenesis

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