浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 170-183.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250126

• 生物系统工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜低损收获割台气力回收装置关键部件设计与试验

童学权1(), 金裕国1, 宋熙1, 吴明亮1,2, 蒋啸虎1,2, 罗海峰1,2,*()   

  1. 1.湖南农业大学 机电工程学院,湖南 长沙 410128
    2.湖南省现代农业装备工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-11
  • 作者简介:罗海峰,E-mail:luohaifeng@hunau.edu.cn
    童学权,研究方向为农业机械性能试验与创新设计。E-mail:tongxuequan2022@163.com
  • 通讯作者: 罗海峰
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300103);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(22B0188);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财农指202045)

Design and experiment of key components for a pneumatic recovery system in the low-loss harvesting header of rapeseed

TONG Xuequan1(), JIN Yuguo1, SONG Xi1, WU Mingliang1,2, JIANG Xiaohu1,2, LUO Haifeng1,2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Changsha 410128, China
  • Received:2025-02-24 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11
  • Contact: LUO Haifeng

摘要:

针对油菜联合收获过程中割台损失率高的问题,采用“双向进风-中间集中供气”方法设计了一种割台气力回收装置,该装置主要包括风机、传动系统、供气装置、割台和防溅挡板。通过供气装置产生的稳定风幕,以气吹方式实现炸荚掉落籽粒在割台上的定向回收,从而达到低损收获。基于Fluent对供气装置气流管道内部流场进行仿真优化,以气流主管左右进风口内径、气流变径管末端内径和气流支管出口内径为试验因素,以出口风速不均匀性为评价指标,开展三元二次回归正交组合仿真试验。结果表明,影响出口风速不均匀性的主次顺序依次为气流支管出口内径、气流变径管末端内径、气流主管左右进风口内径;管道最优参数组合为气流主管左右进风口内径63 mm、气流变径管末端内径56 mm、气流支管出口内径14 mm。以风机转速、水平距离和水平倾角为试验因素,以籽粒回收率为评价指标,开展台架试验;结果表明,当风机转速3 000 r·min-1、水平距离350.5 mm、水平倾角76.8°时籽粒回收效果最佳。在现有油菜联合收获机上,利用脱粒动力加装一套机械传动系统驱动气力回收装置,试制了油菜气吹式割台低损联合收获机。该气力回收装置出口风速不均匀性为1.19%,气流稳定性良好;田间试验结果表明,割台损失率为2.75%,较未启用气力回收功能时割台损失率降低1.3百分点,实现了低损联合收获作业。

关键词: 油菜, 联合收获, 割台损失, 气力回收, 计算流体力学仿真

Abstract:

To address high header loss rate in rapeseed combine harvesting, a pneumatic recovery device was designed using a “bidirectional air intake-centralized middle air supply” method. The device mainly comprises fan, transmission system, air supply unit, header, and splash guards. A stable air curtain generated by the air supply unit directionally recovers the shattered pods and dropped seeds on the header via airflow, enabling low-loss harvesting. The internal flow field of the air ducts was simulated and optimized with Fluent. Using the inner diameters of the main duct left/right inlets, the airflow reducer end, and the airflow branch duct outlet as the test factors, and the outlet wind velocity non-uniformity as the evaluation index, a ternary quadratic regression orthogonal simulation test was conducted. Results showed that the order of primary-to-secondary factors affecting outlet wind velocity non-uniformity was: inner diameter of airflow branch duct outlet, inner diameter of airflow reducer end, and inner diameter of main duct left/right inlet. The optimal duct parameters were: main duct left/right inlets inner diameter 63 mm, reducer end inner diameter 56 mm, and branch duct outlet inner diameter 14 mm. A bench test with fan speed, horizontal distance, and inclination angle as factors indicated optimal seed recovery at 3 000 r·min-1, 350.5 mm, and 76.8°. A prototype low-loss rapeseed combine harvester was developed by adding a mechanical transmission driven by the existing threshing power to operate this pneumatic recovery device. The device achieved an outlet wind velocity non-uniformity of 1.19%, indicating good airflow stability. Field tests showed a header loss rate of 2.75%, which was 1.3 percentage points lower than that without the pneumatic recovery device, achieving effective low-loss combine harvesting.

Key words: rapeseed, combine harvesting, header loss reduction, air-assisted recovery, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation

中图分类号: