施氮量对弱筋小麦籽粒品质与氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.05.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 777-784.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.05.01

施氮量对弱筋小麦籽粒品质与氮素利用的影响

王玲玲¹(), 吴文革¹^,², 李瑞¹, 胡健¹, 闫素辉¹, 邵庆勤¹, 许峰¹, 张从宇¹, 周永进², 李文阳¹^,^*()

1.安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳 233100
2.安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,安徽合肥 230031

收稿日期:2020-09-01 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-05-25
通讯作者: 李文阳
作者简介:*李文阳,E-mail:liwy@ahstu.edu.cn
王玲玲(1996—),女,安徽天长人,硕士研究生,主要从事小麦品质生理与栽培学研究。E-mail:847644190@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300408);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300900);安徽省自然科学基金(1408085MC48)

Effects of nitrogen rate on grain quality and nitrogen utilization of weak gluten wheat

WANG Lingling¹(), WU Wenge¹^,², LI Rui¹, HU Jian¹, YAN Suhui¹, SHAO Qingqin¹, XU Feng¹, ZHANG Congyu¹, ZHOU Yongjin², LI Wenyang¹^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
2. Institute of Rice, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Received:2020-09-01 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-05-25
Contact: LI Wenyang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究施氮量对弱筋小麦籽粒品质和氮素利用的影响,以弱筋品种宁麦13与皖西麦0638为材料,设置4个施氮量(折纯N 0、120、180、240 kg·hm^-2),研究其对弱筋小麦籽粒产量、品质性状与氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在0~240 kg·hm^-2的施氮量范围内,随着施氮量增加,供试弱筋小麦的籽粒产量先增加后减少,当施氮量为180 kg·hm^-2时产量最高;随着施氮量增加,供试弱筋小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、硬度、沉降值、面团稳定时间等品质性状均呈上升趋势。供试的弱筋小麦,开花期、成熟期植株与籽粒中积累的氮均主要来源于土壤。当施氮量为120~240 kg·hm^-2时,随着施氮量增加,供试弱筋小麦成熟期籽粒中积累的氮来源于肥料的量呈先增加后降低的趋势,当施氮量为180 kg·hm^-2时,来源于肥料的量最高。当施氮量为120~240 kg·hm^-2时,供试弱筋小麦的氮素利用效率为25.68~44.76 kg·kg^-1,氮肥生产效率为25.16~50.82 kg·kg^-1,随着施氮量增加,供试弱筋小麦的氮肥生产效率下降。

关键词: 弱筋小麦, 施氮量, 籽粒品质, 氮素利用

Abstract:

To explore the effect of nitrogen rate on grain quality and nitrogen utilization of weak gluten wheat, wheat cultivar Ningmai13 and Wanximai0638 were adopted as test materials in the present study, and 4 nitrogen rates (N 0, 120, 180, 240 kg·hm^-2) were set. It was shown that with the increase of nitrogen rate from 0 to 240 kg·hm^-2, the grain yield of wheat first increased and then decreased, and the highest yield was achieved under nitrogen rate of 180 kg·hm^-2. When the nitrogen rate was 0-240 kg·hm^-2, with the increase of nitrogen rate, the protein content, wet gluten content, hardness, sedimentation value and stability time of grains showed upward trend. Nitrogen accumulated in plant and grains of weak gluten wheat mainly came from soil nitrogen both at flowering stage and maturity stages. With the increase of nitrogen rate from 120 kg·hm^-2 to 240 kg·hm^-2, the nitrogen accumulated from fertilizer in the grain increased first and then decreased, reaching the peak under nitrogen rate of 180 kg·hm^-2. When the nitrogen rate was 120-240 kg·hm^-2, the nitrogen use efficiency of weak gluten wheat was 25.68-44.76 kg·kg^-1, and the nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency was 25.16-50.82 kg·kg^-1. With nitrogen rate increased from 120 kg·hm^-2 to 240 kg·hm^-2, nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency of weak gluten wheat decreased.

Key words: weak gluten wheat, nitrogen rate, grain quality, nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

S512.1

王玲玲, 吴文革, 李瑞, 胡健, 闫素辉, 邵庆勤, 许峰, 张从宇, 周永进, 李文阳. 施氮量对弱筋小麦籽粒品质与氮素利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(5): 777-784.

WANG Lingling, WU Wenge, LI Rui, HU Jian, YAN Suhui, SHAO Qingqin, XU Feng, ZHANG Congyu, ZHOU Yongjin, LI Wenyang. Effects of nitrogen rate on grain quality and nitrogen utilization of weak gluten wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(5): 777-784.

图/表 7

参考文献 32

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单位面积籽粒数 Number of seeds per unit area	千粒重 Grain weight/g	产量 Grain yield/(kg·hm^-2)
宁麦13	N0	11 674.55±474.1 d	42.70±0.71 ab	2 620.80±123.74 e
Ningmai13	N120	19 563.34±352.6 b	44.10±0.30 ab	6 097.95±79.54 abc
	N180	22 837.00±159.8 a	42.55±0.16 b	6 737.50±441.94 a
	N240	22 821.14±818.6 a	44.20±0.01 ab	6 433.35±271.05 abc
皖西麦0638	N0	11 726.50±407.4 d	43.25±0.49 ab	3 345.85±5.89 d
Wanximai0638	N120	16 418.16±211.9 c	42.85±1.77 ab	5 833.35±306.41 c
	N180	20 184.00±305.5 b	44.80±1.69 a	6 658.35±259.27 ab
	N240	20 031.68±309.2 b	43.9±0.85 ab	6 037.50±512.65 bc

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单位面积籽粒数 Number of seeds per unit area	千粒重 Grain weight/g	产量 Grain yield/(kg·hm^-2)
宁麦13	N0	11 674.55±474.1 d	42.70±0.71 ab	2 620.80±123.74 e
Ningmai13	N120	19 563.34±352.6 b	44.10±0.30 ab	6 097.95±79.54 abc
	N180	22 837.00±159.8 a	42.55±0.16 b	6 737.50±441.94 a
	N240	22 821.14±818.6 a	44.20±0.01 ab	6 433.35±271.05 abc
皖西麦0638	N0	11 726.50±407.4 d	43.25±0.49 ab	3 345.85±5.89 d
Wanximai0638	N120	16 418.16±211.9 c	42.85±1.77 ab	5 833.35±306.41 c
	N180	20 184.00±305.5 b	44.80±1.69 a	6 658.35±259.27 ab
	N240	20 031.68±309.2 b	43.9±0.85 ab	6 037.50±512.65 bc

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	蛋白质 Protein/%	硬度 Hardness	湿面筋 Wet gluten/%	沉降值 Sedimentation value/mL	稳定时间 Stability time/min
宁麦13	N0	10.79±0.03 c	46.0±1.4 d	22.64±0.31 d	27.40± 0.01 bc	2.1±0.4 b
Ningmai13	N120	12.34±0.14 b	49.5±0.7 c	24.58±0.42 c	28.10±0.28 bc	2.7±0.1 b
	N180	13.07±0.08 b	57.5±0.7 b	25.90±0.70 c	34.40 ±0.42 a	4.0±0.1 a
	N240	14.70±0.98 a	63.5±0.7 a	31.07±0.06 a	35.45±0.07 a	4.6±0.4 a
皖西麦0638	N0	9.74±0.26 d	44.5±0.7 d	17.11±0.59 e	26.46±1.10 c	2.0±0.2 b
Wanximai0638	N120	12.30±0.61 b	48.5±0.7 c	25.33±0.41 c	29.70±1.54 b	2.5±0.2 b
	N180	13.20±0.31 b	57.0±1.4 b	29.07±0.42 b	33.80±1.64 a	3.8±0.5 a
	N240	14.46±0.13 a	63.0±1.4 a	30.06±1.22 ab	36.00±1.37 a	4.4±0.4 a

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	蛋白质 Protein/%	硬度 Hardness	湿面筋 Wet gluten/%	沉降值 Sedimentation value/mL	稳定时间 Stability time/min
宁麦13	N0	10.79±0.03 c	46.0±1.4 d	22.64±0.31 d	27.40± 0.01 bc	2.1±0.4 b
Ningmai13	N120	12.34±0.14 b	49.5±0.7 c	24.58±0.42 c	28.10±0.28 bc	2.7±0.1 b
	N180	13.07±0.08 b	57.5±0.7 b	25.90±0.70 c	34.40 ±0.42 a	4.0±0.1 a
	N240	14.70±0.98 a	63.5±0.7 a	31.07±0.06 a	35.45±0.07 a	4.6±0.4 a
皖西麦0638	N0	9.74±0.26 d	44.5±0.7 d	17.11±0.59 e	26.46±1.10 c	2.0±0.2 b
Wanximai0638	N120	12.30±0.61 b	48.5±0.7 c	25.33±0.41 c	29.70±1.54 b	2.5±0.2 b
	N180	13.20±0.31 b	57.0±1.4 b	29.07±0.42 b	33.80±1.64 a	3.8±0.5 a
	N240	14.46±0.13 a	63.0±1.4 a	30.06±1.22 ab	36.00±1.37 a	4.4±0.4 a

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总氮 Total nitrogen	来源于肥料的氮 N from fertilizer	来源于土壤的氮 N from soil
宁麦13	N0	18.08±0.87 d	—	18.08±0.87 d
Ningmai13	N120	24.12±1.66 b	2.45±0.06 f	21.67±1.72 b
	N180	29.05±0.46 a	6.72±0.09 b	22.33±0.55 ab
	N240	29.29±1.44 a	8.44±0.08 a	20.85±1.36 bc
皖西麦0638	N0	18.41±0.52 cd	—	18.41±0.52 d
Wanximai0638	N120	20.37±0.72 c	2.73±0.01 e	17.64±0.70 d
	N180	25.09±0.14 b	6.03±0.14 c	19.06±0.01 cd
	N240	29.57±0.69 a	5.55±0.09 d	24.02±0.77 a

施氮量对弱筋小麦籽粒品质与氮素利用的影响

Effects of nitrogen rate on grain quality and nitrogen utilization of weak gluten wheat

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	氮素收获指数 Nitrogen harvest index	氮素利用效率 Nitrogen use efficiency	氮肥收获指数 Nitrogen fertilizer harvest index	氮肥生产效率 Nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency
宁麦13Ningmai13	N0	0.798±0.010 bc	39.89±1.55 bc	—	—
	N120	0.837±0.006 a	38.43±0.41 c	0.532±0.004 b	48.61±2.55 a
	N180	0.797±0.005 bc	39.09±1.77 c	0.560±0.001 a	36.99±1.44 b
	N240	0.765±0.005 d	25.68±1.73 e	0.519±0.001 c	25.16±2.14 c
皖西麦0638	N0	0.809±0.008 b	43.39±1.98 ab	—	—
Wanximai0638	N120	0.847±0.012 a	44.76±1.29 a	0.501±0.004 d	50.82±0.66 a
	N180	0.783±0.002 c	30.21±1.18 d	0.483±0.002 e	37.43±2.46 b
	N240	0.795±0.004 bc	31.61±2.40 d	0.484±0.006 e	26.81±1.13 c

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	营养器官Vegetative organ			籽粒Grain
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总氮 Total nitrogen	肥料氮 N from fertilizer	土壤氮 N from soil	总氮 Total nitrogen	肥料氮 N from fertilizer	土壤氮 N from soil
宁麦13	N0	3.61±0.13 f	—	3.61±0.13 b	15.27±0.24 f	—	15.27±0.24 f
Ningmai13	N120	4.82±0.34 e	1.80±0.03 f	3.02±0.37 c	26.62±0.56 d	2.04±0.01 f	24.58±0.56 d
	N180	10.57±0.04 a	4.69±0.015 c	5.88±0.02 a	38.09±0.26 a	5.97±0.02 a	32.12±0.28 a
	N240	8.41±0.03 b	4.90±0.002 b	3.51±0.02 b	32.67±0.65 b	5.29±0.02 b	27.38±0.67 c
皖西麦0638	N0	5.60±0.18 d	—	5.60±0.18 a	22.09±0.61 e	—	22.09±0.61 e
Wanximai0638	N120	5.51±0.05 d	2.53±0.01 e	2.97±0.05 c	28.36±1.04 c	2.54±0.05 e	25.81±1.09 d
	N180	6.97±0.17 c	5.11±0.01 a	1.86±0.17 d	27.30±0.24 cd	4.78±0.04 c	22.51±0.20 e
	N240	10.29±0.30 a	4.59±0.04 d	5.70±0.25 a	33.53±0.09 b	4.31±0.06 d	29.22±0.15 b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	营养器官Vegetative organ			籽粒Grain
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总氮 Total nitrogen	肥料氮 N from fertilizer	土壤氮 N from soil	总氮 Total nitrogen	肥料氮 N from fertilizer	土壤氮 N from soil
宁麦13	N0	3.61±0.13 f	—	3.61±0.13 b	15.27±0.24 f	—	15.27±0.24 f
Ningmai13	N120	4.82±0.34 e	1.80±0.03 f	3.02±0.37 c	26.62±0.56 d	2.04±0.01 f	24.58±0.56 d
	N180	10.57±0.04 a	4.69±0.015 c	5.88±0.02 a	38.09±0.26 a	5.97±0.02 a	32.12±0.28 a
	N240	8.41±0.03 b	4.90±0.002 b	3.51±0.02 b	32.67±0.65 b	5.29±0.02 b	27.38±0.67 c
皖西麦0638	N0	5.60±0.18 d	—	5.60±0.18 a	22.09±0.61 e	—	22.09±0.61 e
Wanximai0638	N120	5.51±0.05 d	2.53±0.01 e	2.97±0.05 c	28.36±1.04 c	2.54±0.05 e	25.81±1.09 d
	N180	6.97±0.17 c	5.11±0.01 a	1.86±0.17 d	27.30±0.24 cd	4.78±0.04 c	22.51±0.20 e
	N240	10.29±0.30 a	4.59±0.04 d	5.70±0.25 a	33.53±0.09 b	4.31±0.06 d	29.22±0.15 b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单株转移量Translocation amount per plant/mg			转移率Translocation efficiency/%
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总氮 Total nitrogen	来源于土壤的氮 N from soil	来源于肥料的氮 N from fertilizer	总氮 Total nitrogen	来源于土壤的氮 N from soil	来源于肥料的氮 N from fertilizer
宁麦13	N0	14.47±0.74 c	14.47±0.74 bc	—	80.05±0.23 a	80.05±0.23 a	—
Ningmai13	N120	19.31±2.00 ab	18.65±2.09 a	0.66±0.09 d	79.95±2.79 a	53.20±5.73 c	26.75±2.94 b
	N180	18.48±0.50 b	16.45±0.58 ab	2.03±0.08 b	63.62±0.71 d	33.36±1.45 e	30.26±0.75 b
	N240	20.88±1.47 a	17.34±1.39 a	3.54±0.08 a	71.26±1.51 bc	29.30±0.94 e	41.96±0.57 a
皖西麦0638	N0	12.82±0.33 c	12.82±0.33 c	—	69.62±0.15 c	69.62±0.15 b	—
Wanximai0638	N120	14.87±0.66 c	14.68±0.65 bc	0.19±0.01 e	72.96±0.69 b	65.84±0.42 b	7.12±0.27 d
	N180	18.12±0.31 b	17.20±0.18 a	0.91±0.13 c	72.21±0.83 bc	57.09±1.06 c	15.12±1.89 c
	N240	19.29±0.98 ab	18.32±1.03 a	0.96±0.04 c	65.18±1.81 d	47.82±2.33 d	17.36±0.52 c

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单株转移量Translocation amount per plant/mg			转移率Translocation efficiency/%
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总氮 Total nitrogen	来源于土壤的氮 N from soil	来源于肥料的氮 N from fertilizer	总氮 Total nitrogen	来源于土壤的氮 N from soil	来源于肥料的氮 N from fertilizer
宁麦13	N0	14.47±0.74 c	14.47±0.74 bc	—	80.05±0.23 a	80.05±0.23 a	—
Ningmai13	N120	19.31±2.00 ab	18.65±2.09 a	0.66±0.09 d	79.95±2.79 a	53.20±5.73 c	26.75±2.94 b
	N180	18.48±0.50 b	16.45±0.58 ab	2.03±0.08 b	63.62±0.71 d	33.36±1.45 e	30.26±0.75 b
	N240	20.88±1.47 a	17.34±1.39 a	3.54±0.08 a	71.26±1.51 bc	29.30±0.94 e	41.96±0.57 a
皖西麦0638	N0	12.82±0.33 c	12.82±0.33 c	—	69.62±0.15 c	69.62±0.15 b	—
Wanximai0638	N120	14.87±0.66 c	14.68±0.65 bc	0.19±0.01 e	72.96±0.69 b	65.84±0.42 b	7.12±0.27 d
	N180	18.12±0.31 b	17.20±0.18 a	0.91±0.13 c	72.21±0.83 bc	57.09±1.06 c	15.12±1.89 c
	N240	19.29±0.98 ab	18.32±1.03 a	0.96±0.04 c	65.18±1.81 d	47.82±2.33 d	17.36±0.52 c