浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2516-2524.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240800

• 园艺科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同水肥耦合对设施栽培番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

闫沛玉1(), 张生银2, 陈亮3,4, 刘斌1,4,*()   

  1. 1.甘肃省景泰川电力提灌水资源利用中心,甘肃 景泰 730400
    2.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730099
    3.甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 武威 733006
    4.甘肃农业大学 园艺学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-09
  • 作者简介:闫沛玉(1980—),男,甘肃景泰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事农业灌溉技术研究。E-mail:463621361@qq.com
  • 通讯作者: *刘斌,E-mail:347582892@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRD0001);甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2021LQGR09);甘肃省水利科学试验研究与推广计划项目“景电灌区典型农作物节水控盐施肥灌溉制度研究”“农业水价综合改革背景下景电灌区主要经济作物滴灌节水灌溉制度研究”

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivated in facility

YAN Peiyu1(), ZHANG Shengyin2, CHEN Liang3,4, LIU Bin1,4,*()   

  1. 1. Gansu Jingtaichuan Irrigation Water Resources Utilization Center, Jingtai 730400, Gansu, China
    2. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730099, China
    3. Gansu Provincial Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China
    4. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2024-09-10 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-09

摘要: 番茄作为我国重要的蔬菜作物之一,生产中不合理的灌溉和施肥现象普遍,严重影响着果实的产量与品质。为探明可提高番茄品质的水肥调控机制,本试验以181番茄为试材,设置了不同水平的水肥条件,分别以足水足肥为CK(灌水每槽每次87.32 L,施肥N 420 kg·hm-2、P2O5180 kg·hm-2、K2O 468.0 kg·hm-2),设置3个水分水平W1(每槽每次74.15 L)、W2(每槽每次65.42 L)、W3(每槽每次56.70 L),3个肥料水平F1(CK的100%肥量),F2(CK的85%肥量),F3(CK的70%肥量),并两两组合为W1F1、W1F2、W1F3、W2F1、W2F2、W2F3、W3F1、W3F2、W3F3,共9个处理。结果表明,W2F2水平下,番茄植株的株高、茎粗和叶面积较CK显著增加,W2F2、W2F3、W3F3处理下的可溶性固形物含量较CK分别显著增加了1.6、1.1、0.9百分点,W2F2的可溶性糖含量较CK显著增加2.0百分点,且W2F2处理下糖酸比最大,相较其他处理均有显著性差异,较CK显著增加100.06%;此外,W3F3的硝酸盐含量最低,W2F2单果重最高,与CK无显著差异,同时平均单株果数和产量显著高于其他处理。综合各指标,W2F2处理(灌水量每槽每次65.42 L,施肥量85%(即N 357 kg·hm-2、P2O5 153 kg·hm-2、K2O 397.8 kg·hm-2)能有效提高设施番茄的品质和产量,并达到节水节肥的效果,可作为日光温室基质栽培高品质番茄的适宜水肥耦合制度。

关键词: 水肥耦合, 设施栽培, 番茄, 品质, 产量

Abstract:

Tomato, as one of the most important vegetable crops in China, faces widespread issues of improper irrigation and fertilization practices during production, which severely affect both yield and fruit quality. In this experiment, to explore the usage of water and fertilizer rules which improve tomato quality, the variety of 181 was used as the test material. Different levels of water and fertilizer treatments were set, with sufficient water and fertilizer as the control (CK), where irrigation was 87.32 L per plot for once and fertilization consisted of N 420 kg·hm-2, P2O5 180 kg·hm-2, K2O 468.0 kg·hm-2. Three irrigation levels were set: W1 (74.15 L per plot for once), W2 (65.42 L per plot for once), W3 (56.70 L per plot for once), and three fertilization levels: F1 (100% fertilizer amount of CK), F2 (85% fertilizer amount of CK), F3 (70% fertilizer amount of CK). These were combined into nine treatments: W1F1, W1F2, W1F3, W2F1, W2F2, W2F3, W3F1, W3F2, and W3F3. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area of tomato plants significantly increased under the W2F2 treatment compared with CK. The soluble solids content under W2F2, W2F3, and W3F3 treatments increased by 1.6, 1.1, and 0.9 percentage points, respectively, compared with CK. The soluble sugar content under W2F2 treatment increased by 2.0 percentage points compared with CK, and the sugar-acid ratio was the highest under W2F2 treatment, significantly different from other treatments and 100.06% higher than CK. Additionally, the nitrate content was the lowest under W3F3 treatment, while the single fruit weight was the highest under W2F2, with no significant difference from CK, and the average number of fruits per plant and yield were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Based on all indicators, the W2F2 treatment, i.e., irrigation of 65.42 L per plot for once and 85% fertilization (N 357 kg·hm-2, P2O5 153 kg·hm-2, K2O 397.8 kg·hm-2), effectively improved both the quality and yield of tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions while achieving water and fertilizer savings. Thus, it can be considered an optimal water-fertilizer coupling strategy for high-quality tomato cultivation in substrate-based greenhouse production.

Key words: water-fertilizer coupling, protected cultivation, tomato, quality, yield

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