超临界CO2萃取山茶籽油工艺优化与氧化稳定性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250542

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1141-1152.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250542

超临界CO₂萃取山茶籽油工艺优化与氧化稳定性分析

李鹏¹(), 詹喜², 张辉¹^,^*()

¹ 浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院, 浙江杭州 310058
² 浙江出版联合集团, 浙江杭州 310006

收稿日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
作者简介:李鹏,主要从事山茶油功能因子高值化开发应用。E-mail: lipeng_99@163.com
通讯作者: ^*张辉,E-mail: hubert0513@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”重点研发计划项目(2023C02044)

Process optimization and oxidative stability analysis of Camellia oleifera seed oil via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

LI Peng¹(), ZHAN Xi², ZHANG Hui¹^,^*()

¹ College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
² Zhejiang Publishing United Group, Hangzhou 310006, China

Received:2025-08-14 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山茶籽油作为我国特有的木本植物油,富含多种营养成分与生物活性物质,在食品、化妆品与制药领域应用广泛。高效提取优质山茶籽油是实现其高值化利用的关键前提。本研究基于超临界流体特性,采用中心复合设计响应面法(central composite design response surface methodology,CCD-RSM),系统考察了超临界二氧化碳(supercritical carbon dioxide, SC-CO₂)萃取过程中温度(35~95 ℃)、压力(8~40 MPa)、静态时间(10~50 min)和动态时间(12~60 min)对油脂得率,以及油中角鲨烯和三萜烯醇含量的影响,建立了自变量响应面二阶多项式回归模型,根据模型预测最佳工艺条件,并分析了最佳工艺条件下所得山茶籽油的化学组成和抗氧化能力。根据预测模型优化出3个最佳工艺条件:产率最佳工艺条件Y1(温度75 ℃,压力35.2 MPa,静态时间25.5 min,动态时间50.2 min),角鲨烯含量最佳工艺条件Y2(温度55 ℃,压力20.4 MPa,静态时间38.8 min,动态时间14.3 min),三萜烯醇含量最佳工艺条件Y3(温度70 ℃,压力10.8 MPa,静态时间19.9 min,动态时间41.1 min)。不同萃取条件下获得的山茶籽油,其得率、角鲨烯、三萜烯醇含量及抗氧化能力均存在显著差异,而脂肪酸组成基本相似。在Y1条件下实测山茶籽油产率为23.96%(质量分数),在Y2条件下实测山茶籽油中角鲨烯含量为288.89 mg·kg^-1,在Y3条件下实测山茶籽油中三萜烯醇含量为2 283.50 mg·kg^-1,均与模型预测值高度吻合。本研究证实,超临界萃取技术能够选择性地提升山茶籽油中生物活性物质的含量,为获取优质山茶籽油并推动其高值化应用提供理论参考和实践支撑。

关键词: 山茶籽油, 超临界CO2萃取, 响应面法, 化学组成, 抗氧化能力, 角鲨烯, 三萜烯醇

Abstract:

Camellia oleifera seed oil, a unique woody oil native to China, is rich in various nutrients and bioactive compounds and is widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Efficient extraction of high-quality C. oleifera seed oil is a key prerequisite for its high-value utilization. Based on the properties of supercritical fluids, this study used a central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) to systematically investigate the effects of temperature (35-95 ℃), pressure (8-40 MPa), equilibration time (10-50 min) and extraction time (12-60 min) on oil yield, as well as on the contents of squalene and triterpene alcohols in the oil during supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction. A second-order polynomial regression model of the independent variables was established to predict the optimal process conditions, and the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the oil obtained under the optimal conditions were analyzed. Three optimal conditions were derived from the prediction model: Y1 (temperature 75 ℃, pressure 35.2 MPa, equilibration time 25.5 min, extraction time 50.2 min) for maximizing oil yield; Y2 (temperature 55 ℃, pressure 20.4 MPa, equilibration time 38.8 min, extraction time 14.3 min) for maximizing squalene content; and Y3 (temperature 70 ℃, pressure 10.8 MPa, equilibration time 19.9 min, extraction time 41.1 min) for maximizing triterpene alcohol content. Under different extraction conditions, significant differences were observed in oil yield, squalene content, triterpene alcohol content and antioxidant capacity, whereas the fatty acid composition remained largely similar. The measured values under the optimal conditions were in good agreement with the model predictions: oil yield under Y1 was 23.96% (mass fraction), squalene content under Y2 was 288.89 mg·kg^-1, and triterpene alcohol content under Y3 was 2 283.50 mg·kg^-1. This study confirms that supercritical fluid extraction can selectively enhance the levels of bioactive compounds in C. oleifera seed oil, providing a theoretical reference and practical support for obtaining high-quality oil and promoting its high-value applications.

Key words: Camellia oleifera seed oil, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, response surface methodology, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, squalene, triterpene alcohol

中图分类号:

TS224.4

李鹏, 詹喜, 张辉. 超临界CO₂萃取山茶籽油工艺优化与氧化稳定性分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(6): 1141-1152.

LI Peng, ZHAN Xi, ZHANG Hui. Process optimization and oxidative stability analysis of Camellia oleifera seed oil via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1141-1152.

图/表 9

参考文献 48

[35]	MA X, HUANG C B, ZHENG C, et al. Effect of oil extraction methods on walnut oil quality characteristics and the functional properties of walnut protein isolate[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 438: 138052.
[36]	CHABNI A, BAÑARES C, TORRES C F. Study of the oxidative stability via Oxitest and Rancimat of phenolic-rich olive oils obtained by a sequential process of dehydration, expeller and supercritical CO₂extractions[J]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2024, 11: 1494091.
[1]	ZHU F, WU R, CHEN B L, et al. Development of an efficient procedure for preparing high quality Camellia oleifera seed oil by enzymatic extraction and demulsification[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 212: 118392.
[2]	YE M Q, ZHOU H F, HAO J R, et al. Microwave pretreatment on microstructure, characteristic compounds and oxidative stability of camellia seeds[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2021, 161: 113193.
[37]	WANG H W, LIU Y Q, WEI S L, et al. Application of response surface methodology to optimise supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oil from Cyperus rotundus Linn[J]. Food Chemistry, 2012, 132(1): 582-587.
[38]	PAN W J, LIAO A M, ZHANG J G, et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of the oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) pupal oil: process optimization and composition determination[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2012, 13(2): 2354-2367.
[39]	王永华, 吴振强, 谭字榴, 等. 前处理条件对超临界CO₂萃取隐甲藻油脂的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2002, 28(4): 15-18.
	WANG Y H, WU Z Q, TAN Z L, et al. Effect of pretreatment on the extraction of oil from C. cohnni by supercritical CO₂[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2002, 28(4): 15-18.
[3]	LU Y C, HOU R R, SHAO S X, et al. In-depth potential mechanism of combined demulsification pretreatments (isopropanol ultrasonic pretreatments and Ca²⁺flow additions) during aqueous enzymatic extractions of camellia oils[J]. Food Chemistry, 2023, 414: 135681.
[4]	ZHANG F, ZHU F, CHEN B L, et al. Composition, bioactive substances, extraction technologies and the influences on characteristics of Camellia oleifera oil: a review[J]. Food Research International, 2022, 156: 111159.
[40]	PEREIRA C G, MEIRELES M A A. Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds: fundamentals, applications and economic perspectives[J]. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2010, 3(3): 340-372.
[41]	WEJNEROWSKA G, HEINRICH P, GACA J. Separation of squalene and oil from Amaranthus seeds by supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2013, 110: 39-43.
[5]	GAO L, JIN L H, LIU Q N, et al. Recent advances in the extraction, composition analysis and bioactivity of camellia(Camellia oleifera Abel.) oil[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2024, 143: 104211.
[6]	QIN P J, SHEN J J, WEI J, et al. A critical review of the bioactive ingredients and biological functions of Camellia oleifera oil[J]. Current Research in Food Science, 2024, 8: 100753.
[7]	ZHANG X L, MA H L, QUAISIE J, et al. Tea saponin extracted from seed pomace of Camellia oleifera Abel ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in BALB/c mice[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2022, 91: 105001.
[8]	JIAO S C, DENG L J, NIU M, et al. Restorative effects of camellia oil on the skin-barrier function in a model of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis[J]. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2025, 69(1): 4147.
[9]	LIN C Y, CHEN S Y, LEE W T, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of camellia oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) on CD19⁺B cells enrichment and IL-10 production in BALB/c mice[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2022, 88: 104863.
[10]	AKIHISA T, YASUKAWA K, KIMURA Y, et al. Triterpene alcohols from camellia and sasanqua oils and their anti-inflammatory effects[J]. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1997, 45(12): 2016-2023.
[11]	LOU-BONAFONTE J M, MARTÍNEZ-BEAMONTE R, SANCLEMENTE T, et al. Current insights into the biological action of squalene[J]. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2018, 62(15): 1800136.
[12]	WANG D X, WANG T T, ZHANG Z H, et al. Recent advances in the effects of dietary polyphenols on inflammation in vivo: potential molecular mechanisms, receptor targets, safety issues, and uses of nanodelivery system and polyphenol polymers[J]. Current Opinion in Food Science, 2022, 48: 100921.
[13]	JIN C Y, CHU C, ZHU X H, et al. Fractional extraction phenolics from C. oleifera seed kernels exhibited anti-inflammatory effect via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway under Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture cell model[J]. Food Research International, 2024, 197: 115268.
[14]	THOMPSON M D, COONEY R V. The potential physiological role of γ-tocopherol in human health: a qualitative review[J]. Nutrition and Cancer, 2020, 72(5): 808-825.
[15]	HUANG H R, HE Y, CUI X X, et al. Potent inhibitory effect of δ-tocopherol on prostate cancer cells cultured in vitro and grown as xenograft tumors in vivo[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(44): 10752-10758.
[16]	LI G H, MA L, YAN Z P, et al. Extraction of oils and phytochemicals from Camellia oleifera seeds: trends, challenges, and innovations[J]. Processes, 2022, 10(8): 1489.
[17]	KARRAR E, SHETH S, WEI W, et al. Effect of microwave heating on lipid composition, oxidative stability, color value, chemical properties, and antioxidant activity of gurum (Citrullus lanatus var. Colocynthoide) seed oil[J]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2020, 23: 101504.
[18]	HRABOVSKI N, SINADINOVIĆ-FIŠER S, NIKOLOVSKI B, et al. Phytosterols in pumpkin seed oil extracted by organic solvents and supercritical CO₂[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2012, 114(10): 1204-1211.
[42]	卢克刚, 张红霞. 植物来源角鲨烯的制备与检测方法研究进展[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2019, 40(9): 217-224.
	LU K G, ZHANG H X. Research progress in preparation and detection methods of squalene from plants[J]. Food Research and Development, 2019, 40(9): 217-224.
[19]	祝华明, 戴贤君, 郑睿行. 加工工艺对茶油中多环芳烃组成及含量的影响[J]. 食品与机械, 2015, 31(4): 59-61.
	ZHU H M, DAI X J, ZHENG R H. Effect of processing technology on composition and concentration of PAHs in camellia seed oil[J]. Food & Machinery, 2015, 31(4): 59-61.
[43]	刘晓庚, 陈梅梅, 谢亚桐. 夹带剂及其对超临界CO₂萃取效能的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2004, 25(11): 353-357.
	LIU X G, CHEN M M, XIE Y T. Modifier effect on the efficacy of supercritical CO₂extraction[J]. Food Science, 2004, 25(11): 353-357.
[44]	廖传华, 黄振仁. 夹带剂对超临界CO₂萃取过程的影响[J]. 香料香精化妆品, 2004(1): 34-37.
	LIAO C H, HUANG Z R. Effect of modifier on supercritical CO₂ extraction[J]. Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics, 2004(1): 34-37.
[20]	黄鑫, 张利军, 张保艳. 油茶籽油提取方法对比分析[J]. 中国油脂, 2019, 44(6): 9-13.
	HUANG X, ZHANG L J, ZHANG B Y. Comparison of extraction methods of oil-tea camellia seed oil[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2019, 44(6): 9-13.
[21]	DHARA O, PRASANNA RANI K N, CHAKRABARTI P P. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of vegetable oils: retrospective and prospects[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2022, 124(8): 2200006.
[22]	UWINEZA P A, WAŚKIEWICZ A. Recent advances in supercritical fluid extraction of natural bioactive compounds from natural plant materials[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(17): 3847.
[23]	AHANGARI H, KING J W, EHSANI A, et al. Supercritical fluid extraction of seed oils: a short review of current trends[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2021, 111: 249-260.
[24]	CHEMAT F, ABERT VIAN M, RAVI H K, et al. Review of alternative solvents for green extraction of food and natural products: panorama, principles, applications and prospects[J]. Molecules, 2019, 24(16): 3007.
[25]	JIRARATTANARANGSRI W, MUANGRAT R. Comparison of supercritical CO₂ and screw press extraction methods for producing oil from Camellia sinensis var. assamica seeds: physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity[J]. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2022, 31: 100413.
[26]	HE J H, LIN D, LIN S Z, et al. Quality comparison of camellia(Camellia oleifera C. Abel) seed oil with different extraction methods[J]. International Food Research Journal, 2023, 30(1): 182-192.
[27]	谭传波, 田华, 赖琼玮, 等. 不同工艺山茶油中生物活性物质含量的比较[J]. 中国油脂, 2018, 43(12): 41-44.
	TAN C B, TIAN H, LAI Q W, et al. Comparison of contents of bioactive substances in oil-tea camellia seed oils from different processes[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2018, 43(12): 41-44.
[45]	叶虔臻, 王微, 董柳青, 等. 山茶油脱臭馏出物中角鲨烯的分离纯化及对猪油抗氧化作用的研究[J]. 中国粮油学报, 2019, 34(7): 62-67.
	YE Q Z, WANG W, DONG L Q, et al. Isolation and purification of squalene from camellia oil deodorized distillate and its antioxidant activity in lard[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2019, 34(7): 62-67.
[28]	刘金, 江敏, 岳希洁, 等. 茶籽油提取技术及研究进展[J]. 食品工业, 2022, 43(4): 283-286.
	LIU J, JIANG M, YUE X J, et al. Advances in research on extraction technologies of camellia seed oil[J]. The Food Industry, 2022, 43(4): 283-286.
[46]	NAZIRI E, CONSONNI R, TSIMIDOU M Z. Squalene oxidation products: monitoring the formation, characterisation and pro-oxidant activity[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2014, 116(10): 1400-1411.
[47]	马宇晨, 王光宜, 刘乐乐, 等. 植物油中内源性成分的抗氧化作用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(24): 119-130.
[29]	DAI Q Q, YANG Y D, CHEN K, et al. Optimization of supercritical CO₂operative parameters to simultaneously increase the extraction yield of oil and pentacyclic triterpenes from artichoke leaves and stalks by response surface methodology and ridge analysis[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2019, 121(2): 1800120
[30]	SZPISJÁK-GULYÁS N, AL-TAYAWI A N, HORVÁTH Z H, et al. Methods for experimental design, central composite design and the Box-Behnken design, to optimise operational parameters: a review[J]. Acta Alimentaria, 2023, 52(4): 521-537.
[31]	黄翠莉, 吴苏喜. 响应面法对超临界CO₂萃取茶籽仁油的工艺优化[J]. 生物加工过程, 2010, 8(3):13-17.
	HUANG C L, WU S X. Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process of camellia seed kernel oil by response surface methodology[J]. Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering, 2010, 8(3):13-17.
[32]	黄闪闪, 吴苏喜, 谭传波. 微波预处理-超临界CO₂萃取高品质茶籽油的工艺研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2014, 35(24): 253-257.
	HUANG S S, WU S X, TAN C B. Study on the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process combined with microwave pretreatment for efficiently extracting high quality camellia seed oil[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2014, 35(24): 253-257.
[33]	RIBEIRO P P C, DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO K S F, DE VERAS B O, et al. Chemical and biological activities of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) seed oil for potential health applications[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 337: 127771.
[34]	SHAO P, LIU Q, FANG Z X, et al. Chemical composition, thermal stability and antioxidant properties of tea seed oils obtained by different extraction methods: supercritical fluid extraction yields the best oil quality[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2015, 117(3): 355-365.
[47]	MA Y C, WANG G Y, LIU L L, et al. Antioxidant effects of endogenous components in vegetable oils[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(24): 119-130.
[48]	MA Y C, WANG G Y, DENG Z Y, et al. Effects of endogenous anti-oxidative components from different vegetable oils on their oxidative stability[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(11): 2273.

响应变量 Response variable	F值 F value	p值 p value	R²	调整R² ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{d}\mathit{j}}^{2}$	失拟项p值 p value of lack of fit
产率Yield	34.17	<0.000 1	0.968	0.939	0.173
角鲨烯含量Squalene content	12.21	<0.000 1	0.914	0.840	0.833
三萜烯醇含量Triterpene alcohol content	14.83	<0.000 1	0.928	0.866	0.567

响应变量 Response variable	F值 F value	p值 p value	R²	调整R² ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{d}\mathit{j}}^{2}$	失拟项p值 p value of lack of fit
产率Yield	34.17	<0.000 1	0.968	0.939	0.173
角鲨烯含量Squalene content	12.21	<0.000 1	0.914	0.840	0.833
三萜烯醇含量Triterpene alcohol content	14.83	<0.000 1	0.928	0.866	0.567

响应值 Response value	变量 Variable	回归系数 Regression coefficient	F值 F value	p值 p value
产率Yield	截距Intercept	21.15	—	—
	X₁	0.540 6	13.67	<0.000 1
	X₂	2.65	327.99	0.002 0
	X₃	0.643 0	19.33	<0.000 1
	X₄	0.945 9	41.83	0.000 5
	X₁X₂	0.486 1	7.36	<0.000 1
	${\mathit{X}}_{1}^{2}$	-0.408 5	9.30	0.015 3
	${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{2}$	-1.04	60.59	0.007 7
角鲨烯含量 Squalene content	截距Intercept	224.72	—	—
	X₂	-12.09	17.76	<0.000 1
	X₄	-27.17	89.68	<0.000 1
	X₁X₂	-9.56	7.41	0.015 1
	X₁X₃	-12.99	13.66	0.002 0
	X₁X₄	8.13	5.36	0.034 2
	${\mathit{X}}_{1}^{2}$	-10.41	15.70	0.001 1
	${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{2}$	-9.78	13.85	0.001 9
三萜烯醇含量 Triterpene alcohol content	截距Intercept	2 001.86	—	—
	X₂	-76.09	14.83	<0.000 1
	X₁X₂	28.86	94.61	0.008 3
	X₁X₃	-27.65	9.07	0.010 7
	X₁X₄	26.28	8.33	0.014 4
	X₂X₃	65.90	7.53	<0.000 1
	${\mathit{X}}_{1}^{2}$	-29.45	47.31	0.000 8
	${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{2}$	-20.88	16.88	0.010 2
	${\mathit{X}}_{4}^{2}$	-28.68	8.48	0.001 0

响应值 Response value	变量 Variable	回归系数 Regression coefficient	F值 F value	p值 p value
产率Yield	截距Intercept	21.15	—	—
	X₁	0.540 6	13.67	<0.000 1
	X₂	2.65	327.99	0.002 0
	X₃	0.643 0	19.33	<0.000 1
	X₄	0.945 9	41.83	0.000 5
	X₁X₂	0.486 1	7.36	<0.000 1
	${\mathit{X}}_{1}^{2}$	-0.408 5	9.30	0.015 3
	${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{2}$	-1.04	60.59	0.007 7
角鲨烯含量 Squalene content	截距Intercept	224.72	—	—
	X₂	-12.09	17.76	<0.000 1
	X₄	-27.17	89.68	<0.000 1
	X₁X₂	-9.56	7.41	0.015 1
	X₁X₃	-12.99	13.66	0.002 0
	X₁X₄	8.13	5.36	0.034 2
	${\mathit{X}}_{1}^{2}$	-10.41	15.70	0.001 1
	${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{2}$	-9.78	13.85	0.001 9
三萜烯醇含量 Triterpene alcohol content	截距Intercept	2 001.86	—	—
	X₂	-76.09	14.83	<0.000 1
	X₁X₂	28.86	94.61	0.008 3
	X₁X₃	-27.65	9.07	0.010 7
	X₁X₄	26.28	8.33	0.014 4
	X₂X₃	65.90	7.53	<0.000 1
	${\mathit{X}}_{1}^{2}$	-29.45	47.31	0.000 8
	${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{2}$	-20.88	16.88	0.010 2
	${\mathit{X}}_{4}^{2}$	-28.68	8.48	0.001 0

条件 Condition	产率/% Yield/%	角鲨烯含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Squalene content/ (mg·kg^-1)	三萜烯醇含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Triterpene alcohol content/(mg·kg^-1)
Y1	23.96±0.63 a	163.25±6.46 c	1 783.32±15.86 c
Y2	16.32±0.74 b	288.89±6.37 a	1 985.33±6.98 b
Y3	12.64±0.36 c	225.88±9.04 b	2 283.50±22.75 a

超临界CO₂萃取山茶籽油工艺优化与氧化稳定性分析

Process optimization and oxidative stability analysis of Camellia oleifera seed oil via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 48

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

水平 Level	变量Variable
水平 Level	X₁/℃	X₂/MPa	X₃/min	X₄/min
-2	35	8	10	12
-1	50	16	20	24
0	65	24	30	36
+1	80	32	40	48
+2	95	40	50	60

实验号 Test number	变量 Variable				产率/% Yield/%	角鲨烯含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Squalene content/ (mg·kg^-1)	三萜烯醇含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Triterpene alcohol content/ (mg·kg^-1)
实验号 Test number	X₁/℃	X₂/MPa	X₃/min	X₄/min	产率/% Yield/%	角鲨烯含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Squalene content/ (mg·kg^-1)	三萜烯醇含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Triterpene alcohol content/ (mg·kg^-1)
1	65	24	30	36	20.02±0.17	278.60±5.02	1 986.71±10.24
2	50	32	20	24	19.68±0.11	302.42±4.99	1 798.62±7.66
3	65	24	30	12	17.44±0.15	337.26±4.34	1 915.35±7.59
4	65	40	30	36	22.86±0.20	221.19±6.09	1 745.68±22.78
5	50	16	40	48	17.93±0.55	245.53±6.99	1 943.53±11.02
6	50	16	20	24	15.96±0.12	312.40±5.67	2 095.02±8.41
7	50	32	40	48	22.23±0.65	247.95±4.77	1 924.05±9.32
8	65	24	30	36	21.52±0.23	282.50±4.30	2 044.01±12.38
9	80	16	20	48	16.53±0.26	297.70±5.19	2 086.06±9.89
10	65	24	30	36	21.50±0.14	312.30±5.25	2 039.44±24.03
11	80	32	40	24	22.27±0.34	276.50±6.40	1 879.04±10.78
12	80	16	20	24	15.15±0.24	343.27±9.56	2 019.08±11.67
13	65	8	30	36	10.72±0.26	266.98±8.01	2 108.32±6.01
14	65	24	50	36	21.77±0.22	268.70±8.48	1 951.43±16.66
15	50	32	40	24	20.30±0.21	277.18±6.09	1 892.65±5.78
16	35	24	30	36	17.72±0.18	238.57±4.75	1 940.16±17.98
17	80	16	40	48	18.65±0.44	284.72±5.49	1 860.19±9.67
18	80	16	40	24	16.47±0.35	314.58±4.32	1 832.45±7.69
19	80	32	20	48	23.09±0.28	270.30±3.69	1 828.60±8.82
20	95	24	30	36	20.94±0.15	271.15±4.68	1 845.26±10.53
21	80	32	20	24	21.66±0.45	283.95±9.76	1 824.33±6.18
22	65	24	30	60	22.63±0.08	266.53±3.66	1 876.26±14.16
23	65	24	30	36	21.53±0.37	292.30±4.90	1 994.05±7.72
24	65	24	30	36	21.04±0.60	277.50±6.49	1 927.08±18.53
25	65	24	10	36	17.97±0.12	324.22±4.56	2 047.35±6.97
26	65	24	30	36	21.39±0.51	300.80±7.05	2 007.66±12.92
27	50	16	40	24	16.43±0.15	284.57±9.56	2 029.05±21.91
28	80	32	40	48	23.51±0.11	256.63±5.93	1 946.21±10.58
29	50	16	20	48	17.12±0.16	270.20±5.15	2 011.22±6.01
30	65	24	30	36	21.03±0.18	314.60±4.41	2 014.10±8.95
31	50	32	20	48	21.18±0.24	268.88±3.81	1 682.15±9.73

条件 Conditions	脂肪酸组分含量/%Contents of fatty acid composition/%													α-生育酚含量/ (mg·kg^-1) α-Tocopherol content/ (mg·kg^-1)	多酚含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Polyphenols content/ (mg·kg^-1)
条件 Conditions	C6: 0	C8: 0	C10: 0	C11: 0	C12: 0	C13: 0	C16: 0	C17: 0	C18: 0	C18: 1顺式 C18:1 cis	C18: 2顺式 C18:2 cis	C18: 3n3	C24: 1	α-生育酚含量/ (mg·kg^-1) α-Tocopherol content/ (mg·kg^-1)	多酚含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Polyphenols content/ (mg·kg^-1)
Y1	0.82	0.68	0.65	0.60	0.51	0.51	7.72	6.56	2.15	64.98	6.41	0.69	0.56	125.49±0.75 b	188.50±2.80 b
Y2	0.76	0.64	0.60	0.56	0.47	0.47	7.72	6.15	2.15	66.28	6.39	0.65	0.52	104.37±0.88 c	126.40±1.50 c
Y3	0.73	0.61	0.58	0.53	0.45	0.45	7.73	6.04	2.17	66.74	6.42	0.64	0.50	134.35±0.39 a	229.60±3.30 a

条件 Conditions	DPPH (IC₅₀)/ (g·L^-1)	ABTS (IC₅₀)/ (g·L^-1)	IP/h
Y1	22.65±0.75 b	75.87±1.02 b	12.89±0.32 a
Y2	30.41±0.88 a	94.79±1.35 a	3.73±0.08 c
Y3	29.91±0.39 a	63.57±0.96 c	8.28±0.19 b

[1]	杨学宇, 牛丽, 谭琳, 邓玉莲, 包强, 胡秋龙. 枯草芽孢杆菌沙漠亚种kc-16培养条件的优化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(12): 2563-2573.
[2]	周毛措, 卢建雄, 郭晓农, 冯玉兰, 柴薇薇, 高鹏飞. 基于响应面法优化藜麦秸秆发酵工艺[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 2020-2030.
[3]	曹乃馨, 罗阳兰, 阎勇, 解修超, 张雯龙. 桑树桑黄JM-1胞外多糖液态培养基优化及其抗氧化性研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1245-1255.
[4]	肖立涵, 辛美果, 卢文静, 叶沁, 张岑, 肖朝耿, 谌迪. 不同贮藏条件对3种花粉源蜂王浆品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1161-1167.
[5]	王海基, 王敏, 卢勇涛, 营雨琨, 王吉亮, 薛理, 秦朝民, 何玉泽. 弹齿链耙式残膜回收机链耙装置的设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(10): 2465-2476.
[6]	谌迪, 肖朝耿, 卢文静, 叶沁, 王飞. 不同热处理方法对休闲松子品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(4): 808-813.
[7]	李红梅, 陆胜民, 郑美瑜, 曹风, 张文娟, 董明盛. 浙江2个主栽枇杷品种加工果膏的品质性状比较[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(10): 2277-2285.
[8]	杨叶爽, 张映萍, 陈伊凡, 张晋, 李欢欢, 陈黎洪, 唐宏刚, 高斌. 响应面法优化复配蛋液配方[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(1): 153-162.
[9]	姜兴粲, 李冰, 杨敏, 张继瑜. 响应面法优化沙拉沙星/β-环糊精包合物制备工艺与稳定性评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 404-412.
[10]	唐晓姝, 胡博, 陈雪梅, 张白曦. 黑果腺肋花楸榨汁工艺研究与果汁品质评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12): 2406-2414.
[11]	杨志, 李文义, 高云涛, 熊华斌, 陈毅坚, 杨慧娟. 响应面法优化针叶樱桃总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(10): 1866-1872.
[12]	曹艳, 夏其乐, 陈剑兵, 单之初. 以浸米水为原料生产细菌纤维素[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(11): 1918-1925.
[13]	江林娟, 邹雪, 黄雪丽, 倪苏, 李立芹, 杨世民. 响应面法优化马铃薯茎段高效再生体系[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(6): 918-925.
[14]	温慧萍, 肖建中, 雷伟敏, 纪佳娜. HPLC结合响应面法优化柳叶蜡梅总黄酮提取工艺及其抑菌活性研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(2): 298-306.
[15]	王储炎, 程俊文, 祝超. 黑芝菌发酵产生胞外多糖的工艺优化及其抗氧化活性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(11): 1938-1945.