亚热带不同母岩成壤过程中金属元素的迁移和积累特点

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2019.12.16

浙江农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 2064-2072.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2019.12.16

亚热带不同母岩成壤过程中金属元素的迁移和积累特点

徐颖菲¹, 张耿苗², 张丽君³, 章明奎^1,*

1.浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 310058;
2.诸暨市农业技术推广中心,浙江诸暨 311800;
3.平阳县农业农村局,浙江平阳 325400

收稿日期:2019-08-12 出版日期:2019-12-25 发布日期:2019-12-25
通讯作者: 章明奎,E-mail:mkzhang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:徐颖菲(1994-),女,浙江绍兴人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤环境质量研究。E-mail:349975064@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0800305)

Migration and accumulation of metal elements during formation of soils derived from different parent rocks in subtropical zone

XU Yingfei¹, ZHANG Gengmiao², ZHANG Lijun³, ZHANG Mingkui^1,*

1. College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhuji City, Zhuji 311800, China;
3. Pingyang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Pingyang 325400, China

Received:2019-08-12 Online:2019-12-25 Published:2019-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解不同岩石风化成壤过程中重金属等元素在土壤剖面中的积累特点,在浙江省选择玄武岩、花岗岩、泥页岩、石灰岩和碳质页岩这5类岩石发育的原位土壤剖面,按发生层采集分层土壤样品和基岩样品,分析主要元素全量组成,并以稳定元素Zr为参照,采用质量平衡法分析了成壤过程中土壤重金属等元素的淋失与积累特点。结果表明,石灰岩发育土壤剖面中重金属元素的淋失和积累明显不同于其他母岩,由石灰岩转变为土壤过程中重金属呈现明显的富集,同时成壤过程中发生了大量重金属等元素的淋失。泥页岩和碳质页岩发育土壤重金属富集不明显,其重金属含量与母岩接近或低于母岩;但碳质页岩因母岩中重金属本底较高,其形成的土壤含较高的重金属。玄武岩和花岗岩发育土壤风化程度高于泥页岩和碳质页岩发育土壤,前者在成壤过程中Si、Ca、K、Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、Ni、Co的淋失高于后者。成壤过程中重金属的平均淋失比例由高至低依次为Hg>As>Cu>Zn>Cd>Ni>Co>Pb>Cr,Cr和Pb的稳定性最高。多数情况下,元素的淋失比例由表土向母质层降低。石灰岩成壤过程中镉的富集和高淋失特点可能是石灰岩分布区土壤镉积累的主要原因。

关键词: 母岩, 土壤剖面, 重金属, 富集, 淋失

Abstract: To understand the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and other elements in soil profiles during weathering of different rocks and soil formation, five types of in situ soil profiles developed from basalt, granite, shale, limestone and carbonaceous shale, respectively, were selected in Zhejiang Province, and both genetic horizon soil samples and bedrock samples were collected for analyzing the total composition of major elements. The leaching and accumulation characteristics of soil heavy metals and other elements during soil formation were analyzed by mass balance method with stable element zirconium as reference. The results showed that the leaching and accumulation of the heavy metals in limestone-developed soil profiles were obviously different from those from other parent rocks. The leaching of heavy metals from limestone to soil was obvious, and most of heavy metals and other elements were enriched during the process of soil formation. Shale-and carbonaceous shale-derived soils were not enriched by heavy metals, and contents of the heavy metals in the soils were close to or lower than those of their parent rocks. However, because of the high background of heavy metals in parent rocks, the soils derived from carbonaceous shale contained higher heavy metals. Because the weathering degree of soils derived from basalt and granite was higher than that of shale and carbonaceous shale, the leaching of Si, Ca, K, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni and Co in the former was higher than that in the latter. The average leaching percentages of heavy metals in the process of soil formation decreased in the order of Hg>As>Cu>Zn>Cd>Ni>Co>Pb >Cr, and the stability of Cr and Pb was the highest. In most cases, the leaching percentages of elements decreased from surface soil to parent material. Cd enrichment and high leaching during formation of limestone-derived soil might be the main causes of cadmium accumulation in soil of limestone distribution area.

Key words: parent rock, soil profile, heavy metals, enrichment, leaching

中图分类号:

S151

徐颖菲, 张耿苗, 张丽君, 章明奎. 亚热带不同母岩成壤过程中金属元素的迁移和积累特点[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(12): 2064-2072.

XU Yingfei, ZHANG Gengmiao, ZHANG Lijun, ZHANG Mingkui. Migration and accumulation of metal elements during formation of soils derived from different parent rocks in subtropical zone[J]. , 2019, 31(12): 2064-2072.

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亚热带不同母岩成壤过程中金属元素的迁移和积累特点

Migration and accumulation of metal elements during formation of soils derived from different parent rocks in subtropical zone

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