基于根区土壤质量指数优化小粒种咖啡滴灌施肥方案

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 566-573.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.17

基于根区土壤质量指数优化小粒种咖啡滴灌施肥方案

孙文艳(), 刘小刚(), 张文慧, 李慧永, 吴朗, 杨启良, 熊国美

昆明理工大学食品科学与工程学院,云南昆明 650500

收稿日期:2021-04-18 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-30
作者简介:*刘小刚,E-mail: liuxiaogangjy@126.com
孙文艳(1995—),女,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,从事节水灌溉理论与新技术研究。E-mail: 3035036800@qq.com
通讯作者: 刘小刚
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51979133);国家自然科学基金(51769010);国家自然科学基金(51469010);云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2021Y116)

Optimization of drip fertigation scheme for Coffea arabica based on soil quality index

SUN Wenyan(), LIU Xiaogang(), ZHANG Wenhui, LI Huiyong, WU Lang, YANG Qiliang, XIONG Guomei

Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2021-04-18 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: LIU Xiaogang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开展3个施肥量(以单株计,F_H 190.8 g,F_M 127.2 g,F_L 63.6 g)和3个灌水量(以单株计,W_H 190.63 L,W_M 158.86 L,W_L 132.90 L)的2因素3水平完全组合试验,选取小粒种咖啡(Coffea arabica)根区土壤硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,细菌、真菌、放线菌数量,以及过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性构建土壤质量指数,基于各处理的土壤质量指数,筛选出适宜的滴灌施肥方案。结果表明,增加灌水量会降低土壤养分含量,而增加施肥量会提高养分含量。F_HW_L处理的土壤养分含量最高,与F_LW_L相比,硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别显著(P<0.05)增加185.7%、422.9%、95.9%。土壤微生物数量和酶活性随着灌水量的增加而增加,随施肥量的增加呈现先增后减趋势。与F_LW_L处理相比,F_MW_H在增加土壤微生物数量和提高土壤酶活性上的作用最明显,细菌、真菌、放线菌含量分别显著(P<0.05)增加176.4%、73.3%、49.2%,过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性分别显著(P<0.05)提高45.1%、24.6%、146.6%。土壤质量指数在F_MW_H处理下最高。据此认为,在试验条件下,适宜的滴灌施肥模式为高水中肥(F_MW_H)。

关键词: 小粒种咖啡, 滴灌施肥, 土壤养分, 土壤微生物, 土壤酶, 土壤质量指数

Abstract:

In the present study, a full combination test with 2 factors (fertilization level and irrigation level) of 3 levels was carried out. Three fertilization levels (based on single plant) were set as F_H 190.8 g, F_M 127.2 g, F_L 63.6 g, and three irrigation levels (based on single plant) were set as W_H 190.63 L, W_M 158.86 L, W_L 132.90 L. Based on the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, and activities of catalase, phosphatase and urease, soil quality index (SQI) was constructed. Based on SQI in the root zone of Coffea arabica under different treatments, the suitable drip fertigation scheme was screened out. It was shown that the increasing irrigation level could decrease soil nutrients contents, yet soil nutrients contents increased with the increasing fertilization level. Among all the treatments, soil nutrients contents under F_HW_L was the highest, and its nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium contents were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 185.7%, 422.9%, 95.9%, respectively, than those of F_LW_L. The microbial (including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) quantity and soil enzymes activities increased with the elevated irrigation level, yet increased first and decreased later with the elevated fertilization level. Compared with F_LW_L, F_MW_H showed the best performance in increasing microbial quantity and improving soil enzymes activities, as the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and activities of catalase, phosphatase, urease were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 176.4%, 73.3%, 49.2%, 45.1%, 24.6%, 146.6%, respectively. The highest SQI was recorded under F_MW_H. Therefore, the most suitable drip fertigation scheme was high irrigation level coupled with medium fertilization level (F_MW_H) under experiment conditions.

Key words: Coffea arabica, drip fertigation, soil nutrients, soil microorganism, soil enzymes, soil quality index

中图分类号:

孙文艳, 刘小刚, 张文慧, 李慧永, 吴朗, 杨启良, 熊国美. 基于根区土壤质量指数优化小粒种咖啡滴灌施肥方案[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(3): 566-573.

SUN Wenyan, LIU Xiaogang, ZHANG Wenhui, LI Huiyong, WU Lang, YANG Qiliang, XIONG Guomei. Optimization of drip fertigation scheme for Coffea arabica based on soil quality index[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(3): 566-573.

图/表 4

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施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	细菌数量 Number of bacteria/(10⁷ CFU·g^-1)				真菌数量 Number of fungi/(10³ g^-1)				放线菌数量 Number of actinomycetes/(10⁵ g^-1)
施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean
F_L	W_L	2.46 e	3.74 e	0.56 e	2.25 e	4.65 e	3.42 e	8.31 e	5.46 e	8.26 f	10.45 e	6.28 e	8.33 e
	W_M	3.48 d	4.56 d	1.54 d	3.19 d	5.64 d	4.27 d	9.36 d	6.43 d	9.27 e	11.54 d	7.45 d	9.42 d
	W_H	4.56 c	5.46 c	2.64 c	4.22 c	6.61 c	5.55 c	10.57 c	7.58 c	10.26 d	12.63 c	8.57 c	10.49 c
F_M	W_L	4.57 c	5.34 c	2.51 c	4.14 c	6.42 c	5.24 c	10.38 c	7.35 c	10.79 c	12.43 c	8.41 c	10.55 c
	W_M	5.52 b	6.50 b	3.30 b	5.11 b	7.46 b	6.60 b	11.40 b	8.49 b	11.62 b	13.56 b	9.59 b	11.59 b
	W_H	6.56 a	7.53 a	4.56 a	6.22 a	8.55 a	7.45 a	12.38 a	9.46 a	12.36 a	14.32 a	10.61 a	12.43 a
F_H	W_L	3.74 d	4.86 d	1.53 d	3.38 d	5.41 d	4.60 d	9.55 d	6.52 d	9.43 e	11.52 d	7.44 d	9.46 d
	W_M	4.47 c	5.58 c	2.41 c	4.15 c	6.62 c	5.43 c	10.42 c	7.49 c	10.38 d	12.68 c	8.51 c	10.52 c
	W_H	5.62 b	6.50 b	3.42 b	5.18 b	7.58 b	6.53 b	11.47 b	8.53 b	11.45 b	13.41 b	9.52 b	11.46 b

施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	细菌数量 Number of bacteria/(10⁷ CFU·g^-1)				真菌数量 Number of fungi/(10³ g^-1)				放线菌数量 Number of actinomycetes/(10⁵ g^-1)
施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean
F_L	W_L	2.46 e	3.74 e	0.56 e	2.25 e	4.65 e	3.42 e	8.31 e	5.46 e	8.26 f	10.45 e	6.28 e	8.33 e
	W_M	3.48 d	4.56 d	1.54 d	3.19 d	5.64 d	4.27 d	9.36 d	6.43 d	9.27 e	11.54 d	7.45 d	9.42 d
	W_H	4.56 c	5.46 c	2.64 c	4.22 c	6.61 c	5.55 c	10.57 c	7.58 c	10.26 d	12.63 c	8.57 c	10.49 c
F_M	W_L	4.57 c	5.34 c	2.51 c	4.14 c	6.42 c	5.24 c	10.38 c	7.35 c	10.79 c	12.43 c	8.41 c	10.55 c
	W_M	5.52 b	6.50 b	3.30 b	5.11 b	7.46 b	6.60 b	11.40 b	8.49 b	11.62 b	13.56 b	9.59 b	11.59 b
	W_H	6.56 a	7.53 a	4.56 a	6.22 a	8.55 a	7.45 a	12.38 a	9.46 a	12.36 a	14.32 a	10.61 a	12.43 a
F_H	W_L	3.74 d	4.86 d	1.53 d	3.38 d	5.41 d	4.60 d	9.55 d	6.52 d	9.43 e	11.52 d	7.44 d	9.46 d
	W_M	4.47 c	5.58 c	2.41 c	4.15 c	6.62 c	5.43 c	10.42 c	7.49 c	10.38 d	12.68 c	8.51 c	10.52 c
	W_H	5.62 b	6.50 b	3.42 b	5.18 b	7.58 b	6.53 b	11.47 b	8.53 b	11.45 b	13.41 b	9.52 b	11.46 b

施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity/ (mL·g^-1)				磷酸酶活性Phosphatase activity/ (mg·g^-1·d^-1)				脲酶活性Urease activity/ (mg·g^-1·d^-1)
施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean
F_L	W_L	1.33 g	1.12 i	1.22 g	1.22 i	61.37 g	45.39 e	76.52 e	61.09 f	0.13 g	0.12 f	0.13 g	0.13 i
	W_M	1.36 f	1.15 h	1.25 f	1.25 h	63.18 fg	48.07 de	79.85 de	63.70 e	0.15 fg	0.14 ef	0.16 fg	0.15 h
	W_H	1.39 e	1.18 g	1.25 f	1.27 g	67.84 de	51.33 cd	81.07 bcd	66.75 cd	0.16 ef	0.15 e	0.18 ef	0.16 g
F_M	W_L	1.92 b	1.71 c	1.51 e	1.72 c	70.68 bc	55.84 ab	80.30 cd	68.94 c	0.29 b	0.26 b	0.29 bc	0.28 c
	W_M	1.95 a	1.75 b	1.55 d	1.75 b	73.54 b	57.32 ab	84.45 bc	71.77 b	0.30 ab	0.29 a	0.31 ab	0.30 b
	W_H	1.97 a	1.78 a	1.57 c	1.77 a	77.99 a	59.45 a	90.99 a	76.14 a	0.32 a	0.31 a	0.33 a	0.32 a
F_H	W_L	1.62 d	1.41 f	1.83 b	1.62 f	66.39 ef	50.38 cd	77.60 de	64.79 d	0.19 de	0.16 d	0.19 e	0.18 f
	W_M	1.63 d	1.45 e	1.85 b	1.64 e	69.16 cde	54.59 bc	81.41 bc	68.39 c	0.21 d	0.18 d	0.23 d	0.21 e
	W_H	1.67 c	1.47 d	1.87 a	1.67 d	72.54 b	56.76 ab	85.01 b	71.44 b	0.26 c	0.23 c	0.27 c	0.25 d

施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity/ (mL·g^-1)				磷酸酶活性Phosphatase activity/ (mg·g^-1·d^-1)				脲酶活性Urease activity/ (mg·g^-1·d^-1)
施肥量 Fertilization level	灌水量 Irrigation level	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean	3月 March	6月 June	9月 September	平均值 Mean
F_L	W_L	1.33 g	1.12 i	1.22 g	1.22 i	61.37 g	45.39 e	76.52 e	61.09 f	0.13 g	0.12 f	0.13 g	0.13 i
	W_M	1.36 f	1.15 h	1.25 f	1.25 h	63.18 fg	48.07 de	79.85 de	63.70 e	0.15 fg	0.14 ef	0.16 fg	0.15 h
	W_H	1.39 e	1.18 g	1.25 f	1.27 g	67.84 de	51.33 cd	81.07 bcd	66.75 cd	0.16 ef	0.15 e	0.18 ef	0.16 g
F_M	W_L	1.92 b	1.71 c	1.51 e	1.72 c	70.68 bc	55.84 ab	80.30 cd	68.94 c	0.29 b	0.26 b	0.29 bc	0.28 c
	W_M	1.95 a	1.75 b	1.55 d	1.75 b	73.54 b	57.32 ab	84.45 bc	71.77 b	0.30 ab	0.29 a	0.31 ab	0.30 b
	W_H	1.97 a	1.78 a	1.57 c	1.77 a	77.99 a	59.45 a	90.99 a	76.14 a	0.32 a	0.31 a	0.33 a	0.32 a
F_H	W_L	1.62 d	1.41 f	1.83 b	1.62 f	66.39 ef	50.38 cd	77.60 de	64.79 d	0.19 de	0.16 d	0.19 e	0.18 f
	W_M	1.63 d	1.45 e	1.85 b	1.64 e	69.16 cde	54.59 bc	81.41 bc	68.39 c	0.21 d	0.18 d	0.23 d	0.21 e
	W_H	1.67 c	1.47 d	1.87 a	1.67 d	72.54 b	56.76 ab	85.01 b	71.44 b	0.26 c	0.23 c	0.27 c	0.25 d

处理 Treatment	隶属函数值Membership function value									SQI
处理 Treatment	硝态氮 Nitrate N	有效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	细菌 Bacteria	真菌 Fungi	放线菌 Actinomycetess	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	磷酸酶 Phosphatase	脲酶 Urease	SQI
F_LW_L	0.15	0.21	0.61	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.10 g
F_LW_M	0.08	0.14	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.27	0.06	0.18	0.11	0.18 f
F_LW_H	0	0.03	0	0.50	0.53	0.53	0.09	0.38	0.20	0.25 e
F_MW_L	0.58	0.24	0.71	0.48	0.47	0.54	0.90	0.53	0.80	0.59 c
F_MW_M	0.49	0.18	0.36	0.72	0.76	0.80	0.95	0.71	0.92	0.66 b
F_MW_H	0.34	0	0.06	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.72 a
F_HW_L	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.28	0.26	0.28	0.72	0.24	0.28	0.56 d
F_HW_M	0.99	0.94	0.99	0.48	0.51	0.53	0.77	0.49	0.42	0.68 b
F_HW_H	0.61	0.75	0.31	0.74	0.77	0.76	0.82	0.69	0.66	0.68 b

基于根区土壤质量指数优化小粒种咖啡滴灌施肥方案

Optimization of drip fertigation scheme for Coffea arabica based on soil quality index

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