长期施用猪粪稻田的重金属迁移规律与累积风险

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1985-1994.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.17

长期施用猪粪稻田的重金属迁移规律与累积风险

王晨¹^,²(), 张敏¹, 王振旗¹^,^*(), 钱晓雍¹, 徐昶¹, 倪远之¹, 李金文¹, 沈根祥¹

1.上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室,上海 200233
2.华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海 200237

收稿日期:2021-08-18 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-09-30
作者简介:*王振旗,E-mail: wangzq@saes.sh.cn
王晨(1999—),女,安徽淮北人,硕士研究生,从事畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用与污染防控技术研究。E-mail: wang19892966@163.com
通讯作者: 王振旗
基金资助:
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07207002);上海市生态环境局科研项目(沪环科〔2021〕第4号)

Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils

WANG Chen¹^,²(), ZHANG Min¹, WANG Zhenqi¹^,^*(), QIAN Xiaoyong¹, XU Chang¹, NI Yuanzhi¹, LI Jinwen¹, SHEN Genxiang¹

1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Received:2021-08-18 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-30
Contact: WANG Zhenqi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在国家大力推进畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用的背景下,为探究长三角地区“猪-稻”种养结合模式猪粪全量还田潜在的农田土壤重金属累积风险问题,对6类特征重金属在“饲料-粪污-土壤”系统中的迁移规律进行了为期5年的连续跟踪监测。结果显示,As、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd等重金属在饲料中均有检出,Cu和Zn含量远高于NY/T 65—2004《猪饲养标准》中的推荐添加量。粪便中各类重金属含量总体呈现“秋冬高、春夏低”的特点,其中,冬季粪便中Cr、Cu、Zn和As的质量浓度最高,分别为115.9、1 150.1、1 630.0、2.62 mg·kg^-1。配套农田耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤中As、Cr、Cd、Cu和Zn的含量表现出明显的累积趋势,其中Cu、Zn的累积效应较明显,平均年累积率分别高达5.13、2.29 mg·kg^-1。各重金属均向深层土壤发生了迁移,Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd总体上呈现出一定的纵向递减的变化规律,但深层土壤中As、Cr的含量有所增加,表现出较为明显的淋溶下移性特点。归趋分析结果显示,稻米中的Cd含量占输入总量的9.11%,远高于其他类型重金属。因此,需要在实际生产中严格控制含Cu、Zn、Cd的饲料添加剂用量,并规范猪粪处理和还田利用方式,降低土壤重金属污染风险。

关键词: 猪粪, 水稻田, 重金属

Abstract:

Resource utilization of livestock manure has been encouraged vigorously in China. To explore the potential risks of heavy metal accumulation in paddy fields under “swine-rice” nutrient management option, a 5-year field-scale experiment was conducted in this study. A swine farm with manure fully treated and returning to field was selected as the case-study farm to monitor and track the migration regularity of six heavy metals in the paddy soil. The results showed that the heavy metals such as As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd were detected in the feed, and the content of Cu and Zn was much higher than the recommended addition amount in NY/T 65-2004 “Standard for Pig Feeding”. The content of heavy metals in the manure showed the characteristics of “high in autumn and winter and low in spring and summer”. Among them, the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and As in the manure in winter were the highest, which were 115.9, 1 150.1, 1 630.0, and 2.62 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The contents of As, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn in the plough layer (0-20 cm) soil of the supporting farmland showed an obvious accumulation trend, while Cu and Zn was accumulated obviously, and the average accumulation rate was as high as 5.13 and 2.29 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Heavy metals all migrated to the deep soil, and Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd generally showed a certain vertical decreasing change, while the content of As and Cr in the deep soil increased, showing a leaching down characteristic. Through the analysis of fate characteristics, it was found that the content of Cd in rice accounted for 9.11% of the total input, which was much higher than the other types of heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of feed additives containing Cu, Zn, and Cd in livestock production and standardize the swine manure disposal and utilization management, to reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils.

Key words: swine manure, paddy field, heavy metals

中图分类号:

S141

王晨, 张敏, 王振旗, 钱晓雍, 徐昶, 倪远之, 李金文, 沈根祥. 长期施用猪粪稻田的重金属迁移规律与累积风险[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(9): 1985-1994.

WANG Chen, ZHANG Min, WANG Zhenqi, QIAN Xiaoyong, XU Chang, NI Yuanzhi, LI Jinwen, SHEN Genxiang. Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(9): 1985-1994.

图/表 8

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编号 No.	粗蛋白质 Crude protein/%	赖氨酸 Lysine/%	有效磷 Available phosphorus/%	粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	年用量 Annual consumption/t	适用阶段 Application stage
2^#	20	1.18	0.70	2.80	30	苗猪Piglet
3^#	19	0.89	0.57	3.94	30	育肥猪Fatten pig
4^#	16	0.87	0.38	6.78	20	大猪Hog
4S^#	12	0.75	0.53	8.93	20	成猪Adult pig

编号 No.	粗蛋白质 Crude protein/%	赖氨酸 Lysine/%	有效磷 Available phosphorus/%	粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	年用量 Annual consumption/t	适用阶段 Application stage
2^#	20	1.18	0.70	2.80	30	苗猪Piglet
3^#	19	0.89	0.57	3.94	30	育肥猪Fatten pig
4^#	16	0.87	0.38	6.78	20	大猪Hog
4S^#	12	0.75	0.53	8.93	20	成猪Adult pig

饲料种类 Feed types	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
2^#	0.04±0.01 a	1.65±0.15 a	1.19±0.17 a	14.2±1.2 a	143.0±10.8 a	236.0±17.6 a
3^#	0.05±0.01 a	0.06±0.01 b	1.19±0.16 a	9.7±0.9 a	131.0±7.8 a	205.3±8.6 a
4^#	0.05±0.01 a	—	1.14±0.19 a	12.9±1.1 a	41.4±4.5 b	190.6±16.2 a
4S^#	—	—	1.20±0.13 a	4.9±0.5 b	50.8±5.3 b	213.0±14.3 a

饲料种类 Feed types	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
2^#	0.04±0.01 a	1.65±0.15 a	1.19±0.17 a	14.2±1.2 a	143.0±10.8 a	236.0±17.6 a
3^#	0.05±0.01 a	0.06±0.01 b	1.19±0.16 a	9.7±0.9 a	131.0±7.8 a	205.3±8.6 a
4^#	0.05±0.01 a	—	1.14±0.19 a	12.9±1.1 a	41.4±4.5 b	190.6±16.2 a
4S^#	—	—	1.20±0.13 a	4.9±0.5 b	50.8±5.3 b	213.0±14.3 a

季节Season	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
秋季Autumn	0.26±0.02 a	2.22±0.13 ab	2.17±0.22 b	49.6±4.1 b	201.9±13.2 c	858.9±56.8 b
冬季Winter	0.24±0.02 a	2.62±0.19 a	4.62±0.43 a	115.9±9.2 a	1 150.1±81.3 a	1 630.0±97.2 a
春季Spring	0.22±0.01 b	1.98±0.09 b	2.51±0.23 b	23.4±2.6 c	434.8±26.8 b	589.5±46.9 b
夏季Summer	0.14±0.01 b	1.67±0.15 b	5.62±0.55 a	22.1±2.1 c	376.8±22.9 b	486.7±42.1 c

长期施用猪粪稻田的重金属迁移规律与累积风险

Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils

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季节Season	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
秋季Autumn	—	0.06±0.01 a	0.12±0.04 b	30.0±3.2 b	20.0±2.3 b	166.0±11.8 a
冬季Winter	0.01±0.01	0.06±0.01 a	0.14±0.05 b	46.7±3.9 a	27.7±2.6 a	165.1±10.2 a
春季Spring	—	0.04±0.01 a	0.11±0.01 b	39.1±3.2 a	26.1±2.4 a	162.3±13.7 a
夏季Summer	—	0.03±0.01 a	0.23±0.03 a	32.5±2.9 b	21.1±2.1 b	163.1±14.2 a

年份 Year	As			Cr			Cd
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	9.0±1.4 a	8.8±0.3 ab	8.3±1.2 b	79.0±7.7 ab	71.9±8.0 b	69.8±7.5 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2016	9.3±0.6 a	8.5±0.4 ab	10.4±0.7 a	92.8±14.6 a	80.6±13.5 b	74.1±14.5 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2017	10.4±0.8 a	8.0±1.0 ab	7.8±0.6 b	78.6±7.4 bc	65.2±7.9 b	70.8±7.8 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2018	8.3±0.7 b	7.8±1.4 b	8.9±0.6 ab	78.1±8.8 c	77.6±7.5 b	77.3±10.7 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2019	9.2±1.2 a	9.7±1.0 a	9.9±0.5 a	97.0±8.0 a	104.7±8.8 a	109.7±8.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
年份 Year	Pb			Cu			Zn
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	25.4±0.6 b	23.4±2.2 d	20.3±0.9 c	25.9±3.7 b	23.8±2.8 b	23.0±3.7 a	94.4±8.2 b	88.0±9.5 a	81.3±5.9 a
2016	26.3±1.7 b	25.3±1.5 d	23.4±1.1 bc	28.5±4.1 b	22.9±1.2 b	22.0±1.5 a	99.1±5.0 b	96.3±6.0 a	85.0±7.6 a
2017	28.3±1.0 b	27.4±2.5 b	25.3±1.9 b	30.3±2.6 b	26.9±2.3 ab	25.7±3.9 a	105.6±4.5 b	78.2±6.0 b	83.9±5.8 a
2018	29.8±1.3 b	27.0±0.8 c	27.3±0.5 b	31.8±2.7 b	27.2±3.0 a	27.2±4.2 a	111.3±11.9 ab	84.1±8.2 b	83.3±6.3 a
2019	32.9±2.1 a	29.0±2.5 a	32.4±3.7 a	37.3±3.5 a	28.7±3.1 a	29.3±1.5 a	120.0±11.8 a	87.0±7.2 a	89.3±10.4 a

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年份 Year	As			Cr			Cd
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	5.1±0.9 b	5.5±0.5 b	5.3±0.8 b	65.6±0.8 b	64.6±5.7 b	66.0±4.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2016	5.5±0.0 b	5.9±0.4 b	5.2±0.1 b	64.9±5.4 b	65.3±1.8 b	66.6±1.2 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2017	5.6±0.8 b	6.3±1.1 a	7.5±0.4 a	69.1±2.6 a	77.0±2.3 a	69.6±3.7 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2018	7.0±0.6 a	6.6±0.4 a	7.0±0.1 a	61.5±2.1 b	70.5±4.8 a	77.4±3.7 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2019	6.6±0.4 a	8.3±0.4 a	7.5±1.0 a	72.4±2.8 a	69.6±1.9 a	69.9±0.4 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
年份 Year	Pb			Cu			Zn
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	24.3±2.2 b	23.5±0.6 b	22.3±1.2 b	22.4±0.9 b	21.3±0.1 b	21.4±0.3 b	78.5±6.1 b	71.2±5.8 ab	70.3±4.5 a
2016	26.4±1.4 b	24.8±0.9 b	22.8±0.2 b	21.5±1.2 b	19.9±0.6 b	22.1±0.8 b	75.5±3.3 b	70.3±3.7 ab	70.6±1.6 a
2017	24.7±0.4 b	22.6±2.1 b	23.2±1.7 b	24.1±0.4 ab	24.2±0.3 a	23.4±1.9 b	76.0±5.9 b	67.8±5.0 b	67.4±4.8 a
2018	23.0±3.1 b	30.9±1.9 a	33.9±1.7 a	28.3±2.2 a	24.3±1.4 a	25.0±1.3 a	77.9±2.7 b	73.0±3.9 ab	76.5±4.7 a
2019	35.6±0.4 a	37.6±3.8 a	25.4±1.1 ab	27.0±1.5 a	25.3±2.7 a	25.2±0.1 a	85.0±3.3 a	80.0±5.2 a	79.0±2.5 a

年份 Year	As			Cr			Cd
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	5.1±0.9 b	5.5±0.5 b	5.3±0.8 b	65.6±0.8 b	64.6±5.7 b	66.0±4.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2016	5.5±0.0 b	5.9±0.4 b	5.2±0.1 b	64.9±5.4 b	65.3±1.8 b	66.6±1.2 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2017	5.6±0.8 b	6.3±1.1 a	7.5±0.4 a	69.1±2.6 a	77.0±2.3 a	69.6±3.7 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2018	7.0±0.6 a	6.6±0.4 a	7.0±0.1 a	61.5±2.1 b	70.5±4.8 a	77.4±3.7 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2019	6.6±0.4 a	8.3±0.4 a	7.5±1.0 a	72.4±2.8 a	69.6±1.9 a	69.9±0.4 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
年份 Year	Pb			Cu			Zn
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	24.3±2.2 b	23.5±0.6 b	22.3±1.2 b	22.4±0.9 b	21.3±0.1 b	21.4±0.3 b	78.5±6.1 b	71.2±5.8 ab	70.3±4.5 a
2016	26.4±1.4 b	24.8±0.9 b	22.8±0.2 b	21.5±1.2 b	19.9±0.6 b	22.1±0.8 b	75.5±3.3 b	70.3±3.7 ab	70.6±1.6 a
2017	24.7±0.4 b	22.6±2.1 b	23.2±1.7 b	24.1±0.4 ab	24.2±0.3 a	23.4±1.9 b	76.0±5.9 b	67.8±5.0 b	67.4±4.8 a
2018	23.0±3.1 b	30.9±1.9 a	33.9±1.7 a	28.3±2.2 a	24.3±1.4 a	25.0±1.3 a	77.9±2.7 b	73.0±3.9 ab	76.5±4.7 a
2019	35.6±0.4 a	37.6±3.8 a	25.4±1.1 ab	27.0±1.5 a	25.3±2.7 a	25.2±0.1 a	85.0±3.3 a	80.0±5.2 a	79.0±2.5 a