不同遮光率对甜樱桃果实品质和光合特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221338

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2346-2353.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221338

不同遮光率对甜樱桃果实品质和光合特性的影响

唐文静¹(), 龚荣高¹^,^*(), 初元琦¹, 陈超群¹, 陈红旭¹, 冉茂升², 张瑶¹, 杨文龙¹

1.四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都 611130
2.汶川县科学技术和农业畜牧局,四川汶川 623000

收稿日期:2022-09-14 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-31
作者简介:唐文静(1997—),女,四川广安人,硕士研究生,主要从事果树栽培研究。E-mail:371812596@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*龚荣高,E-mail: gongronggao@sicau.edu.cn
基金资助:
四川省重点研发项目(2021YFN0081);四川省重点研发项目(2021YFN0082)

Effects of different shading rates on fruit quality and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry

TANG Wenjing¹(), GONG Ronggao¹^,^*(), CHU Yuanqi¹, CHEN Chaoqun¹, CHEN Hongxu¹, RAN Maosheng², ZHANG Yao¹, YANG Wenlong¹

1. College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130,China
2. Wenchuan County Bureau of Science and Technology, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Wenchuan 623000, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-09-14 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究不同遮光强度对甜樱桃果实品质和光合特性的影响,筛选最适甜樱桃生长的光照条件。以红灯为材料,使用遮阳网覆盖树体顶端模拟不同光照强度,设全光照(CK)、遮光率15%(A)、遮光率30%(B)、遮光率45%(C)和遮光率60%(D)共5个处理,分析不同遮光处理对甜樱桃叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)、光饱和点(LSP)和果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)A处理甜樱桃果实糖酸比显著高于其他处理,随遮光率上升,花青素、抗氧化能力和总酚先上升后下降且A处理与CK处理差异不显著;甜樱桃叶片叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素含量表现为D>C>B>A>CK和C>D>B>CK>A。(2)随遮光率上升,净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)和光饱和点(LSP)先上升后下降;A处理光合能力最强,而B、C和D处理的光能严重缺乏限制了其生长发育;(3)随着遮光率上升,A和B处理与CK处理色泽参数明度(L)、红绿值(a)和黄蓝值(b)差异不显著,C和D处理色泽参数明度(L)、红绿值(a)和黄蓝值(b)较对照显著上升,色差规律同色泽。说明轻度遮光有利于提升商品性,且遮光度在15%以内最佳。

关键词: 甜樱桃, 品质, 光合特性, 遮光率

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different shading intensity on fruit quality and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry, and to screen the optimal light conditions for the growth of sweet cherry, with Hongdeng as the material, the top of the tree was covered with sunshade net to simulate five treatments of full illumination (CK), shading rate 15% (A), shading rate 30% (B), shading rate 45% (C) and shading rate 60% (D) under different light intensities. To analyze the effects of different shading treatments on photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (R_d), light saturation point (LSP) and fruit quality of sweet cherry leaves. The results showed as follows: The sugar-acid ratio of sweet cherry fruits in treatment A was significantly higher than that in other treatments. With the increase of shading rate, anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity and total phenol increased first and then decreased, and there was no significant difference between treatment A and CK. The total amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid content of sweet cherry leaves were D>C>B>A>CK and C>D>B>CK>A. With the increase of shading rate, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (R_d) and light saturation point (LSP) increased first and then decreased. The photosynthetic capacity of treatment A was the strongest, while the growth and development of treatment B, C and D were limited by the severe lack of light energy. With the increase of shading rate, the color parameters lightness (L), red green (a) and yellow blue (b) values of A and B treatments and CK treatments were not significantly different, while the color parameters of C and D treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. The color difference pattern was the same as the color. It indicates that light shading is beneficial to improve the commercial property, and the best shading degree is within 15%.

Key words: sweet cherry, quality, photosynthetic characteristic, shading rate

中图分类号:

S662.5

唐文静, 龚荣高, 初元琦, 陈超群, 陈红旭, 冉茂升, 张瑶, 杨文龙. 不同遮光率对甜樱桃果实品质和光合特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(10): 2346-2353.

TANG Wenjing, GONG Ronggao, CHU Yuanqi, CHEN Chaoqun, CHEN Hongxu, RAN Maosheng, ZHANG Yao, YANG Wenlong. Effects of different shading rates on fruit quality and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(10): 2346-2353.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/(mg·g^-1)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/(mg·g^-1)	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
CK	103.52±4.27 a	5.49±0.10 b	18.86±0.59 b
A	106.58±5.32 a	4.84±0.11 c	22.00±2.40 a
B	103.73±0.88 a	5.94±0.05 a	17.45±0.40 b
C	100.13±1.86 a	5.75±0.01 ab	17.41±0.52 b
D	84.57±4.88 b	5.06±0.04 c	16.73±1.19 b

处理 Treatment	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/(mg·g^-1)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/(mg·g^-1)	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
CK	103.52±4.27 a	5.49±0.10 b	18.86±0.59 b
A	106.58±5.32 a	4.84±0.11 c	22.00±2.40 a
B	103.73±0.88 a	5.94±0.05 a	17.45±0.40 b
C	100.13±1.86 a	5.75±0.01 ab	17.41±0.52 b
D	84.57±4.88 b	5.06±0.04 c	16.73±1.19 b

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content	叶绿素总含量 Total chlorophyll content	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoids content
CK	1.073±0.031 b	0.475±0.005 b	1.549±0.026 c	0.525±0.003 b
A	1.089±0.005 b	0.463±0.005 b	1.552±0.008 c	0.493±0.016 b
B	1.208±0.015 a	0.463±0.003 b	1.670±0.017 b	0.533±0.010 b
C	1.202±0.019 a	0.493±0.015 b	1.695±0.006 b	0.664±0.044 a
D	1.223±0.037 a	0.578±0.075 a	1.801±0.040 a	0.652±0.071 a

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content	叶绿素总含量 Total chlorophyll content	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoids content
CK	1.073±0.031 b	0.475±0.005 b	1.549±0.026 c	0.525±0.003 b
A	1.089±0.005 b	0.463±0.005 b	1.552±0.008 c	0.493±0.016 b
B	1.208±0.015 a	0.463±0.003 b	1.670±0.017 b	0.533±0.010 b
C	1.202±0.019 a	0.493±0.015 b	1.695±0.006 b	0.664±0.044 a
D	1.223±0.037 a	0.578±0.075 a	1.801±0.040 a	0.652±0.071 a

处理	P_n/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	T_r/(mol·m^-2·s^-1)	G_s/(mol·m^-2·s^-1)	C_i/(μmol ·mol^-1)	T/℃
Treatment
CK	11.097 1±0.062 1 b	0.001 2±0.001 1 b	0.140 4±0.001 6 b	243.926 6±2.307 3 a	30.200 0±1.000 a
A	12.323 6±0.163 1 a	0.001 4±0.004 0 a	0.151 8±0.004 1 a	244.943 6±1.553 3 a	28.300 0±1.100 b
B	10.953 3±0.248 5 b	0.001 2±0.003 4 b	0.124 4±0.003 7 c	234.481 7±1.093 6 b	25.300 0±0.900 c
C	10.160 9±0.171 4 c	0.001 1±0.001 3 c	0.126 1±0.001 6 c	247.407 5±3.877 6 a	25.200 0±0.700 c
D	8.424 9±0.136 0 d	0.000 9±0.001 0 d	0.098 0±0.001 0 d	241.549 4±1.724 6 a	24.600 0±0.500 c

不同遮光率对甜樱桃果实品质和光合特性的影响

Effects of different shading rates on fruit quality and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry

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处理 Treatment	AQY	P_n (max)/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	LSP/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	LCP/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	R_d/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
CK	0.081 5±0.001 5 b	11.319 6±0.090 0 b	961.420 6±45.593 6 ab	27.492 2±0.500 5 a	2.005 5±0.000 6 a
A	0.089 1±0.000 4 a	13.758 6±0.266 5 a	1 069.426 7±22.457 9 a	28.868 0±1.102 1 a	2.314 6±0.068 5 a
B	0.078 6±0.000 1 b	10.786 8±0.056 8 b	912.118 6±73.851 6 ab	14.955 8±2.818 7 b	1.096 7±0.193 1 b
C	0.070 7±0.001 3 c	8.374 0±0.434 7 c	752.342 2±95.986 7 b	9.695 9±0.591 0 c	0.650 6±0.027 4 c
D	0.069 1±0.001 9 c	7.121 1±0.178 5 d	737.983 5±25.311 7 b	9.269 9±0.038 0 c	0.604 9±0.013 5 c

处理 Treatment	数量 Quantity	明度L Lightness	红绿值a Red green degree	黄蓝值b Yellow blue degree
CK	20	26.16±1.82 c	15.69±3.45 b	4.06±1.11 b
A	20	26.63±1.46 c	19.06±4.58 b	1.41±1.74 b
B	20	25.95±1.86 c	14.35±2.99 b	3.77±0.91 b
C	20	30.64±2.93 b	27.95±4.43 a	9.40±2.96 a
D	20	32.94±2.14 a	34.14±5.21 a	13.34±3.36 a

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处理 Treatment	CK	A	B	C
A	4.31
B	1.39	5.31
C	14.10	12.61	15.45
D	21.74	20.24	23.07	7.69

处理 Treatment	CK	A	B	C
A	4.31
B	1.39	5.31
C	14.10	12.61	15.45
D	21.74	20.24	23.07	7.69