高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231059

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 1469-1480.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231059

高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征

沈升法(), 项超, 孟羽莎, 李兵, 吴列洪^*()

浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2023-09-07 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-08-05
作者简介:沈升法(1969—),男,浙江富阳人,学士,副研究员,从事薯类育种与栽培研究。E-mail: 3398809937@qq.com
通讯作者: *吴列洪,E-mail: zwsgsz@mail.zaas.cn
基金资助:
浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02064-1);浙江省领雁计划(2022C02041);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作项目(2022SNJF008)

Breeding, yield and quality characteristics of Zheshu 86, a sweetpotato variety with high photosynthetic efficiency

SHEN Shengfa(), XIANG Chao, MENG Yusha, LI Bing, WU Liehong^*()

Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-09-07 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塑造理想株型是实现作物产量突破和高光效育种的基础和重要途径。采用半直立、优质双亲——淀粉型品种浙薯20和食用型地方品种岳冬进行杂交选育,以理想株型、高产、优质为主要选择目标,育成高光效品种浙薯86。该品种具有理想株型的形态特征,短蔓,基部分枝数多,由较多的直立次生分枝构成半直立株型,垄上株高优势明显,形成较高的冠层空间,叶面积指数高,七裂中等深缺刻叶形,叶片较小而厚,上部叶茎叶夹角小,叶势上冲明显,单株结薯数较多,光合效率和经济系数高,表现出优良的早熟性和丰产性。在浙江省和长江中下游甘薯品种区试中,浙薯86每年的鲜薯产量均居所有参试品种之首,鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量均比对照徐薯22增产30%左右。浙薯86的块根β-淀粉酶活性高,蒸熟后麦芽糖和可溶性糖含量高,食味优,淀粉率较高,且淀粉的峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值高,糊化温度低,适合用于鲜食、薯脯和淀粉加工。浙薯86适应性广,抗蔓割病,中抗黑斑病、根腐病、Ⅱ型薯瘟病,感茎线虫病、Ⅰ型薯瘟病和基腐病。综上,浙薯86是一个优质、高产、多用途的高光效甘薯品种,适宜在长江中下游地区种植,不宜在浙东南基腐病重疫区推广。

关键词: 甘薯, 高光效育种, 理想株型, 高产, 淀粉特性, 适应性

Abstract:

Shaping ideotype is the foundation and important way to achieve crop yield breakthroughs and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding. The sweetpotato parents with semi-erect and high quality, a starch variety Zheshu 20 and an edible local variety Yuedong, were used for cross-breeding, with ideotype, high yield and high quality as the main selection objectives, and the variety Zheshu 86 with high photosynthetic efficiency was bred. This variety had the morphological characteristics of an ideotype with short vines and a large number of base branches, forming a semi-erect plant type with more vertical secondary branches and a higher canopy space by the obvious advantages of plant height on ridge. Zheshu 86 had high leaf area index, medium depth split leaf shape with seven lobe, smaller and thick leaves, small stem-leaf angle of upper leaves, obvious leaf upthrust and more storage roots per plant. Based on the above advantages and characteristics, Zheshu 86 had higher photosynthetic efficiency and economic coefficient, and exhibited excellent early maturity and high yield. In the sweetpotato variety regional trials of Zhejiang Province and the Yangtze Plain, the annual yield of fresh storage root ranked first among all the tested varieties, with the yields of fresh storage root, dry storage root and starch increasing by about 30% compared with Xushu 22. The storage roots had high β-amylase activity, high content of maltose and soluble sugar after steaming, good taste, high starch content and good starch properties of high peak viscosity, high breakdown value and setback value, as well as low pasting temperature, so Zheshu 86 was suitable for fresh food, preserved potato, and starch processing. The variety had wide adaptability and was resistant to fusarium wilt, moderately resistant to black rot, root rot, and type Ⅱ bactrium wilt, and susceptible to stem nematode, type Ⅰ bactrium wilt, and foot rot. Zheshu 86 was a high quality, high yield and multi-purpose sweetpotato variety with high light efficiency, which was suitable for planting in Yangtze Plain areas, except for the severely affected areas of foot rot in southeastern Zhejiang.

Key words: sweetpotato, high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, ideotype, high yield, starch property, adaptability

中图分类号:

S531

沈升法, 项超, 孟羽莎, 李兵, 吴列洪. 高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1469-1480.

SHEN Shengfa, XIANG Chao, MENG Yusha, LI Bing, WU Liehong. Breeding, yield and quality characteristics of Zheshu 86, a sweetpotato variety with high photosynthetic efficiency[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1469-1480.

图/表 9

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材料 Material	鲜薯产量 Fresh storage root yield/ (t·hm^-2)	干物率 Dry matter content/ %	果糖含量 Fructose content/ (mg·g^-1)	葡萄糖含量 Glucose content/ (mg·g^-1)	蔗糖含量 Sucrose content/ (mg·g^-1)	麦芽糖含量 Maltose content/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ (mg·g^-1)	得分 Score
材料 Material	鲜薯产量 Fresh storage root yield/ (t·hm^-2)	干物率 Dry matter content/ %	果糖含量 Fructose content/ (mg·g^-1)	葡萄糖含量 Glucose content/ (mg·g^-1)	蔗糖含量 Sucrose content/ (mg·g^-1)	麦芽糖含量 Maltose content/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ (mg·g^-1)	甜度 Sweet- ness	黏度 Visco- sity	香味 Frag- rance	粗纤维 Crude fibre	食味总评 Overall taste
浙薯20(♀) Zheshu 20	33.14± 2.86 c	35.72± 0.81 a	5.47± 0.76 c	5.88± 0.86 d	19.75± 1.52 a	130.31± 1.87 b	161.41± 4.41 b	79.7± 0.6 c	73.3± 0.7 d	79.5± 0.5 c	79.3± 0.8 b	79.3± 0.3 b
岳冬(♂) Yuedong	36.45± 3.19 c	27.77± 0.38 c	7.86± 0.89 b	9.19± 0.92 b	18.88± 1.78 a	121.62± 2.51 c	157.55± 3.28 b	80.5± 0.4 b	82.3± 0.4 a	80.3± 0.3 b	83.0± 0.4 a	81.3± 0.6 a
F₁平均值 Average of F₁	43.57± 4.12 b	32.92± 0.67 b	5.79± 0.48 c	7.27± 0.52 c	20.54± 1.92 a	99.13± 2.52 d	132.74± 3.98 c	78.2± 0.4 d	77.4± 0.7 c	78.6± 0.4 d	79.5± 0.6 b	78.4± 0.4 c
浙薯86 Zheshu 86	50.61± 3.79 a	32.75± 0.49 b	9.45± 0.72 a	11.09± 0.79 a	18.43± 1.24 a	138.75± 2.38 a	177.71± 4.29 a	81.3± 0.6 a	79.7± 0.2 b	82.3± 0.6 a	79.7± 0.5 b	81.7± 0.4 a

材料 Material	鲜薯产量 Fresh storage root yield/ (t·hm^-2)	干物率 Dry matter content/ %	果糖含量 Fructose content/ (mg·g^-1)	葡萄糖含量 Glucose content/ (mg·g^-1)	蔗糖含量 Sucrose content/ (mg·g^-1)	麦芽糖含量 Maltose content/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ (mg·g^-1)	得分 Score
材料 Material	鲜薯产量 Fresh storage root yield/ (t·hm^-2)	干物率 Dry matter content/ %	果糖含量 Fructose content/ (mg·g^-1)	葡萄糖含量 Glucose content/ (mg·g^-1)	蔗糖含量 Sucrose content/ (mg·g^-1)	麦芽糖含量 Maltose content/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ (mg·g^-1)	甜度 Sweet- ness	黏度 Visco- sity	香味 Frag- rance	粗纤维 Crude fibre	食味总评 Overall taste
浙薯20(♀) Zheshu 20	33.14± 2.86 c	35.72± 0.81 a	5.47± 0.76 c	5.88± 0.86 d	19.75± 1.52 a	130.31± 1.87 b	161.41± 4.41 b	79.7± 0.6 c	73.3± 0.7 d	79.5± 0.5 c	79.3± 0.8 b	79.3± 0.3 b
岳冬(♂) Yuedong	36.45± 3.19 c	27.77± 0.38 c	7.86± 0.89 b	9.19± 0.92 b	18.88± 1.78 a	121.62± 2.51 c	157.55± 3.28 b	80.5± 0.4 b	82.3± 0.4 a	80.3± 0.3 b	83.0± 0.4 a	81.3± 0.6 a
F₁平均值 Average of F₁	43.57± 4.12 b	32.92± 0.67 b	5.79± 0.48 c	7.27± 0.52 c	20.54± 1.92 a	99.13± 2.52 d	132.74± 3.98 c	78.2± 0.4 d	77.4± 0.7 c	78.6± 0.4 d	79.5± 0.6 b	78.4± 0.4 c
浙薯86 Zheshu 86	50.61± 3.79 a	32.75± 0.49 b	9.45± 0.72 a	11.09± 0.79 a	18.43± 1.24 a	138.75± 2.38 a	177.71± 4.29 a	81.3± 0.6 a	79.7± 0.2 b	82.3± 0.6 a	79.7± 0.5 b	81.7± 0.4 a

项目 Item	浙薯86 Zheshu 86	浙薯13 Zheshu 13	浙薯103 Zheshu 103	浙薯118 Zheshu 118
最长蔓长Length of the longest vine/cm	102.7±8.1 c	187.3±15.6 a	125.8±6.4 b	135.5±12.4 b
基部分枝数Number of base branches	10.8±1.8 a	7.8±1.7 b	8.2±1.7 b	11.6±1.7 a
节间长Length between nodes/cm	2.8±0.4 c	6.3±0.4 a	3.8±0.3 b	3.8±0.2 b
茎粗Diameter of stem/mm	7.1±0.2 b	7.6±0.3 b	8.4±0.5 a	6.0±0.4 c
单株绿叶数Number of green leaves per plant	132.5±22.3 a	96.6±21.3 b	80.4±16.9 b	134.4±20.2 a
叶片长度×宽度Length×width of leaf/cm²	179.85±20.18 a	169.39±22.19 a	180.24±21.98 a	99.16±18.53 b
单叶面积Single leaf area/cm²	77.32±11.43 b	98.19±12.32 a	111.62±11.89 a	50.56±10.38 c
叶面积校正系数Leaf area correction factor	0.43±0.01 c	0.58±0.03 a	0.62±0.03 a	0.51±0.02 b
叶片厚度Leaf thickness/(mg·cm^-2)	23.56±1.42 a	20.53±1.14 c	20.85±0.97 bc	22.54±1.36 ab
叶面积指数Leaf area index	5.69±0.77 a	5.27±0.70 a	4.98±0.65 a	3.78±0.57 b
直立分枝数Number of vertical branches	4.2±1.0 a	0.8±0.7 b	1.4±1.0 b	1.4±0.5 b
垄上株高Height of plant on ridge/cm	49.5±5.0 a	44.8±1.6 a	36.2±1.8 b	33.3±4.1 b
垄间株高Height of plant between ridges/cm	42.3±3.2 b	52.5±4.2 a	48.0±2.7 a	42.8±4.1 b
叶柄长度Length of petiole/cm	20.2±3.8 b	29.8±1.3 a	20.7±3.7 b	15.1±1.4 c
叶柄开展度Petiole spread	0.63±0.12 b	0.93±0.02 a	0.91±0.03 a	0.94±0.04 a
叶片开展度Leaf spread	0.86±0.03 b	0.94±0.03 a	0.91±0.03 a	0.93±0.02 a
垄上透光率Light transmittance on ridge/%	6.81±1.05 a	1.93±0.59 b	7.51±2.06 a	8.77±2.47 a
垄间透光率Light transmittance between ridges/%	2.08±0.49 ab	0.96±0.38 b	2.10±0.81 ab	2.96±1.33 a
单株结薯数Root number per plant	4.6±0.6 ab	3.7±1.2 b	5.3±1.1 a	5.6±1.1 a
鲜薯产量Fresh storage root yield/(t·hm^-2)	39.96±3.16 a	21.59±1.67 c	42.59±2.23 a	28.43±1.70 b
薯干产量Dry storage root yield/(t·hm^-2)	13.11±1.01 a	7.57±0.59 d	11.02±0.59 b	9.68±0.58 c
生物量Biomass/(t·hm^-2)	19.36±1.24 a	15.59±1.29 c	17.33±0.88 b	15.03±1.03 c
光合势Leaf area duration/(10⁶m²·d·hm^-2)	3.41±0.46 a	3.16±0.41 a	2.99±0.40 a	2.27±0.39 b
净同化率Net assimilation rate/(g·m^-2·d^-1)	5.67±0.39 b	4.93±0.32 c	5.80±0.38 b	6.63±0.42 a
经济系数Economic coefficient	0.677±0.045 a	0.486±0.039 b	0.636±0.024 a	0.644±0.035 a

项目 Item	浙薯86 Zheshu 86	浙薯13 Zheshu 13	浙薯103 Zheshu 103	浙薯118 Zheshu 118
最长蔓长Length of the longest vine/cm	102.7±8.1 c	187.3±15.6 a	125.8±6.4 b	135.5±12.4 b
基部分枝数Number of base branches	10.8±1.8 a	7.8±1.7 b	8.2±1.7 b	11.6±1.7 a
节间长Length between nodes/cm	2.8±0.4 c	6.3±0.4 a	3.8±0.3 b	3.8±0.2 b
茎粗Diameter of stem/mm	7.1±0.2 b	7.6±0.3 b	8.4±0.5 a	6.0±0.4 c
单株绿叶数Number of green leaves per plant	132.5±22.3 a	96.6±21.3 b	80.4±16.9 b	134.4±20.2 a
叶片长度×宽度Length×width of leaf/cm²	179.85±20.18 a	169.39±22.19 a	180.24±21.98 a	99.16±18.53 b
单叶面积Single leaf area/cm²	77.32±11.43 b	98.19±12.32 a	111.62±11.89 a	50.56±10.38 c
叶面积校正系数Leaf area correction factor	0.43±0.01 c	0.58±0.03 a	0.62±0.03 a	0.51±0.02 b
叶片厚度Leaf thickness/(mg·cm^-2)	23.56±1.42 a	20.53±1.14 c	20.85±0.97 bc	22.54±1.36 ab
叶面积指数Leaf area index	5.69±0.77 a	5.27±0.70 a	4.98±0.65 a	3.78±0.57 b
直立分枝数Number of vertical branches	4.2±1.0 a	0.8±0.7 b	1.4±1.0 b	1.4±0.5 b
垄上株高Height of plant on ridge/cm	49.5±5.0 a	44.8±1.6 a	36.2±1.8 b	33.3±4.1 b
垄间株高Height of plant between ridges/cm	42.3±3.2 b	52.5±4.2 a	48.0±2.7 a	42.8±4.1 b
叶柄长度Length of petiole/cm	20.2±3.8 b	29.8±1.3 a	20.7±3.7 b	15.1±1.4 c
叶柄开展度Petiole spread	0.63±0.12 b	0.93±0.02 a	0.91±0.03 a	0.94±0.04 a
叶片开展度Leaf spread	0.86±0.03 b	0.94±0.03 a	0.91±0.03 a	0.93±0.02 a
垄上透光率Light transmittance on ridge/%	6.81±1.05 a	1.93±0.59 b	7.51±2.06 a	8.77±2.47 a
垄间透光率Light transmittance between ridges/%	2.08±0.49 ab	0.96±0.38 b	2.10±0.81 ab	2.96±1.33 a
单株结薯数Root number per plant	4.6±0.6 ab	3.7±1.2 b	5.3±1.1 a	5.6±1.1 a
鲜薯产量Fresh storage root yield/(t·hm^-2)	39.96±3.16 a	21.59±1.67 c	42.59±2.23 a	28.43±1.70 b
薯干产量Dry storage root yield/(t·hm^-2)	13.11±1.01 a	7.57±0.59 d	11.02±0.59 b	9.68±0.58 c
生物量Biomass/(t·hm^-2)	19.36±1.24 a	15.59±1.29 c	17.33±0.88 b	15.03±1.03 c
光合势Leaf area duration/(10⁶m²·d·hm^-2)	3.41±0.46 a	3.16±0.41 a	2.99±0.40 a	2.27±0.39 b
净同化率Net assimilation rate/(g·m^-2·d^-1)	5.67±0.39 b	4.93±0.32 c	5.80±0.38 b	6.63±0.42 a
经济系数Economic coefficient	0.677±0.045 a	0.486±0.039 b	0.636±0.024 a	0.644±0.035 a

试点 Place	浙薯86产量 Zheshu 86 yield/(t·hm^-2)			浙薯13(CK)产量 Zheshu 13 yield/(t·hm^-2)			增产 Increase/%
试点 Place	2020	2021	平均Average	2020	2021	平均Average	2020	2021	平均Average
杭州Hangzhou	35.27	37.44	36.35	26.50	26.70	26.60	33.07	40.20	36.65
衢州Quzhou	66.16	57.55	61.86	57.31	48.44	52.87	15.45	18.82	17.00
金华Jinhua	50.73	40.39	45.56	36.42	34.41	35.41	39.29	17.39	28.65
温州Wenzhou	34.37	25.80	30.08	29.43	23.47	26.45	16.76	9.94	13.74
宁波Ningbo	19.37	30.80	25.09	20.31	21.85	21.08	-4.65	40.96	18.99
平均Average	41.18	38.40	39.79	34.00	30.97	32.48	21.13	23.97	22.48

高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征

Breeding, yield and quality characteristics of Zheshu 86, a sweetpotato variety with high photosynthetic efficiency

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年份 Year	试点 Place	浙薯86产量 Zheshu 86 yield/(t·hm^-2)			徐薯22(CK)产量 Xushu 22 yield/(t·hm^-2)			增产 Increase/%
年份 Year	试点 Place	FY	DY	SY	FY	DY	SY	FY	DY	SY
2021	长沙Changsha	39.08	12.29	8.23	31.86	9.81	6.55	22.66	25.19	25.78
	武汉Wuhan	48.81	14.39	9.41	25.16	6.30	3.88	93.96	128.59	142.88
	南昌Nanchang	39.67	13.95	9.61	27.25	9.77	6.77	45.59	42.79	42.01
	杭州Hangzhou	42.08	13.48	9.05	31.11	9.96	6.68	35.26	35.37	35.43
	合肥Hefei	25.83	6.78	4.25	15.83	3.97	2.44	63.15	70.84	74.03
	南京Nanjing	41.33	12.58	8.31	36.55	12.23	8.31	13.08	2.82	0.00
	徐州Xuzhou	32.96	8.39	5.20	28.49	7.96	5.12	15.67	5.37	1.73
	平均Average	38.54	11.69	7.72	28.04	8.57	5.68	37.45	36.42	36.06
2022	长沙Changsha	32.87	10.95	7.44	29.49	10.28	7.09	11.46	6.51	5.01
	武汉Wuhan	32.19	8.48	5.33	18.27	5.24	3.39	76.18	61.86	56.97
	南昌Nanchang	36.16	12.21	8.31	34.96	12.77	8.88	3.43	-4.39	-6.48
	杭州Hangzhou	40.56	14.06	9.65	28.83	8.95	5.95	40.68	57.07	62.21
	合肥Hefei	32.07	8.85	5.66	24.86	7.19	4.67	28.99	23.17	21.27
	南京Nanjing	47.68	14.57	9.65	35.29	10.65	7.02	35.11	36.9	37.47
	徐州Xuzhou	28.68	7.33	4.55	25.28	6.72	4.11	13.48	9.06	10.83
	平均Average	35.74	10.92	7.23	28.14	8.83	5.87	27.02	23.67	23.06
2年平均Average of 2021—2022		37.14	11.31	7.48	28.09	8.70	5.78	32.23	30.00	29.45

品种 Variety	峰值黏度 PKV/cP	谷值黏度 THV/cP	最终黏度 FLV/cP	崩解值 BDV/cP	回生值 SBV/cP	糊化温度 PAT/℃	峰值温度 PKT/℃	β-淀粉酶活性 BAA/ (U·g^-1)	蒸薯麦芽糖含量 MSR/ (mg·g^-1)	蒸薯可溶性糖含量 SSR/ (mg·g^-1)
浙薯86 Zheshu 86	4 683.0± 81.4 bc	2 068.0± 13.5 d	2 892.3± 31.7 bc	2 615.0± 68.4 b	824.3± 43.1 a	74.0± 0.4 e	90.8± 0.4 d	11.51± 0.43 a	142.72± 7.82 a	182.23± 8.32 a
岳冬 Yuedong	4 785.7± 29.1 b	2 198.3± 32.2 b	2 878.0± 12.2 cd	2 587.3± 9.3 b	679.7± 25.3 c	76.9± 0.5 c	93.3± 0.4 c	5.17± 0.43 b	117.62± 5.21 b	157.55± 6.14 b
浙薯13 Zheshu 13	4 190.3± 63.0 d	2 139.0± 23.5 c	2 975.3± 31.2 ab	2 051.3± 73.9 c	836.3± 9.5 a	75.6± 0.4 d	94.1± 0.4 b	4.81± 0.48 b	136.16± 4.68 a	172.95± 5.93 a
心香 Xingxiang	5 392.3± 45.2 a	2 434.7± 9.5 a	3 003.0± 20.7 a	2 957.7± 38.4 a	568.3± 20.6 d	72.1± 0.5f	87.4± 0.4e	4.22± 0.18 c	109.92± 5.65 b	156.93± 5.47 b
徐薯22 Xushu 22	3 726.3± 45.9 e	2 205.3± 13.7 b	2 917.3± 38.2 abc	1 521.0± 32.9 d	712.0± 50.3 b c	77.8± 0.5 b	94.8± 0.0 a	3.21± 0.16 d	79.62± 6.23 c	129.31± 7.25 c
徐薯18 Xushu 18	3 430.3± 28.4 f	2 000.7± 18.0 e	2 756.0± 70.4 e	1 429.7± 26.6 e	755.3± 52.6 b	83.5± 0.5 a	94.5± 0.0 ab	2.99± 0.08 d	74.83± 3.19 c	116.03± 4.21 d

病害种类Disease type	抗性指标Resistance index	鉴定值Value	抗性等级Resistance grade
蔓割病Fusarium wilt	病情指数Disease index	21.7	抗Resistance
Ⅰ型薯瘟病TypeⅠbactrium wilt	病情指数Disease index	71.4	感Susceptibility
Ⅱ型薯瘟病TypeⅡbactrium wilt	病情指数Disease index	48.2	中抗Moderate resistance
黑斑病Black rot	抗病表现百分率Percentage of resistance/%	112.3	中抗Moderate resistance
茎线虫病Stem nematode	抗病性指数Resistance index/%	37.7	感Susceptibility
根腐病Root rot	病情指数Disease index	42.9	中抗Moderate resistance
基腐病Foot rot	病情指数Disease index	67.4	感Susceptibility

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