菜蓟多酚提取工艺及其减脂功效

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230906

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2328-2337.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230906

菜蓟多酚提取工艺及其减脂功效

谭权钦¹^,²(), 陶文扬², 周万怡², 邢建荣², 杨颖²^,^*(), 孙全¹^,^*()

1.重庆邮电大学生命健康信息科学与工程学院,重庆 400065
2.浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2023-07-27 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-30
作者简介:谭权钦(1999—),男,重庆潼南人,硕士研究生,主要从事果蔬加工研究。E-mail:tanqq7013@163.com
通讯作者: ^*孙全,E-mail:sunquan@cqupt.edu.cn;杨颖,E-mail:ying_yang4535F@sina.com
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02034)

Extraction process and lipid reducing effect of artichoke polyphenols

TAN Quanqin¹^,²(), TAO Wenyang², ZHOU Wanyi², XING Jianrong², YANG Ying²^,^*(), SUN Quan¹^,^*()

1. School of Life Health Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
2. Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-07-27 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进精准营养产品的研发与资源利用,对菜蓟多酚的提取工艺及其减脂功效进行研究与评价。结果表明,干燥方式对菜蓟内苞片、外苞片和茎中多酚、黄酮的提取量及其抗氧化活性具有显著(P<0.05)影响,以冷冻干燥的效果最佳。经单因素试验和正交试验优化,获得的最优提取条件为乙醇体积分数40%、提取温度80 ℃、料液比1∶30。本试验条件下,从内苞片中提取的多酚具有最高的体外脂肪酶抑制活性与胆酸钠结合率,脂肪酶抑制率达37.6%,与阳性对照药物奥利司他接近。高脂小鼠模型明确从菜蓟茎、内苞片、外苞片中提取的多酚具有减脂效果,其中,以从内苞片中提取的多酚效果最佳,有助于减小脂肪细胞体积,降低肝脏脂肪堆积,上述指标及小鼠体重增加量、附睾脂肪系数与对照组均无显著差异。菜蓟多酚具有减脂功效,应用潜力较好。

关键词: 菜蓟, 多酚, 提取, 减脂

Abstract:

In order to advance the research and development of precision nutrition products and resource utilization, the extraction technology of polyphenols from artichoke was investigated, as well as the the assessment of its lipid reduction effect. The results revealed that the drying method significantly (P<0.05) impacted the extraction yield and antioxidant activity of polyphenols and flavonoids from inner bract, outer bract, and stems of artichoke, with freeze-drying demonstrating the most favorable outcome. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as 40% ethanol by volume fraction, an extraction temperature of 80 ℃, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶30. Under these experimental conditions, polyphenols extracted from the inner bracts exhibited potent in vitro lipase inhibitory activity as well as sodium cholate binding rate, achieving a lipase inhibitory rate of 37.6%, close to that of the positive control drug orlistat. Furthermore, in a high-fat mouse model, polyphenols extracted from the stem, inner bract, and outer bract of artichoke demonstrated lipid-reducing effects. Among them, those extracted from inner bracts showed superior efficacy in reducing fat cell volume and liver fat accumulation, as there was no significant differences observed in body weight gain or epididymal fat coefficient compared with the control group. In conclusion, the artichoke polyphenols could effectively reduce lipid with promising application potential.

Key words: artichoke, polyphenol, extraction, lipid-lowering

中图分类号:

TS255.5

谭权钦, 陶文扬, 周万怡, 邢建荣, 杨颖, 孙全. 菜蓟多酚提取工艺及其减脂功效[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(10): 2328-2337.

TAN Quanqin, TAO Wenyang, ZHOU Wanyi, XING Jianrong, YANG Ying, SUN Quan. Extraction process and lipid reducing effect of artichoke polyphenols[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2328-2337.

图/表 7

图1 菜蓟茎和苞片的结构

Fig.1 Structure of stem and bract of artichoke ST, Stem; IB, Inner bract; OB, Outer bract.

图2 干燥方式对菜蓟总酚和总黄酮含量的影响 ST,茎;IB,内苞片;OB,外苞片。从同一部位采集的样品柱上无相同字母的表示不同干燥方式间差异显著(P<0.05)。图3同。

Fig.2 Effect of drying methods on the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in artichoke ST, Stem; IB, Inner bract; OB, Outer bract; FD, Freeze drying; ND-shade, Natural drying in the shade; ND-sun, Natural drying in the sun; HD, Hot-air drying; VD, Vacuum drying. Bars marked without the same lowercase letters indicate significant (P<0.05) differences within drying methods for the samples collected from the same part. The same as in Fig. 3.

图3 干燥方式对菜蓟多酚ABTS+(A)和DPPH(B)自由基清除效果的影响

Fig.3 Effect of drying methods on the clearance of ABTS+A and DPPH B in artichoke polyphenols

图4 提取条件对菜蓟总酚和总黄酮含量的影响柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.4 Effect of extraction conditions on the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in artichoke Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (P<0.05) difference. The same as below.

表1 正交试验的设计与结果

Table 1 Design and results of orthogonal test

编号 No.	各因素的试验水平Test level for factors			多酚含量 Polyphenols content/(mg·g^-1)
编号 No.	(A)乙醇体积分数 Ethanol volume fraction/%	(B)提取温度 Extraction temperature/℃	(C)料液比 Solid-liquid ratio/(g·mL^-1)	多酚含量 Polyphenols content/(mg·g^-1)
1	60	80	1∶30	6.00
2	20	60	1∶50	4.99
3	60	40	1∶50	4.63
4	20	80	1∶40	4.81
5	40	80	1∶50	6.04
6	60	60	1∶40	5.14
7	40	60	1∶30	5.76
8	40	40	1∶40	4.86
9	20	40	1∶30	4.44
K₁	4.75	4.65	5.41
K₂	5.56	5.30	4.94
K₃	5.26	5.62	5.22
R	0.81	0.97	0.46

图5 菜蓟多酚对脂肪酶的抑制能力和与胆酸钠的结合能力 Orlistat,奥利司他(对照);ST,茎;OB,外苞片;IB,内苞片。

Fig.5 Lipase inhibition ability and binding ability of sodium cholate of artichoke polyphenols Orlistat was used as the control. ST, Stem; IB, Inner bract; OB, Outer bract.

图6 小鼠减脂试验结果 A,小鼠体重;B,小鼠体重增加量;C,小鼠附睾脂肪指数;D、E,小鼠附睾脂肪的染色图片。ND,对照组,正常饮食;HDF,高脂组,高脂饮食;OBAPs,外苞片组,高脂饮食并每天灌胃菜蓟多酚(自外苞片中提取);SAPs,茎组,高脂饮食并每天灌胃菜蓟多酚(自茎中提取);IBAPs,内苞片组,高脂饮食并每天灌胃菜蓟多酚(自内苞片中提取)。

Fig.6 Experimental results of lipid reduction in mice A, Mouse weight; B, Weight gain of mouse; C, Mouse epididymal fat index; D, E, Staining images of mouse epididymal fat. ND, Control group, with normal diet; HDF, High-fat group, with high-fat diet; OBAPS, Outer bract group, with high-fat diet and gavage of polyphenols extracted from the outer bract of artichoke every day; SAPs, Stem group, with high-fat diet and gavage of polyphenols extracted from the stem of artichoke every day; IBAPS, Inner bract group, with high-fat diet and gavage of polyphenols from the inner bract of artichoke every day.

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菜蓟多酚提取工艺及其减脂功效

Extraction process and lipid reducing effect of artichoke polyphenols

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