组培容器清洗装置关键部件设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240351

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 480-492.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240351

组培容器清洗装置关键部件设计与试验

俞国红¹^,²(), 郑航¹^,², 陈兵¹, 薛向磊¹^,², 谢平³, 叶云翔¹^,²

1.浙江省农业科学院农业装备研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.农业农村部东南丘陵山地农业装备重点实验室(部省共建),浙江杭州 310021
3.长沙精功包装机械有限公司,湖南长沙 410006

收稿日期:2024-04-12 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-20
作者简介:俞国红(1969—),男,浙江萧山人,硕士,研究员,研究方向为农业机械化工程。E-mail:Yuguohong@163.com
基金资助:
农业农村部农机研发制造推广一体化项目(2024R30S24B02)

Design and testing of key components of tissue culture container cleaning devices

YU Guohong¹^,²(), ZHENG Hang¹^,², CHEN Bing¹, XUE Xianglei¹^,², XIE Ping³, YE Yunxiang¹^,²

1. Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Areas in Southeastern China(Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Changsha Jinggong Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd., Changsha 410006, China

Received:2024-04-12 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

组培工厂化生产是我国种苗产业未来的发展方向。目前,我国组培生产以人工作业为主,其生产过程包括组培容器清洗灌装、种苗接种、培养以及移栽等一系列环节。其中,组培容器清洗是工厂化组培生产的关键环节之一,人工清洗费时费力,作业成本高,且清洗质量得不到有效保证。本文在分析组培容器清洗作业要求的基础上,设计了一种小型卧式组合式容器清洗装备,重点介绍了洗瓶机的工作原理,对关键部件与控制系统模块进行了理论分析与选型设计,分析了组合式容器清洗工艺流程,并设计了气动回路与控制系统,编写了相应的控制程序。同时,开展了组培容器清脂正交试验,得到了最佳清脂工作参数:刮片旋转速度为210 r·min^-1,刮片旋转时间为2.5 s,刮片进出方式为正转-反转形式。在此条件下,清脂率能达到97%以上。容器清洗试验的结果表明:该洗瓶机运行平稳,清洗合格率98%以上,清洗作业效率在22瓶·min^-1,能满足组培工厂化生产洗瓶要求。

关键词: 组培容器, 工厂化, 洗瓶机, 控制系统, 试验

Abstract:

The industrialized production of tissue culture is the future development direction of seedling industry. At present, the tissue culture production in China is mainly carried out manually, and the production process includes a series of steps such as cleaning and filling of tissue culture containers, seed inoculation, cultivation, and transplantation. The cleaning of tissue culture containers is the key links for tissue culture industry. Manual cleaning is time-consuming laborious, with high operating costs and ineffective cleaning quality assurance. In this article, a small horizontal combination container cleaning equipment was designed on the basis of analyzing the requirements for cleaning tissue culture containers. The working principle of the bottle washing machine was emphasized, and the key components and control system modules were analyzed and designed. The orthogonal test was used to obtain the optimal combination of test conditions: the rotational speed of the scraper was 210 r·min^-1, the rotational time of the scraper was 2.5 s, the scraper in/out mode was forward-reverse rotation, the effect of grease clearing of the container in the histoculture reached more than 97%. Finally, a container cleaning test was conducted. The experimental results showed that the bottle washing machine ran smoothly, with an average cleaning qualification rate of over 98%, and the cleaning efficiency was 22 bottles per minute, which could meet the requirements of tissue culture factory production for bottle washing.

Key words: tissue culture container, industrialization, bottle washing machine, control system, test

中图分类号:

S225.92

俞国红, 郑航, 陈兵, 薛向磊, 谢平, 叶云翔. 组培容器清洗装置关键部件设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 480-492.

YU Guohong, ZHENG Hang, CHEN Bing, XUE Xianglei, XIE Ping, YE Yunxiang. Design and testing of key components of tissue culture container cleaning devices[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 480-492.

图/表 19

图1 组培容器清洗生产线示意图

Fig.1 Structure diagram of tissue culture container cleaning production line

图2 组培容器示意图 1,琼脂;2,瓶口;3,瓶身。

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of tissue culture container 1, Agar; 2, Bottle cap; 3, Bottle body.

图3 送料机构结构示意图 1,机架;2,组培容器;3,拨轮1;4,拨轮2;5,电机;6,同步带;7,齿轮。

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism structure 1. Rack; 2. Tissue culture containers; 3. Wheel 1; 4. Wheel 2; 5. Motor; 6. Synchronous belt; 7. Gears.

图4 送料拨轮尺寸图

Fig.4 Dimensional drawing of feeding wheel

图5 翻转机构结构示意图 1, 卧式滚筒;2,组培容器;3,驱动电机。

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the flipping mechanism 1, Horizontal drum; 2, Tissue culture containers; 3, Driving motor.

图6 除脂机构结构示意图 1,顶升驱动气缸;2,导向轴;3,底板;4,定刮片组件驱动气缸;5,动刮片组件安装板;6,传动轴承组件;7,定刮片组件;8,动刮片组件; 9,动刮片组件驱动气缸;10,刮片旋转驱动电机。

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of degreasing mechanism structure 1, Lift the driving cylinder; 2, Guiding axis; 3, Bottom plate; 4, Driving cylinder for fixed blade component; 5, Installation plate for moving blade components; 6, Transmission bearing components; 7, Fixed scraper component; 8, Moving blade assembly; 9, Driving cylinder with the moving blade component; 10, Scraper blade rotation driving motor.

图7 刮片机构结构示意图 71,刮片安装轴;72,定刮片;6,传动轴承组件;81,动刮片安装轴;82,抬升连杆1;83,连杆2;84,动刮片;111,同步带轮。

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of scraper mechanism structure 71, Scraper installation shaft; 72, Fixed scraper blade; 6, Transmission bearing components; 81, Moving scraper installation shaft; 82, Lift connecting rod 1; 83, Connecting rod 2; 84, Moving scraper blade; 111, Synchronous pulley.

图8 动刮片机构清脂动作流程示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the degreasing action process of the dynamic scraper mechanism

图9 动刮片机构运动简图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of the motion of the moving scraper mechanism

图10 容器外洗部件结构示意图 1, 机架;2,组培容器;41,外洗毛刷;42,驱动电机。

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the external washing components of the container 1, Rack; 2, Tissue culture containers; 41, External washing brush; 42, Driving motor.

图11 容器内洗部件结构示意图 1, 毛刷;2,机架;3,进给气缸;4,旋转驱动电机;5,同步带。

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the washing components inside the container 1, Brush; 2, Rack; 3, Feed cylinder; 4, Rotating driving motor; 5, Synchronous belt.

图12 气动总回路图

Fig.12 Pneumatic circuit

图13 清脂机控制系统流程图

Fig.13 Flowchart of the culture medium cleaning control system

图14 组培容器清脂试验

Fig.14 Grease cleaning test for tissue culture container

表1 正交试验因素及水平

Table 1 Orthogonal test factors and levels

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A刮片转速 Scraper speed/ (r·min^-1)	B旋转时间 Rotation time/s	C进出形式 Entry and exit forms
1	150	2.5	正转-正转
			Forward rotation- forward rotation
2	180	3.0	正转-停止
			Forward rotation-stop
3	210	3.5	正转-反转
			Forward rotation- reverse rotation

表2 试验结果与方差分析

Table 2 Experimental results and analysis of variance

序号 No.	因素Factor				清脂率 Grease clearing rate(M)/%
序号 No.	A	B	C	空列Blank	清脂率 Grease clearing rate(M)/%
1	1	1	1	1	94.34
2	1	2	2	2	89.77
3	1	3	3	3	95.34
4	2	1	2	3	91.16
5	2	2	3	1	97.80
6	2	3	1	2	98.74
7	3	1	3	2	97.61
8	3	2	1	3	99.61
9	3	3	2	1	92.56
k₁	93.15	94.37	97.53	94.90	A₃
k₂	95.90	95.73	91.16	95.37	B₁
k₃	96.59	95.55	96.92	95.37	C₃
R	3.44	1.36	6.40	0.47
最优组合Optimal combination	A₃B₁C₃

图15 组培容器清脂前后对比效果

Fig.15 Comparison of effects before and after grease cleaning for tissue culture container

表3 容器清洗率验证试验结果

Table 3 Validation test results of container cleaning rate

序号 No.	容器清洗合格率 Container cleaning qualification rate/%	容器清洗效率 Container cleaning efficiency/min^-1
1	98	22
2	100	22
3	98	22

图16 组培容器清洗效果

Fig.16 Cleaning effect of tissue culture containers

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组培容器清洗装置关键部件设计与试验

Design and testing of key components of tissue culture container cleaning devices

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