浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2516-2524.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240800
闫沛玉1(
), 张生银2, 陈亮3,4, 刘斌1,4,*(
)
收稿日期:2024-09-10
出版日期:2025-12-25
发布日期:2026-01-09
作者简介:闫沛玉(1980—),男,甘肃景泰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事农业灌溉技术研究。E-mail:463621361@qq.com
通讯作者:
*刘斌,E-mail:347582892@qq.com
基金资助:
YAN Peiyu1(
), ZHANG Shengyin2, CHEN Liang3,4, LIU Bin1,4,*(
)
Received:2024-09-10
Online:2025-12-25
Published:2026-01-09
摘要: 番茄作为我国重要的蔬菜作物之一,生产中不合理的灌溉和施肥现象普遍,严重影响着果实的产量与品质。为探明可提高番茄品质的水肥调控机制,本试验以181番茄为试材,设置了不同水平的水肥条件,分别以足水足肥为CK(灌水每槽每次87.32 L,施肥N 420 kg·hm-2、P2O5180 kg·hm-2、K2O 468.0 kg·hm-2),设置3个水分水平W1(每槽每次74.15 L)、W2(每槽每次65.42 L)、W3(每槽每次56.70 L),3个肥料水平F1(CK的100%肥量),F2(CK的85%肥量),F3(CK的70%肥量),并两两组合为W1F1、W1F2、W1F3、W2F1、W2F2、W2F3、W3F1、W3F2、W3F3,共9个处理。结果表明,W2F2水平下,番茄植株的株高、茎粗和叶面积较CK显著增加,W2F2、W2F3、W3F3处理下的可溶性固形物含量较CK分别显著增加了1.6、1.1、0.9百分点,W2F2的可溶性糖含量较CK显著增加2.0百分点,且W2F2处理下糖酸比最大,相较其他处理均有显著性差异,较CK显著增加100.06%;此外,W3F3的硝酸盐含量最低,W2F2单果重最高,与CK无显著差异,同时平均单株果数和产量显著高于其他处理。综合各指标,W2F2处理(灌水量每槽每次65.42 L,施肥量85%(即N 357 kg·hm-2、P2O5 153 kg·hm-2、K2O 397.8 kg·hm-2)能有效提高设施番茄的品质和产量,并达到节水节肥的效果,可作为日光温室基质栽培高品质番茄的适宜水肥耦合制度。
中图分类号:
闫沛玉, 张生银, 陈亮, 刘斌. 不同水肥耦合对设施栽培番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(12): 2516-2524.
YAN Peiyu, ZHANG Shengyin, CHEN Liang, LIU Bin. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivated in facility[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(12): 2516-2524.
| 处理 Treatments | 每槽每次灌水量 Irrigation amount per plot for once/L | 施肥量 Fertilizer application rate/(kg·hm-2) |
|---|---|---|
| CK | 87.23 | N 420,P2O5 180,K2O 468.0 |
| W1F1 | 74.15 | N 420,P2O5 180,K2O 468.0 |
| W1F2 | 74.15 | N 357,P2O5 153,K2O 397.8 |
| W1F3 | 74.15 | N 294,P2O5 126,K2O 327.6 |
| W2F1 | 65.42 | N 420,P2O5 180,K2O 468.0 |
| W2F2 | 65.42 | N 357,P2O5 153,K2O 397.8 |
| W2F3 | 65.42 | N 294,P2O5 126,K2O 327.6 |
| W3F1 | 56.70 | N 420,P2O5180,K2O 468.0 |
| W3F2 | 56.70 | N 357,P2O5 153,K2O 397.8 |
| W3F3 | 56.70 | N 294,P2O5 126,K2O 327.6 |
表1 试验方案设计
Table 1 Test scheme design
| 处理 Treatments | 每槽每次灌水量 Irrigation amount per plot for once/L | 施肥量 Fertilizer application rate/(kg·hm-2) |
|---|---|---|
| CK | 87.23 | N 420,P2O5 180,K2O 468.0 |
| W1F1 | 74.15 | N 420,P2O5 180,K2O 468.0 |
| W1F2 | 74.15 | N 357,P2O5 153,K2O 397.8 |
| W1F3 | 74.15 | N 294,P2O5 126,K2O 327.6 |
| W2F1 | 65.42 | N 420,P2O5 180,K2O 468.0 |
| W2F2 | 65.42 | N 357,P2O5 153,K2O 397.8 |
| W2F3 | 65.42 | N 294,P2O5 126,K2O 327.6 |
| W3F1 | 56.70 | N 420,P2O5180,K2O 468.0 |
| W3F2 | 56.70 | N 357,P2O5 153,K2O 397.8 |
| W3F3 | 56.70 | N 294,P2O5 126,K2O 327.6 |
| 处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height/cm | 茎粗 Stem diameter/mm | 叶面积 Leaf area/cm2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 177.75±2.33 d | 9.68±0.16 c | 277.4±0.99 d |
| W1FI | 185.96±0.72 b | 9.57±0.10 c | 205.72±4.74 f |
| W1F2 | 186.10±0.40 b | 9.55±0.23 c | 219.89±4.90 f |
| W1F3 | 184.44±0.48 bc | 9.92±0.25 c | 235.83±2.48 e |
| W2F1 | 186.32±1.10 b | 9.80±0.22 c | 294.22±7.36 c |
| W2F2 | 191.35±1.34 a | 11.04±0.19 a | 337.74±1.91 a |
| W2F3 | 188.63±0.89 ab | 10.45±0.18 b | 296.44±2.32 c |
| W3F1 | 185.08±0.88 bc | 9.60±0.03 c | 300.00±2.91 c |
| W3F2 | 180.69±1.39 cd | 9.57±0.09 c | 315.68±4.86 b |
| W3F3 | 184.62±2.87 bc | 9.45±0.07 c | 316.98±4.56 b |
表2 不同水肥耦合处理下设施栽培番茄植株的生长情况
Table 2 Growth of tomato plants in greenhouse under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments
| 处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height/cm | 茎粗 Stem diameter/mm | 叶面积 Leaf area/cm2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 177.75±2.33 d | 9.68±0.16 c | 277.4±0.99 d |
| W1FI | 185.96±0.72 b | 9.57±0.10 c | 205.72±4.74 f |
| W1F2 | 186.10±0.40 b | 9.55±0.23 c | 219.89±4.90 f |
| W1F3 | 184.44±0.48 bc | 9.92±0.25 c | 235.83±2.48 e |
| W2F1 | 186.32±1.10 b | 9.80±0.22 c | 294.22±7.36 c |
| W2F2 | 191.35±1.34 a | 11.04±0.19 a | 337.74±1.91 a |
| W2F3 | 188.63±0.89 ab | 10.45±0.18 b | 296.44±2.32 c |
| W3F1 | 185.08±0.88 bc | 9.60±0.03 c | 300.00±2.91 c |
| W3F2 | 180.69±1.39 cd | 9.57±0.09 c | 315.68±4.86 b |
| W3F3 | 184.62±2.87 bc | 9.45±0.07 c | 316.98±4.56 b |
图1 不同水肥耦合处理下设施栽培番茄的可溶性固形物含量 不同处理间没有相同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。
Fig.1 Total soluble solids content of tomatoes in greenhouse under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments The bars with different lowercase letters indicate the significant (p<0.05) difference. The same as below.
图3 不同水肥耦合处理下设施栽培番茄的硝酸盐含量、可滴定酸含量和糖酸比
Fig.3 Nitrate content, titratable acidity, and sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes in greenhouse under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments
| 处理 Treatments | 单果重 Single fruit weight/g | 单株果数 Number of fruit per plant | 每667 m2产量 Yield per 667 m2/kg | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 97.34±0.27 a | 26.0±0.6 ab | 4 705.29±98.33 ab | 14.86±0.36 f |
| W1FI | 96.06±0.30 b | 25.3±0.3 bc | 4 524.49±67.04 bc | 16.55±0.25 d |
| W1F2 | 94.24±0.01 de | 25.0±0.1 cd | 4 380.35±0.54 cd | 16.03±0.01 de |
| W1F3 | 93.96±0.19 e | 24.3±0.3 cd | 4 250.98±57.15 cd | 15.55±0.21 ef |
| W2F1 | 95.38±0.24 c | 26.0±0.6 ab | 4 611.29±112.58 bc | 18.71±0.46 c |
| W2F2 | 97.46±0.09 a | 27.0±0.6 a | 4 892.49±102.29 a | 19.85±0.42 b |
| W2F3 | 94.48±0.21 de | 25.6±0.3 bc | 4 508.36±48.68 bc | 18.29±0.20 c |
| W3F1 | 95.93±0.24 bc | 25.6±0.3 bc | 4 578.18±67.82 bc | 20.85±0.31 a |
| W3F2 | 94.70±0.23 d | 24.0±0.6 d | 4 225.31±97.64 cd | 19.24±0.44 bc |
| W3F3 | 94.21±0.05 de | 23.6±0.3 d | 4 145.62±60.42 d | 18.88±0.28 bc |
表3 不同水肥耦合处理下设施栽培番茄的产量和水分利用效率
Table 3 Yield and water use efficiency of tomatoes in greenhouse under different water and fertilizer coupling treatments
| 处理 Treatments | 单果重 Single fruit weight/g | 单株果数 Number of fruit per plant | 每667 m2产量 Yield per 667 m2/kg | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 97.34±0.27 a | 26.0±0.6 ab | 4 705.29±98.33 ab | 14.86±0.36 f |
| W1FI | 96.06±0.30 b | 25.3±0.3 bc | 4 524.49±67.04 bc | 16.55±0.25 d |
| W1F2 | 94.24±0.01 de | 25.0±0.1 cd | 4 380.35±0.54 cd | 16.03±0.01 de |
| W1F3 | 93.96±0.19 e | 24.3±0.3 cd | 4 250.98±57.15 cd | 15.55±0.21 ef |
| W2F1 | 95.38±0.24 c | 26.0±0.6 ab | 4 611.29±112.58 bc | 18.71±0.46 c |
| W2F2 | 97.46±0.09 a | 27.0±0.6 a | 4 892.49±102.29 a | 19.85±0.42 b |
| W2F3 | 94.48±0.21 de | 25.6±0.3 bc | 4 508.36±48.68 bc | 18.29±0.20 c |
| W3F1 | 95.93±0.24 bc | 25.6±0.3 bc | 4 578.18±67.82 bc | 20.85±0.31 a |
| W3F2 | 94.70±0.23 d | 24.0±0.6 d | 4 225.31±97.64 cd | 19.24±0.44 bc |
| W3F3 | 94.21±0.05 de | 23.6±0.3 d | 4 145.62±60.42 d | 18.88±0.28 bc |
图4 水肥耦合处理下各指标的相关分析(A)与主成分分析(B) PH,株高;SD,茎粗;LA,叶面积;TSS,可溶性固形物含量;TS,可溶性糖含量;NC,硝酸盐含量;TA,可滴定酸含量;S/A,糖酸比;SW,单果重;NF,单株果数;WUE,水分利用效率;Y,产量。
Fig.4 Correlation analysis(A) and principal component analysis(B) of various indicators under water-fertilizer coupling treatment PH, Plant height; SD, Stem diameter; LA, Leaf area; TSS, Total soluble solids content; TS, Total sugar content; NC, Nitrate content; TA, Titratable acidity; S/A, Sugar-acid ratio; SW, Single fruit weight; NF, Number of fruits per plant; WUE, Water use efficiency; Y, Yield.
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