绿肥还田对土壤无机磷组分及小麦磷吸收的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250361

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 114-125.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250361

绿肥还田对土壤无机磷组分及小麦磷吸收的影响

郭冉冉¹(), 徐珂¹, 李正鹏², 严清彪², 李蓉², 韩梅²^,^*()

1.青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
2.青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-11
作者简介:*韩梅,E-mail:hanmei20061234@sina.com
郭冉冉,主要从事作物栽培与土壤养分研究。E-mail:501248348@qq.com
通讯作者: 韩梅
基金资助:
国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)

Effects of green manure returning methods on soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and phosphorus uptake by wheat

GUO Ranran¹(), XU Ke¹, LI Zhengpeng², YAN Qingbiao², LI Rong², HAN Mei²^,^*()

1. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received:2025-05-06 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11
Contact: HAN Mei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究绿肥还田对土壤无机磷组分及小麦磷吸收的影响,开展裂区试验,主区为施肥水平——不施化肥(N0)、施化肥(N1,N 157.5 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 78.75 kg·hm^-2),副区为绿肥还田方式——不种绿肥(G0)、绿肥留根茬还田(G1)、绿肥翻压还田(G2)。于2024年7月小麦收获后,检测土壤全磷、有效磷及各无机磷组分的含量,土壤磷酸酶活性,小麦产量和小麦各部分的磷素积累量。结果表明,绿肥还田可提高土壤无机磷含量: 与N1G0处理相比,N1G1、N1G2处理的土壤无机磷总量分别显著(p<0.05)提升16.4%和18.9%;与N0G0比较,N0G1、N0G2处理的土壤无机磷总量分别显著提升39.6%和21.5%。与N1G0比较,N1G2处理的二钙磷(Ca₂-P)、八钙磷(Ca₈-P)、十钙磷(Ca₁₀-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、闭蓄态磷(O-P)含量分别显著增加25.6%、48.8%、11.9%、16.3%、19.3%,N1G1处理的Ca₈-P、Ca₁₀-P、O-P含量分别显著增加53.3%、10.6%、19.5%。配施化肥条件下,绿肥还田显著增强土壤中性、酸性磷酸酶活性:与N1G0处理相比,N1G1、N1G2处理的中性磷酸酶活性分别提高3.3%、4.5%,酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高19.3%、31.2%。不施化肥条件下,与N0G0处理相比,N0G2处理的碱性、中性、酸性磷酸酶活性分别显著提高21.7%、6.0%、50.8%,N0G1处理的酸性磷酸酶活性显著提高12.0%。绿肥还田可以显著提高小麦产量:与N1G0比较,N1G1、N1G2处理的小麦产量分别提升5.8%和8.7%;与N0G0处理相比,N0G1、N0G2处理的小麦产量分别提升83.0%和84.3%。此外,适宜的绿肥还田还能促进小麦扬花期、成熟期各部分的磷素积累。综上,绿肥还田可通过优化土壤无机磷组分、增强土壤磷酸酶活性来促进小麦对磷的吸收,从而实现小麦产量与磷素吸收的协同提升。本试验条件下,绿肥翻压还田配施化肥是在青海地区提高土壤磷素有效性、促进小麦生长的最佳绿肥还田模式。

关键词: 绿肥还田, 无机磷组分, 小麦, 磷酸酶活性, 磷素累积

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of green manure returning to the field on soil inorganic phosphorus (P) fractions and P uptake by wheat, a split-plot field experiment was conducted. The main plots were assigned to two chemical fertilizer application regimes: no chemical fertilizer (N0) and chemical fertilizer application with 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N and 78.75 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅ (N1). The subplots were subjected to three green manure management practices: no green manure (G0), returning of the root stubble of green manure to the field (G1), and green manure incorporation (G2). Following wheat harvest in July 2024, the content of soil total P, available P, and various inorganic P fractions was determined, as well as soil phosphatase activities, wheat grain yield, and P accumulation in different parts of wheat. It was shown that returning the green manure to the field could enhance soil inorganic P content. Compared with the N1G0 treatment, the total soil inorganic P content in the N1G1 and N1G2 treatments increased significantly (p<0.05) by 16.4% and 18.9%, respectively. In comparison with the N0G0 treatment, the total soil inorganic P content in the N0G1 and N0G2 treatments was significantly elevated by 39.6% and 21.5%, respectively. Compared with the N1G0 treatment, the N1G2 treatment resulted in significant increases in the contents of dicalcium phosphate (Ca₂-P), octacalcium phosphate (Ca₈-P), apatite (Ca₁₀-P), aluminum-bound P (Al-P), and occluded P (O-P) by 25.6%, 48.8%, 11.9%, 16.3%, and 19.3%, respectively. Compared with the N1G0 treatment, the N1G1 treatment significantly increased the contents of Ca₈-P, Ca₁₀-P and O-P by 53.3%, 10.6% and 19.5%, respectively. With chemical fertilizer application, green manure returning to the field significantly improved the activities of soil neutral and acid phosphatases. Compared with the N1G0 treatment, the neutral phosphatase activity in N1G1 and N1G2 increased by 3.3% and 4.5%, respectively, while the acid phosphatase activity was enhanced by 19.3% and 31.2%, respectively. Without chemical fertilizer application, the N0G2 treatment significantly increased the activities of soil alkaline, neutral, and acid phosphatases by 21.7%, 6.0%, and 50.8%, respectively, as compared with the N0G0 treatment. Additionally, the N0G1 treatment led to a significant 12.0% increase in acid phosphatase activity compared with the N0G0 treatment. Green manure returning to the field also exerted a significant positive effect on wheat yield. Compared with the N1G0 treatment, the wheat yield in N1G1 and N1G2 increased by 5.8% and 8.7%, respectively. In contrast to N0G0, the wheat yield in N0G1 and N0G2 was elevated by 83.0% and 84.3%, respectively. Furthermore, appropriate treatments with green manure returning to the field facilitated P accumulation in different parts of wheat at both the flowering and maturity stages. In conclusion, green manure returning to the field promoted wheat P uptake by optimizing soil inorganic P fractions and enhancing soil phosphatase activity, thereby achieving the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and P uptake. Under the experimental conditions, green manure incorporration with chemical fertilizer application was the optimal choice for improving soil P availability and promoting wheat growth in Qinghai.

Key words: green manure returning to the field, inorganic phosphorus fraction, wheat, phosphatase activity, phosphorus accumulation

中图分类号:

郭冉冉, 徐珂, 李正鹏, 严清彪, 李蓉, 韩梅. 绿肥还田对土壤无机磷组分及小麦磷吸收的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(1): 114-125.

GUO Ranran, XU Ke, LI Zhengpeng, YAN Qingbiao, LI Rong, HAN Mei. Effects of green manure returning methods on soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and phosphorus uptake by wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(1): 114-125.

图/表 10

图1 试验区2024年小麦生育期的气温和降水量

Fig.1 Air temperature and precipitation throughout the wheat growing season in the experimental region in 2024

图2 不同处理下土壤的有机质含量柱上无相同小写字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.2 Soil organic matter content under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05. The same as below.

图3 不同处理下土壤的无机磷总量与全磷含量

Fig.3 Total inorganic phosphorus content and total phosphorus content of soil under different treatments

图4 不同处理下土壤各无机磷组分的含量 Ca2-P,二钙磷;Ca8-P,八钙磷;Fe-P,铁结合态磷;O-P,闭蓄态磷;Al-P,铝结合态磷;Ca10-P,十钙磷。下同。

Fig.4 Content of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions under different treatments Ca2-P, Dicalcium phosphate; Ca8-P, Octa calcium phosphate; Fe-P, Iron-bound phosphate; O-P, Occluded phosphorus; Al-P, Aluminum-bound phosphate; Ca10-P, Apatite. The same as below.

图5 不同处理下土壤各形态无机磷占全磷的比例

Fig.5 Proportion of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions to total phosphorus under different treatments

图6 不同处理下土壤磷酸酶活性

Fig.6 Phosphatase activity in soil under different treatments

表1 不同处理小麦扬花期各部分的磷素积累量

Table 1 Phosphorus accumulation in different parts of wheat under different treatments at the flowering stage kg·hm-2

处理 Treatment	不同部分的磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation in different parts
处理 Treatment	叶片 Leaf	叶鞘+茎 Sheath and stem	颖壳+穗轴 Husk and spike axis
N0G0	2.80±0.14 c	8.57±1.09 e	6.06±1.05 c
N0G1	3.62±0.36 bc	12.15±1.01 cd	8.05±0.16 b
N0G2	4.38±0.06 b	14.83±1.52 b	9.16±0.40 a
N1G0	3.36±0.31 c	11.75±0.76 d	6.48±0.21 c
N1G1	4.42±0.51 b	13.95±1.16 bc	6.89±0.18 c
N1G2	5.44±0.87 a	16.90±0.96 a	9.30±0.20 a

表2 不同处理小麦成熟期各部分的磷素积累量

Table 2 Phosphorus accumulation in different parts of wheat under different treatments at the maturity stage kg·hm-2

处理 Treatment	不同部分的磷素积累量Phosphorus accumulation in different parts
处理 Treatment	叶片 Leaf	叶鞘+茎 Sheath and stem	颖壳+穗轴 Husk and spike axis	籽粒 Grain
N0G0	0.44±0.07 d	1.81±0.24 b	0.65±0.03 d	8.75±0.57 c
N0G1	0.72±0.02 c	2.35±0.11 b	2.20±0.12 b	9.74±1.04 c
N0G2	1.02±0.07 b	1.76±0.06 b	2.00±0.13 c	17.30±1.03 b
N1G0	0.51±0.14 cd	1.03±0.45 b	0.56±0.18 d	9.62±1.61 c
N1G1	1.29±0.19 a	5.48±0.60 a	2.62±0.29 a	26.81±5.17 a
N1G2	1.41±0.14 a	5.66±0.71 a	2.84±0.12 a	29.45±8.14 a

图7 不同处理下的小麦产量

Fig.7 Wheat yield under different treatments

图8 土壤各形态无机磷含量、磷酸酶活性与小麦籽粒磷素积累量的相关性 SOM、S-NP、S-ACP、S-ALP、TP、G分别表示土壤有机质含量、中性磷酸酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、全磷含量,及成熟期籽粒磷素积累量。“*”“**”“***”分别表示在p<0.05、p<0.01、p<0.001水平上显著相关。

Fig.8 Correlation among content of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions, soil phosphatase activity, and phosphorus accumulation in grains SOM, S-NP, S-ACP, S-ALP, TP, G represent soil organic matter content, neutral phosphatase activity, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, total phosphorus content, and phosphorus accumulation in grains. “*” “**” “***” indicate significant correlation at p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001 level, respectively.

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绿肥还田对土壤无机磷组分及小麦磷吸收的影响

Effects of green manure returning methods on soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and phosphorus uptake by wheat

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